1

Homilia i de sancta Maria deipara (homilia 5)

Of Hesychius, presbyter of Jerusalem, on the holy Mary the Theotokos

1 Every grateful tongue rightly greets the virgin and God-bearer and imitates Gabriel, the chief of the angels, as much as possible. One tells her to rejoice, another addresses her with "the Lord from you," because of the Lord who was born from her and appeared in the flesh to the race of men. This one calls her Mother of light, that one Star of life, another addresses her as Throne of God, another Temple greater than heaven, another a Seat no less than the seat of the cherubim, another again an unsown, fruitful, uncultivated Garden, a Vine with fine clusters, flourishing, untouched, a pure Turtledove, an undefiled Dove, a Cloud that conceives the rain without corruption, a Pouch whose pearl is brighter than the sun, a Mine from which the stone covering the whole earth comes forth though no one quarries it, a Merchant ship full of cargo and needing no pilot, a wealth-giving Treasure. And others likewise a Lamp without a mouth, kindling from itself, an Ark wider, longer, and more glorious than that of Noah; that one was an ark of animals, but this one of life; that one of perishable animals, but this one of imperishable life; that one carried Noah, but this one carried Noah's maker; that one had two and three stories, but this one the whole fullness of the Trinity, since the Spirit visited, the Father overshadowed, and the Son dwelt within, being carried in the womb; "For the Holy Spirit," he says, "will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God." You see how great and magnificent is the dignity of the virgin Theotokos. For the only-begotten Son of God, the creator of the world, was carried by her as a babe, and he refashioned Adam and sanctified Eve and destroyed the dragon and opened paradise and secured the seal of her womb. Rightly so and according to reason, each of these; for he opened paradise, since he was about to bring in a thief and to lead by the hand into it all the heirs of the kingdom. He secured the seal of her womb, for being God and the incarnate Word, he in no way needed doors for his entrance or his exit.

2 To you, then, O virgin, the prophets apportion praises, and each of the God-bearers speaks of the mysteries of the wonders with which he was entrusted. One calls you the Rod of Jesse, to signify the inviolable and unbending nature of your virginity. Another compares you to the bush that was burning but not consumed, to signify the flesh of the only-begotten and the virgin Theotokos; for she burned and was not consumed, since she gave birth and did not open the womb, she conceived and did not corrupt the uterus, she brought forth the infant and left the belly sealed, she supplied milk and kept her breasts untouched, she carried a child and knew not the child's father, she became a mother and did not become a bride. A son was nourished and a father was not found; the field bore fruit and the fruit had no farmer, it yielded a harvest and did not receive seed; a river ran and the spring was closed on all sides, as an indication that you both became a mother and did not suffer the things of mothers; you gave birth as a woman and were not corrupted as a woman; you carried a child according to the law of nature, since you awaited the appointed time of labor pains; but yet you also conceived against the law of nature. Another called you a closed Gate, situated in the east, and bringing in the king while the doors were closed. Thus indeed also bringing him forth

1

Homilia i de sancta Maria deipara (homilia 5)

