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De filio (orat. 29)

THIRD THEOLOGICAL ORATION, CONCERNING THE SON

1 These, then, are the things one might say to check their readiness and rapidity in argument, and the danger of this rapidity in all matters, but especially in discourses concerning God. But since to rebuke is no great thing—for it is easy and for anyone who wishes—but to introduce one's own opinion is the part of a pious and intelligent man; come, trusting in the Holy Spirit, who by them is dishonored, but by us is adored, let us bring forth into the light our own conceptions concerning the Godhead, whatever they may be, like some noble and timely offspring; not having kept silent at other times—for in this alone are we youthful and high-minded—but now even more boldly speaking the truth; so that by shrinking back, as it is written, we may not be condemned for not being well-pleasing. And since every argument is twofold, the one establishing its own position, the other overthrowing its opponent's, we too, having first set forth our own, will thus attempt to overthrow that of our adversaries; and both as briefly as possible, so that what is said may be easily surveyed, like the introductory argument they themselves devised for the deception of the more simple or foolish, and so that our thoughts may not be dissipated by the length of the argument, like water not confined in a pipe but poured out and dispersed over a plain.

2 There are three supreme doctrines concerning God: anarchy, polyarchy, and monarchy. The first two were playthings for the children of the Greeks, and let them continue to be so. For anarchy is disorderly; and polyarchy is seditious, and thus anarchic, and thus disorderly. For both lead to the same thing, disorder, and this to dissolution; for disorder is a prelude to dissolution. But for us, monarchy is what is honored; a monarchy, however, not that which is circumscribed by a single person (for it is possible for the one, being at variance with itself, to become many), but that which is constituted by an equality of nature, a concord of will, an identity of movement, and a convergence towards the one of those who are from it, which is impossible in the case of created nature, so that though they differ in number, they are not divided in essence. For this reason, a Monad, moved from the beginning into a Dyad, has come to rest in a Triad. And this is for us the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit; the one the Begetter and the Projector, I mean without passion, and without time, and without body; and of the others, the one the Begotten, the other the Projection, or I know not what one might call these things, having removed them completely from things visible. For we will not dare to speak of an overflow of goodness, which one of those who philosophized among the Greeks dared to say, as if some cup had overflowed, speaking thus plainly, in his philosophizing about a first and second cause; lest we should introduce an involuntary generation, and something like a natural and unrestrainable superfluity, which is least of all fitting for conceptions of the Godhead. For this reason, standing upon our own terms, we introduce the Unbegotten, and the Begotten, and that which Proceeds from the Father, as God the Word himself somewhere says.

3 When then were these things? They are beyond the 'when'. But if I must speak somewhat boldly, when the Father was. And when was the Father? There was not when He was not. The same, then, for the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Ask me again, and again I will answer you. When was the Son begotten? When the Father was not begotten. And when did the Spirit proceed? When the Son did not proceed, but was begotten timelessly and beyond reason; even if we are not able to represent what is beyond time, wishing to escape any temporal connotation; for the words 'when,' and 'before this,' and 'after this,' and 'from the beginning' are not timeless, however much we may force them; unless we take 'aeon' as the interval coextensive with eternal things, that which not by any motion

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De filio (orat. 29)

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΤΡΙΤΟΣ ΠΕΡΙ ΥΙΟΥ

1 Ἃ μὲν οὖν εἴποι τις ἂν ἐπικόπτων τὴν περὶ τὸν λόγον αὐτῶν ἑτοιμότητα καὶ ταχύτητα, καὶ τὸ τοῦ τάχους ἐπισφαλὲς ἐν πᾶσι μὲν πράγμασι, μάλιστα δὲ ἐν τοῖς περὶ θεοῦ λόγοις, ταῦτά ἐστιν. ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐπιτιμᾷν οὐ μέγα· ῥᾷστον γὰρ καὶ τοῦ βουλομένου παντός· τὸ δὲ ἀντεισάγειν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γνώμην ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβοῦς καὶ νοῦν ἔχοντος· φέρε, τῷ ἁγίῳ θαρρήσαντες πνεύματι, τῷ παρ' αὐτῶν μὲν ἀτιμαζο μένῳ, παρ' ἡμῶν δὲ προσκυνουμένῳ, τὰς ἡμετέρας περὶ τῆς θεότητος ὑπολήψεις, αἵ τινές ποτέ εἰσιν, ὥσπερ τινὰ τόκον εὐγενῆ τε καὶ ὥριμον εἰς φῶς προενέγκωμεν· οὐδὲ ἄλλοτε μὲν σιωπήσαντες, τοῦτο γὰρ μόνον ἡμεῖς νεανικοί τε καὶ μεγαλόφρονες, νῦν δὲ καὶ μᾶλλον παρρησια ζόμενοι τὴν ἀλήθειαν· ἵνα μὴ τῇ ὑποστολῇ, καθὼς γέγραπται, τὸ μὴ εὐδοκεῖσθαι κατακριθῶμεν. διττοῦ δὲ ὄντος λόγου παντός, τοῦ μὲν τὸ οἰκεῖον κατασκευάζοντος, τοῦ δὲ τὸ ἀντίπαλον ἀνατρέποντος, καὶ ἡμεῖς τὸν οἰκεῖον ἐκθέμενοι πρότερον, οὕτω τὰ τῶν ἐναντίων ἀνατρέψαι πειρασόμεθα· καὶ ἀμφότερα ὡς οἷόν τε διὰ βραχέων, ἵν' εὐσύνοπτα γένηται τὰ λεγόμενα, ὥσπερ ὃν αὐτοὶ λόγον εἰσα γωγικὸν ἐπενόησαν πρὸς ἐξαπάτην τῶν ἁπλουστέρων ἢ εὐηθεστέρων, καὶ μὴ τῷ μήκει τοῦ λόγου διαχεθῇ τὰ νοούμενα, καθάπερ ὕδωρ οὐ σωλῆνι σφιγγόμενον, ἀλλὰ κατὰ πεδίου χεόμενον καὶ λυόμενον.

2 Τρεῖς αἱ ἀνωτάτω δόξαι περὶ θεοῦ, ἀναρχία, καὶ πολυαρχία, καὶ μοναρχία. αἱ μὲν οὖν δύο παισὶν Ἑλλήνων ἐπαίχθησαν, καὶ παιζέσθωσαν. τό τε γὰρ ἄναρχον ἄτακτον· τό τε πολύαρχον στα σιῶδες, καὶ οὕτως ἄναρχον, καὶ οὕτως ἄτακτον. εἰς ταὐτὸν γὰρ ἀμφότερα φέρει, τὴν ἀταξίαν, ἡ δὲ εἰς λύσιν· ἀταξία γὰρ μελέτη λύσεως. ἡμῖν δὲ μοναρχία τὸ τιμώμενον· μοναρχία δέ, οὐχ ἣν ἓν περιγράφει πρόσωπον· ἔστι γὰρ καὶ τὸ ἓν στασιάζον πρὸς ἑαυτὸ πολλὰ καθίστασθαι· ἀλλ' ἣν φύσεως ὁμοτιμία συνίστησι, καὶ γνώ μης σύμπνοια, καὶ ταὐτότης κινήσεως, καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἓν τῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ σύννευσις, ὅπερ ἀμήχανον ἐπὶ τῆς γεννητῆς φύσεως, ὥστε κἂν ἀριθμῷ διαφέρῃ, τῇ γε οὐσίᾳ μὴ τέμνεσθαι. διὰ τοῦτο μονὰς ἀπ' ἀρχῆς εἰς δυάδα κινηθεῖσα, μέχρι τριάδος ἔστη. καὶ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἡμῖν ὁ πατήρ, καὶ ὁ υἱός, καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα· ὁ μὲν γεννήτωρ καὶ προβολεύς, λέγω δὲ ἀπαθῶς, καὶ ἀχρόνως, καὶ ἀσωμάτως· τῶν δέ, τὸ μὲν γέννημα, τὸ δὲ πρόβλημα, ἢ οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως ἄν τις ταῦτα καλέσειεν, ἀφελὼν πάντῃ τῶν ὁρωμένων. οὐ γὰρ δὴ ὑπέρχυσιν ἀγαθότητος εἰπεῖν θαρρήσομεν, ὃ τῶν παρ' Ἕλλησι φιλοσοφησάν των εἰπεῖν τις ἐτόλμησεν, οἷον κρατήρ τις ὑπερερρύῃ, σαφῶς οὑτωσὶ λέγων, ἐν οἷς περὶ πρώτου αἰτίου καὶ δευτέρου φιλοσοφεῖ· μή ποτε ἀκούσιον τὴν γέννησιν εἰσαγάγωμεν, καὶ οἷον περίττωμά τι φυσικὸν καὶ δυσκάθεκτον, ἥκιστα ταῖς περὶ θεότητος ὑπονοίαις πρέπον. διὰ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων ὅρων ἱστάμενοι τὸ ἀγέννητον εἰσάγομεν, καὶ τὸ γεννητόν, καὶ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον, ὥς πού φησιν αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς καὶ λόγος.

3 Πότε οὖν ταῦτα; ὑπὲρ τὸ πότε ταῦτα. εἰ δὲ δεῖ τι καὶ νεανικῶς εἰπεῖν, ὅτε ὁ πατήρ. πότε δὲ ὁ πατήρ; οὐκ ἦν ὅτε οὐκ ἦν. τοῦτο οὖν καὶ ὁ υἱός, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. πάλιν ἐρώτα με, καὶ πάλιν ἀποκρινοῦμαί σοι. πότε ὁ υἱὸς γεγέννηται; ὅτε ὁ πατὴρ οὐ γεγέν νηται. πότε δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα ἐκπεπόρευται; ὅτε ὁ υἱὸς οὐκ ἐκπεπόρευ ται, ἀλλὰ γεγέννηται ἀχρόνως καὶ ὑπὲρ λόγον· εἰ καὶ μὴ δυνάμεθα τὸ ὑπὲρ χρόνον παραστῆσαι, θέλοντες χρονικὴν ἐκφυγεῖν ἔμφασιν· τὸ γὰρ ὅτε, καὶ πρὸ τοῦδε, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα, καὶ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, οὐκ ἄχρονα, κἂν ὅτι μάλιστα βιαζώμεθα· πλὴν εἰ τὸ παρεκτεινόμενον τοῖς ἀιδίοις διάστημα τὸν αἰῶνα λαμβάνοιμεν, τὸ μὴ κινήσει τινὶ