2

But I am like those at sea who are perishing and are seasick from their inexperience in sailing; who are annoyed at the size of the ship, as if it were causing the great swell, and moving from there to the boat or the skiff are seasick everywhere and at a loss, for their nausea and bile go along with them. So is our situation something of this sort. For carrying our indwelling passions about with us, we are everywhere in the midst of similar disturbances, so that we have derived no great benefit from this solitude. But what we ought to do, and from whence it would have been possible for us to keep to the footprints of Him who guided us to salvation: “For, he says, ‘If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me,’” these are the things. 2.2 It is fitting to try to keep the mind in quietness. For just as it is not possible for an eye that is constantly moving about, now glancing to the sides, now turning frequently up and down, to see the object before it clearly, but the sight must be fixed firmly on the visible object if it is to get a clear view; so also it is impossible for a human mind, dragged about by the countless cares of the world, to gaze intently upon the truth. But the one not yet yoked by the bonds of marriage is agitated by raging desires and uncontrollable impulses and certain unhappy loves, while the one already bound to a spouse is awaited by another turmoil of cares: in childlessness, the desire for children; in the possession of children, the anxiety of raising them, the guarding of a wife, the care of the household, the management of servants, losses in contracts, quarrels with neighbors, entanglements in the courts, the dangers of commerce, the toils of agriculture. Every day comes bringing its own obscuring of the soul, and the nights, taking over the cares of the day, deceive the mind with the same phantoms. And there is one flight from these things: separation from the whole world. But withdrawal from the world is not to be outside of it physically, but to tear the soul away from its sympathy with the body and to become without city, without home, without possessions, without friends, without property, without livelihood, without business, without dealings, ignorant of human teachings, ready to receive in the heart the impressions produced by divine instruction. And the preparation of the heart is the unlearning of the doctrines that have preoccupied it from evil habit. For it is not possible to write on wax without first smoothing out the characters lying upon it, nor to impart divine dogmas to a soul without removing its preconceptions from habit. To this end, solitude provides us the greatest benefit, calming our passions and giving reason the leisure to cut them out of the soul completely. For just as wild beasts are easy to overcome when they have been soothed, so desires and angers and fears and griefs, the venomous evils of the soul, being calmed by quietness and not provoked by continuous irritation, become easier to overcome by the power of reason. Let the place, therefore, be such as ours is, free from the company of men, so that the continuity of our training may not be interrupted by anything from without. And the practice of piety nourishes the soul with divine thoughts. What then is more blessed than to imitate on earth the choir of angels; from the very beginning of the day to rush to prayers, to honor the Creator with hymns and songs, then, when the sun shines brightly, turning to our tasks, with prayer accompanying us everywhere, and to season our labors with hymns as if with salt? For the consolations of the hymns bestow a cheerful and griefless state of the soul. Quietness, therefore, is the beginning of purification for the soul, with the tongue not speaking of the things of men, nor the eyes gazing at the fair complexions and proportions of bodies, nor the hearing relaxing the tone of the soul with melodies composed for pleasure, nor with witty and laughable words

2

Ἀλλ' ὅμοιός εἰμι τοῖς ἐν θαλάσσῃ ὑπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὸν πλοῦν ἀπειρίας ἀπολλυμένοις καὶ ναυτιῶσιν· οἳ τῷ μεγέθει τοῦ πλοίου δυσχεραίνουσιν, ὡς πολὺν τὸν σάλον παρεχο μένῳ, κἀκεῖθεν ἐπὶ τὸν λέμβον ἢ τὸ ἀκάτιον μεταβαίνοντες πανταχοῦ ναυτιῶσι καὶ ἀποροῦνται, συμμετέρχεται γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀηδία καὶ ἡ χολή. Τοιοῦτον οὖν τι καὶ τὸ ἡμέ τερον. Τὰ γὰρ ἔνοικα πάθη συμπεριφέροντες πανταχοῦ μετὰ τῶν ὁμοίων θορύβων ἐσμέν, ὥστε οὐδὲν μέγα τῆς ἐρημίας ἀπωνάμεθα ταύτης. Ἃ μέντοι ποιεῖν ἔδει καὶ ὅθεν ὑπῆρξεν ἂν ἡμῖν τῶν ἰχνῶν ἔχεσθαι τοῦ πρὸς σωτη ρίαν καθηγησαμένου· «Εἴ τις γάρ, φησί, θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν, ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι», ταῦτά ἐστιν. 2.2 Ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ τὸν νοῦν ἔχειν πειρᾶσθαι προσήκει. Ὡς γὰρ ὀφθαλμὸν περιαγόμενον συνεχῶς καὶ νῦν μὲν ἐπὶ τὰ πλάγια περιφερόμενον, νῦν δὲ πρὸς τὰ ἄνω καὶ κάτω πυκνὰ μεταστρεφόμενον, ἰδεῖν ἐναργῶς τὸ ὑποκείμενον οὐχ οἷόν τε, ἀλλὰ χρὴ προσερεισθῆναι τὴν ὄψιν τῷ ὁρατῷ, εἰ μέλλοι ἐναργῆ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν θέαν· οὕτω καὶ νοῦν ἀνθρώπου, ὑπὸ μυρίων τῶν κατὰ τὸν κόσμον φροντίδων περιελκόμενον, ἀμήχανον ἐναργῶς ἐνατενίσαι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ. Ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν οὔπω τοῖς δεσμοῖς τοῦ γάμου κατεζευγμένον λυσσώδεις ἐπιθυμίαι καὶ ὁρμαὶ δυσκάθεκτοι καὶ ἔρωτές τινες δυσέρωτες ἐκταράσσουσι, τὸν δὲ ἤδη συγκατειργ μένον ὁμοζύγῳ ἕτερος θόρυβος τῶν φροντίδων ἐκδέχεται· ἐν ἀπαιδίᾳ, παίδων ἐπιθυμία· ἐν τῇ κτήσει τῶν παίδων, παιδοτροφίας μέριμνα γυναικὸς φυλακή, οἴκου ἐπιμέλεια, οἰκετῶν προστασίαι, αἱ κατὰ τὰ συμβόλαια βλάβαι, οἱ πρὸς τοὺς γείτονας διαπληκτισμοί, αἱ ἐν τοῖς δικαστη ρίοις συμπλοκαί, τῆς ἐμπορίας οἱ κίνδυνοι, αἱ τῆς γεωργίας διαπονήσεις. Πᾶσα ἡμέρα ἰδίαν ἥκει φέρουσα τῆς ψυχῆς ἐπισκότησιν, καὶ αἱ νύκτες, τὰς μεθημερινὰς φροντίδας παραλαμβάνουσαι, ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς φαντασίαις ἐξαπατῶσι τὸν νοῦν. Τούτων δὲ φυγὴ μία, ὁ χωρισμὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου παντός. Κόσμου δὲ ἀναχώρησις οὐ τὸ ἔξω αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι σωματικῶς, ἀλλὰ τῆς πρὸς τὸ σῶμα συμ παθείας τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπορρῆξαι καὶ γενέσθαι ἄπολιν, ἄοικον, ἀνίδιον, ἀφιλέταιρον, ἀκτήμονα, ἄβιον, ἀπράγ μονα, ἀσυνάλλακτον, ἀμαθῆ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων διδαγμάτων, ἕτοιμον ὑποδέξασθαι τῇ καρδίᾳ τὰς ἐκ τῆς θείας διδασκα λίας ἐγγινομένας τυπώσεις. Ἑτοιμασία δὲ καρδίας ἡ ἀπομάθησις τῶν ἐκ πονηρᾶς συνηθείας προκατασχόντων αὐτὴν διδαγμάτων. Οὔτε γὰρ ἐν κηρῷ γράψαι δυνατὸν μὴ προκαταλεάναντα τοὺς ἐναποκειμένους χαρακτῆρας, οὔτε ψυχῇ δόγματα θεῖα παραθέσθαι μὴ τὰς ἐκ τοῦ ἔθους προλήψεις αὐτῆς ἐξελόντα. Πρὸς δὴ τοῦτο μέγιστον ὄφελος ἡμῖν ἡ ἐρημία παρέχεται, κατευνάζουσα ἡμῶν τὰ πάθη καὶ σχολὴν διδοῦσα τῷ λόγῳ παντελῶς αὐτὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκτεμεῖν. Ὡς γὰρ τὰ θηρία εὐκαταγώνιστά ἐστι καταψηχθέντα, οὕτως ἐπιθυμίαι καὶ ὀργαὶ καὶ φόβοι καὶ λύπαι, τὰ ἰοβόλα τῆς ψυχῆς κακά, κατευνασθέντα διὰ τῆς ἡσυχίας καὶ μὴ ἐξαγριαινόμενα τῷ συνεχεῖ ἐρεθισμῷ, εὐκαταγωνιστότερα τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ λόγου γίνεται. Ἔστω τοίνυν τὸ χωρίον τοιοῦτον οἷόν περ ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ἡμέτερον, ἐπιμιξίας ἀνθρώπων ἀπηλλαγμένον, ὡς ὑπὸ μηδενὸς τῶν ἔξωθεν τὸ συνεχὲς τῆς ἀσκήσεως διακόπτεσθαι. Ἄσκησις δὲ εὐσεβείας τὴν ψυχὴν τρέφει τοῖς θείοις διανοήμασι. Τί οὖν μακαριώτερον τοῦ τὴν ἀγγέλων χορείαν ἐν γῇ μιμεῖσ θαι· εὐθὺς μὲν ἀρχομένης ἡμέρας εἰς εὐχὰς ὁρμῶντα ὕμνοις καὶ ᾠδαῖς γεραίρειν τὸν κτίσαντα, εἶτα ἡλίου καθαρῶς λάμψαντος ἐπ' ἔργα τρεπόμενον, πανταχοῦ αὐτῷ τῆς εὐχῆς συμπαρούσης, καὶ τῶν ὕμνων ὥσπερ ἅλατι παραρτύειν τὰς ἐργασίας; Τὸ γὰρ ἱλαρὸν καὶ ἄλυπον τῆς ψυχῆς κατάστημα αἱ τῶν ὕμνων παρηγορίαι χαρίζονται. Ἡσυχία οὖν ἀρχὴ καθάρσεως τῇ ψυχῇ, μήτε γλώττης λαλούσης τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, μήτε ὀφθαλμῶν εὐχροίας σωμά των καὶ συμμετρίας περισκοπούντων, μήτε ἀκοῆς τὸν τόνον τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκλυούσης ἐν ἀκροάμασι μελῶν πρὸς ἡδονὴν πεποιημένων, μήτε ἐν ῥήμασιν εὐτραπέλων καὶ γελοιασ τῶν