Ησυχίου, πρεσβυτέρου Ἱεροσολύμων, εἰς τὴν ἁγίαν Μαρίαν τὴν θεοτόκον

1 Πᾶσα μὲν εὐγνώμων γλῶττα τὴν παρθένον εἰκότως καὶ θεο τόκον

ἀσπάζεται καὶ τὸν Γαβριὴλ μιμεῖται τὸν ἄρχοντα τῶν ἀγγέλων εἰς δύναμιν. Καὶ ὁ μὲν αὐτῇ χαίρειν λέγει, ὁ δὲ «Κύριος ἐκ σοῦ» προσφωνεῖ, διὰ τὸν ἐξ αὐτῆς τεχθέντα καὶ μετὰ σαρκὸς τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιφανέντα κύριον. Οὗτος αὐτὴν Μητέρα φωτὸς ἐπονομάζει, ἐκεῖνος Ἀστέρα ζωῆς, ἄλλος Θρόνον προσαγορεύει θεοῦ, ἄλλος Ναὸν οὐρανοῦ μείζονα, ἕτερος Καθέδραν τῆς τῶν χερουβικῶν καθέδρας οὐκ ἐλάττονα, ἕτερος πάλιν Κῆπον ἄσπορον, εὔφορον, ἀγεώργητον, Ἄμπελον εὔβοτρυν, εὐθαλῆ, ἀψηλάφητον, Τρυγόνα καθαράν, Περιστερὰν ἀμίαντον, Νεφέλην τὸν ὑετὸν χωρὶς φθορᾶς συλλαμβάνουσαν, Πήραν ἧς ὁ μαργαρίτης τοῦ ἡλίου λαμπρότερος, Μέταλλον ἐξ οὗ ὁ λίθος ὅλην καλύπτων τὴν γῆν οὐδενὸς αὐτὸν λατομοῦντος προέρχεται, Ὁλ κάδα φόρτου γέμουσαν καὶ κυβερνήτου μὴ χρῄζουσαν, Θησαυρὸν πλουτοποιόν. Ἄλλοι δὲ ὁμοίως ἄστομον Λυχνίαν ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς ἅπτουσαν, Κιβωτὸν τῆς τοῦ Νῶε πλατυτέραν, εὐμηκεστέραν, ἐν δοξοτέραν· ἐκείνη ζῴων κιβωτός, αὕτη δὲ ζωῆς· ἐκείνη ζῴων φθαρτῶν, αὕτη δὲ ἀφθάρτου ζωῆς· ἐκείνη τὸν Νῶε, αὕτη δὲ τοῦ Νῶε τὸν ποιητὴν ἐβάστασεν· ἐκείνη διώροφα καὶ τριώροφα ἐκέκτητο, αὕτη δὲ ὅλον τῆς Τριάδος τὸ πλήρωμα, ἐπειδήπερ καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐπεδήμει καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐπεσκίασε καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ἐνεσκήνου κυοφορούμενος· «Πνεῦμα γὰρ ἅγιον», φησίν, «ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ δύναμις ὑψίστου ἐπισκιάσει σοι. ∆ιὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον ἅγιον κληθήσεται υἱὸς θεοῦ.» Ὁρᾷς ὅσον τὸ τῆς θεοτόκου παρ θένου καὶ πηλίκον ἀξίωμα. Ὁ γὰρ μονογενὴς υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ τοῦ κόσμου ποιητής, ὡς βρέφος παρ' αὐτῆς ἐβαστάζετο, καὶ τὸν Ἀδὰμ ἀνέπλασε καὶ τὴν Εὔαν ἡγίασε καὶ κατήργει τὸν δρά κοντα καὶ τὸν παράδεισον ἤνοιγε καὶ τὴν σφραγῖδα τῆς γαστρὸς ἠσφαλίζετο. Εἰκότως σφόδρα καὶ κατὰ λόγον, ἑκάτερον· τὸν γὰρ παράδεισον ἤνοιγεν, ἐπειδὴ λῃστὴν εἰσφέρειν καὶ πάντας εἰς αὐτὸν χειραγωγεῖν τοὺς κληρονόμους τῆς βασιλείας ἤμελλε. Τὴν σφραγῖδα τῆς γαστρὸς ἠσφαλίζετο, θεὸς καὶ Λόγος ὑπάρχων ὁ σαρκούμενος οὐδαμῶς θύρας πρὸς τὴν εἴσοδον ἢ τὴν ἔξοδον ἔχρῃζε.

2 Σοὶ μὲν οὖν, ὦ παρθένε, τοὺς ἐπαίνους οἱ προφῆται μερί ζονται, καὶ λέγει τῶν θεοφόρων ἕκαστος ὅσα τῶν θαυμάτων ἐπι στεύθη μυστήρια. Καὶ ὁ μέν σε Ῥάβδον Ἰεσσαὶ καλεῖ, ἵνα τὸ ἄτρωτον καὶ ἀκαμπὲς τῆς παρθενίας αἰνίξηται. Ὁ δὲ Βάτῳ παραβάλ λει καιομένῃ καὶ μὴ κατακαιομένῃ, ἵνα τὴν σάρκα τοῦ μονογε νοῦς καὶ τὴν παρθένον τὴν θεοτόκον αἰνίξηται· ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἐκαί ετο καὶ οὐ κατεκαίετο, ἐπειδήπερ ἔτεκε καὶ τὴν γαστέρα οὐκ ἤνοιξεν, συνέλαβε καὶ τὴν μήτραν οὐκ ἔφθειρεν, ἐξήγαγε τὸ βρέφος καὶ τὴν κοιλίαν ἐσφραγισμένην κατέλιπεν, ἐχορήγησε γάλα καὶ τοὺς μασθοὺς ἀψηλαφήτους ἐφύλαξεν, ἐβάστασε παιδίον καὶ τοῦ παι δίου πατέρα οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν, ἐγένετο μήτηρ καὶ οὐκ ἐγένετο νύμφη. Υἱὸς ἐτρέφετο καὶ πατὴρ οὐχ ηὑρίσκετο· ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκαρποφόρει καὶ ὁ καρπὸς γεωργὸν οὐκ ἐκέκτητο, θέρος ἀπέδωκε καὶ σπόρον οὐκ ἐδέξατο· ποταμὸς ἔτρεχε καὶ ἡ πηγὴ πανταχόθεν ἐκέ κλειστο, εἰς ἔνδειξιν ὅτι καὶ μήτηρ ἐγένου καὶ τὰ μητέρων οὐκ ἔπαθες· ἔτεκες ὡς γυνὴ καὶ οὐκ ἐφθάρης ὡς γυνή· κατὰ νόμον ἐκυοφόρεις τῆς φύσεως, ἐπειδὴ τὸν τεταγμένον καιρὸν τῶν ὠδίνων ἀνέμενες· ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ συνέλαβες παρὰ νόμον τῆς φύσεως. Ἕτερός σε Πύλην κεκλεισμένην, ἐν ἀνατολαῖς δὲ κειμένην προσηγόρευσε καὶ τὸν βασιλέα, τῶν θυρῶν κεκλει σμένων, εἰσάγουσαν. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐκφέρουσαν