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On Theology (Oration 28)

THEOLOGICAL ORATION, THE SECOND, CONCERNING THEOLOGY

1 Since we have purified the theologian by our discourse, having described what sort he ought to be, and with whom we may philosophize, and when, and to what extent; that he must be as pure as possible, that light may be apprehended by light; and with those who are more diligent, that the word may not be fruitless, falling on barren ground; and when we have an inner calm from external distraction, so that we may not, like madmen, be interrupted in our spirit; and as far as we have apprehended, or are being apprehended. Since these things are so, and we have tilled for ourselves divine fallow-land, so as not to sow upon thorns, and we have smoothed the face of the earth, being both formed by Scripture and forming by it; Come, let us now approach the discourses of theology, setting before our discourse the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, of whom is our discourse, that the one may be well-pleased, the second may cooperate, and the third inspire; or rather that one illumination may come from the one Godhead, divided in a unified way, and joined in a divided way, which is also a paradox.

2 As I eagerly ascend the mountain, or to speak more truly, being both eager and anxious, the one because of hope, the other because of weakness, that I may enter into the cloud, and be with God (for this God commands), if one is an Aaron, let him come up with me and stand near, even if he must remain outside the cloud, accepting this. But if one is a Nadab, or an Abihu, or one of the elders, let him ascend indeed, but let him stand afar off, according to the worthiness of his purification. But if one is of the multitude and unworthy of such a height and contemplation, if he is completely impure, let him not even approach, for it is not safe; but if he has been purified at least for a time, let him remain below, and let him hear only the voice and the trumpet, the bare words of piety; and let him see the mountain smoking and flashing with lightning, both a threat and a wonder to those unable to ascend. But if one is a wicked and untamed beast, and altogether incapable of the words of contemplation and theology, let him not lie in wait among the thickets wickedly and maliciously, in order to seize upon some dogma or saying, suddenly leaping out, and tear sound words to pieces with insults, but let him stand yet farther off, and depart from the mountain, or he will be stoned, and crushed, and being wicked will perish wickedly; for true and solid words are stones to the beast-like. Whether it be a leopard, let it die with its spots. Whether a lion, seizing and roaring and seeking which of our souls or words he may devour; Whether a swine, trampling on the beautiful and clear pearls of truth; Whether an Arabian and foreign wolf, or one sharper than these in sophistries; Whether a fox, a deceitful and faithless soul, and at different times different, conforming to seasons and needs, which feeds on dead and stinking bodies, or small vineyards, having escaped the large ones; Whether some other of the flesh-eating, and rejected by the law, and not clean for food and enjoyment. For the word wishes, having departed from these, to be inscribed on solid and stone tablets, and on these on both sides, on account of both the apparent and the hidden of the law; the one for the many who remain below, the other for the few who reach what is above.

3 What is this that has happened to me, O friends and initiates and fellow-lovers of the truth? I was running as if to apprehend God, and so I went up on the mountain, and I passed through the cloud, going within, away from matter and material things, and being gathered into myself as much as possible. But when I looked closely, I scarcely saw God's back parts; and this, by the Rock

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De theologia (orat. 28)

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΟΣ ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

1 Ἐπειδὴ ἀνεκαθήραμεν τῷ λόγῳ τὸν θεολόγον, οἷόν τε εἶναι χρὴ διελθόντες, καὶ οἷστισι φιλοσοφητέον, καὶ ἡνίκα, καὶ ὅσον· ὅτι ὡς οἷόν τε καθαρόν, ἵνα φωτὶ καταλαμβάνηται φῶς. καὶ τοῖς ἐπιμελεστέροις, ἵνα μὴ ἄγονος ᾖ εἰς ἄγονον χώραν ἐμπίπτων ὁ λόγος· καὶ ὅταν γαλήνην ἔχωμεν ἔνδον ἀπὸ τῆς ἔξω περιφορᾶς, ὥστε μή, καθάπερ οἱ λυττῶντες, τῷ πνεύματι διακόπτεσθαι· καὶ ὅσον ἐχωρήσαμεν, ἢ χωρούμεθα· ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα οὕτω, καὶ ἐνεώσαμεν ἑαυτοῖς θεῖα νεώματα, ὥστε μὴ σπείρειν ἐπ' ἀκάνθαις, καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς ὡμαλίσαμεν, τῇ γραφῇ τυπωθέντες τε καὶ τυπώσαντες· φέρε, τοῖς τῆς θεολογίας ἤδη προσβῶμεν λόγοις, προστησάμενοι τοῦ λόγου τὸν πατέρα, καὶ τὸν υἱόν, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος, ὥστε τὸν μὲν εὐδοκεῖν, τὸν δὲ συνεργεῖν, τὸ δὲ ἐμπνεῖν· μᾶλλον δὲ μίαν ἐκ τῆς μιᾶς θεότητος γενέσθαι τὴν ἔλλαμψιν ἑνικῶς διαιρουμένην, καὶ συναπτομένην διαιρέτως, ὃ καὶ παράδοξον.

2 Ἀνιόντι δέ μοι προθύμως ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος, ἢ τό γε ἀληθέστερον εἰπεῖν, προθυμουμένῳ τε ἅμα καὶ ἀγωνιῶντι, τὸ μὲν διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα, τὸ δὲ διὰ τὴν ἀσθένειαν, ἵνα τῆς νεφέλης εἴσω γένωμαι, καὶ θεῷ συγγένωμαι (τοῦτο γὰρ κελεύει θεός), εἰ μέν τις Ἀαρών, συνανίτω καὶ στηκέτω πλησίον, κἂν ἔξω μένειν τῆς νεφέλης δέῃ, τοῦτο δεχόμενος. εἰ δέ τις Ναδάβ, ἢ Ἀβιοὺδ, ἢ τῆς γερουσίας, ἀνίτω μέν, ἀλλὰ στηκέτω πόρρωθεν, κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν τῆς καθάρσεως. εἰ δέ τις τῶν πολλῶν καὶ ἀναξίων ὕψους τοιούτου καὶ θεωρίας, εἰ μὲν ἄναγνος πάντῃ, μηδὲ προσίτω, οὐ γὰρ ἀσφαλές· εἰ δὲ πρόσκαιρα γοῦν ἡγνισμένος, κάτω μενέτω, καὶ μόνης ἀκουέτω τῆς φωνῆς καὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος, τῶν ψιλῶν τῆς εὐσεβείας ῥημάτων· καπνιζόμενόν τε τὸ ὄρος βλεπέτω καὶ καταστραπτόμενον, ἀπειλήν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ θαῦμα τοῖς ἀνιέναι μὴ δυναμένοις. εἰ δέ τις θηρίον ἐστὶ πονηρὸν καὶ ἀνήμερον καὶ ἀνεπίδεκτον πάντῃ λόγων θεωρίας καὶ θεολογίας, μὴ ἐμφωλευέτω ταῖς ὕλαις κακούργως καὶ κακοηθῶς, ἵνα τινὸς λάβηται δόγματος ἢ ῥήματος, ἀθρόως προσπηδῆσαν, καὶ σπαράξῃ τοὺς ὑγιαίνοντας λόγους ταῖς ἐπηρείαις, ἀλλ' ἔτι πόρρωθεν στη κέτω, καὶ ἀποχωρείτω τοῦ ὄρους, ἢ λιθοβοληθήσεται, καὶ συν τριβήσεται, καὶ ἀπολεῖται κακῶς κακός· λίθοι γὰρ τοῖς θηριώδεσιν οἱ ἀληθεῖς λόγοι καὶ στερροί. εἴτε πάρδαλις εἴη, συναποθνησκέτω τοῖς ποικίλμασιν. εἴτε λέων ἁρπάζων καὶ ὠρυόμενος καὶ ζητῶν ἥντινα βρῶσιν ποιήσεται τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν ἢ λέξεων· εἴτε σῦς καταπατῶν τοὺς καλούς τε καὶ διαυγεῖς μαργαρίτας τῆς ἀληθείας· εἴτε λύκος Ἀραβικὸς καὶ ἀλλόφυλος, ἢ καὶ τούτων ὀξύτερος τοῖς σοφίσμασιν· εἴτε ἀλώπηξ, δολερά τις ψυχὴ καὶ ἄπιστος, καὶ ἄλλοτε ἄλλη, τοῖς καιροῖς καὶ ταῖς χρείαις συμμορφουμένη, ἣν νεκρὰ τρέφει καὶ ὀδωδότα σώματα, ἢ ἀμπελῶνες μικροί, τῶν μεγάλων διαπεφευγότων· εἴτε τι ἄλλο τῶν ὠμοβόρων, καὶ ἀποβλήτων τῷ νόμῳ, καὶ οὐ καθαρῶν εἰς βρῶσίν τε καὶ ἀπόλαυσιν. βούλεται γὰρ τούτων ἀποχωρήσας ὁ λόγος οὕτω πλαξὶ στερραῖς καὶ λιθίναις ἐγγράφεσθαι, καὶ ταύταις ἀμφοτέρωθεν, διά τε τὸ φαινόμενον τοῦ νόμου καὶ τὸ κρυπτόμενον· τὸ μὲν τοῖς πολλοῖς καὶ κάτω μένουσι, τὸ δὲ τοῖς ὀλίγοις καὶ ἄνω φθάνουσιν.

3 Τί τοῦτο ἔπαθον, ὦ φίλοι καὶ μύσται καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας συνερασταί; ἔτρεχον μὲν ὡς θεὸν καταληψόμενος, καὶ οὕτως ἀνῆλθον ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος, καὶ τὴν νεφέλην διέσχον, εἴσω γενόμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ὕλης καὶ τῶν ὑλικῶν, καὶ εἰς ἐμαυτὸν ὡς οἷόν τε συστραφείς. ἐπεὶ δὲ προσέβλεψα, μόλις εἶδον θεοῦ τὰ ὀπίσθια· καὶ τοῦτο τῇ πέτρᾳ