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of the whole, but in keeping with their initial ignorance, they drew the subsequent conclusions. For this reason, some fled to material hypotheses, assigning the cause of the universe to the elements of the world; while others imagined that atoms and indivisible bodies, and masses and pores hold together the nature of visible things. For generations and corruptions occur, now with the indivisible bodies coming together with each other, now being rearranged; and for more enduring bodies, the stronger entanglement of atoms provides the cause of their permanence. Truly those who write these things weave a spider's web, those who posit such flimsy and unsubstantial principles for heaven and earth and sea. For they did not know how to say, In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth. For this reason they were deceived by the godlessness dwelling in them into thinking that the universe is ungoverned and unadministered, carried along as by chance. So that we might not suffer this, the one who wrote of the creation of the world immediately in the first words illuminated our minds with the name of God, saying, In the beginning God made. What a good order! First he placed a beginning, so that some might not think it to be without a beginning. Then he added, "He made," so that it might be shown that what was made is the smallest part of the Creator's power. For just as the potter, having fashioned countless vessels from the same art, has exhausted neither his art nor his power; so also the creator of this universe, not having a creative power commensurate with one world, but surpassing it infinitely, by the inclination of His will alone brought into being the magnitudes of the things that are seen. If, therefore, the world both has a beginning and has been made, seek who it is that gave it a beginning, and who is the maker? Or rather, lest in seeking with human reasonings you be turned aside somewhere from the truth, He anticipated you with His teaching, as it were impressing a seal and a protective charm upon our souls, the precious name of God, saying, In the beginning God made. The blessed nature, the ungrudging goodness, that which is beloved by all who have a share of reason, the much-desired beauty, the beginning of beings, the fount of life, the intellectual light, the unapproachable wisdom, this One made in the beginning the heaven and the earth. 1.3 Do not then imagine, O man, that visible things are without a beginning, nor, because the things that move in the heavens revolve in a circle, and the beginning of the circle is not easily grasped by our ready sense, should you think the nature of the circularly-moving bodies to be without a beginning. For neither this circle, I mean the plane figure contained by one line, because it escapes our perception, and we can discover neither whence it began, nor where it ended, should we already assume it to be without a beginning. But even if it escapes our perception, in truth he who described it with a center and a certain radius surely began from some point. So also you, do not, because the things that move in a circle converge on themselves, let the smoothness of their motion, and its not being interrupted by any interval, leave in you the error that the world is without beginning and without end. For the fashion of this world passes away. And, Heaven and earth shall pass away. A proclamation beforehand of the dogmas concerning the consummation and concerning the transformation of the world, things which are now delivered in brief according to the elementary instruction of the divinely inspired teaching. In the beginning God made. Those things that have begun in time must of all necessity also be consummated in time. If it has a beginning in time, do not doubt concerning its end. For geometries and arithmetical methods, and the treatises concerning solids, and the much-vaunted astronomy, that busy vanity, to what end do they lead? If those who have busied themselves with these things have thought this visible world to be co-eternal with God the creator of all, raising to the same glory that which is circumscribed and has a material body, with the incomprehensible and invisible nature, not even being able to conceive this much, that that whose parts are subject to corruption and change

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τῶν ὅλων οὐ συνεχώρησαν, ἀλλ' οἰκείως τῇ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀγνοίᾳ τὰ ἐφεξῆς συνεπέραναν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τὰς ὑλικὰς ὑποθέσεις κατέφυγον, τοῖς τοῦ κόσμου στοιχείοις τὴν αἰτίαν τοῦ παντὸς ἀναθέντες· οἱ δὲ ἄτομα καὶ ἀμερῆ σώματα, καὶ ὄγκους καὶ πόρους συνέχειν τὴν φύσιν τῶν ὁρατῶν ἐφαντάσθησαν. Νῦν μὲν γὰρ συνιόντων ἀλλήλοις τῶν ἀμερῶν σωμάτων, νῦν δὲ μετασυγκρινομένων, τὰς γενέσεις καὶ τὰς φθορὰς ἐπιγίνεσθαι· καὶ τῶν διαρκεσ τέρων σωμάτων τὴν ἰσχυροτέραν τῶν ἀτόμων ἀντεμπλοκὴν τῆς διαμονῆς τὴν αἰτίαν παρέχειν. Ὄντως ἱστὸν ἀράχνης ὑφαίνουσιν οἱ ταῦτα γράφοντες, οἱ οὕτω λεπτὰς καὶ ἀνυπο στάτους ἀρχὰς οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης ὑποτιθέμενοι. Οὐ γὰρ ᾔδεσαν εἰπεῖν, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἀκυβέρνητα καὶ ἀδιοίκητα εἶναι τὰ σύμπαντα, ὡς ἂν τύχῃ φερόμενα, ὑπὸ τῆς ἐνοικούσης αὐτοῖς ἀθεότητος ἠπατήθησαν. Ὅπερ ἵνα μὴ πάθωμεν ἡμεῖς, ὁ τὴν κοσμοποιίαν συγγράφων εὐθὺς ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις ῥήμασι τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν διάνοιαν ἡμῶν κατεφώ τισεν, εἰπὼν, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός. Τί καλὴ ἡ τάξις; Ἀρχὴν πρῶτον ἐπέθηκεν, ἵνα μὴ ἄναρχον αὐτὸν οἰηθῶσί τινες. Εἶτα ἐπήγαγε τὸ, Ἐποίησεν, ἵνα δειχθῇ, ὅτι ἐλάχιστον μέρος τῆς τοῦ δημιουργοῦ δυνάμεώς ἐστι τὸ ποιηθέν. Ὡς γὰρ ὁ κεραμεὺς ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς τέχνης μυρία διαπλάσας σκεύη, οὔτε τὴν τέχνην οὔτε δύναμιν ἐξανάλωσεν· οὕτω καὶ ὁ τοῦ παντὸς τούτου δημιουργὸς, οὐχ ἑνὶ κόσμῳ σύμμε τρον τὴν ποιητικὴν ἔχων δύναμιν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ ἀπειροπλάσιον ὑπερβαίνουσαν, τῇ ῥοπῇ τοῦ θελήματος μόνῃ εἰς τὸ εἶναι παρήγαγε τὰ μεγέθη τῶν ὁρωμένων. Εἰ οὖν καὶ ἀρχὴν ἔχει ὁ κόσμος, καὶ πεποίηται, ζήτει, τίς ὁ τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτῷ δοὺς, καὶ τίς ὁ ποιητής; Μᾶλλον δὲ, ἵνα μὴ ἀνθρωπίνοις λογισμοῖς ἐκζητῶν παρατραπῇς που τῆς ἀληθείας, προέφθασε τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, οἱονεὶ σφραγῖδα καὶ φυλακτήριον ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἡμῶν ἐμβαλὼν τὸ πολυτίμητον ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὼν, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός. Ἡ μακαρία φύσις, ἡ ἄφθονος ἀγαθότης, τὸ ἀγαπητὸν πᾶσι τοῖς λόγου μετειλη φόσι, τὸ πολυπόθητον κάλλος, ἡ ἀρχὴ τῶν ὄντων, ἡ πηγὴ τῆς ζωῆς, τὸ νοερὸν φῶς, ἡ ἀπρόσιτος σοφία, οὗτος Ἐποίησεν ἐν ἀρχῇ τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν. 1.3 Μὴ οὖν ἄναρχα φαντάζου, ἄνθρωπε, τὰ ὁρώμενα, μηδὲ, ἐπειδὴ κυκλόσε περιτρέχει τὰ κατ' οὐρανὸν κινούμενα, ἡ δὲ τοῦ κύκλου ἀρχὴ τῇ προχείρῳ αἰσθήσει ἡμῶν οὐκ εὔληπτος, ἄναρχον εἶναι νομίσῃς τῶν κυκλοφορικῶν σωμάτων τὴν φύσιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ κύκλος οὗτος, τὸ ἐπίπεδον λέγω σχῆμα τὸ ὑπὸ μιᾶς γραμμῆς περιεχόμενον, ἐπειδὴ διαφεύγει τὴν ἡμετέραν αἴσθησιν, καὶ οὔτε ὅθεν ἤρξατο ἐξευρεῖν δυνάμεθα, οὔτε εἰς ὃ κατέληξεν, ἤδη καὶ ἄναρχον αὐτὸν ὀφείλομεν ὑποτίθεσθαι. Ἀλλὰ κἂν τὴν αἴσθησιν διαφεύγῃ, τῇ γε ἀληθείᾳ πάντως ἀπό τινος ἤρξατο ὁ κέντρῳ καὶ διαστήματί τινι περιγράψας αὐτόν. Οὕτω καὶ σὺ μὴ, ἐπειδὴ εἰς ἑαυτὰ συννεύει τὰ κύκλῳ κινούμενα, τὸ τῆς κινήσεως αὐτῶν ὁμαλὸν, καὶ μηδενὶ μέσῳ διακοπτόμενον, τὴν τοῦ ἄναρχον τὸν κόσμον καὶ ἀτελεύτητον εἶναί σοι πλάνην ἐγκαταλίπῃ. Παράγει γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου. Καὶ, Ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσονται. Προαναφώνησις τῶν περὶ συντελείας δογμάτων καὶ περὶ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου μεταποιήσεως, τὰ νῦν ἐν βραχέσι κατὰ τὴν στοιχείωσιν τῆς θεοπνεύστου διδασκαλίας παραδιδόμενα. Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός. Τὰ ἀπὸ χρόνου ἀρξάμενα πᾶσα ἀνάγκη καὶ ἐν χρόνῳ συντελεσθῆναι. Εἰ ἀρχὴν ἔχει χρονικὴν, μὴ ἀμφιβάλῃς περὶ τοῦ τέλους. Γεωμετρίαι γὰρ καὶ ἀριθμητικαὶ μέθοδοι, καὶ αἱ περὶ τῶν στερεῶν πραγματεῖαι, καὶ ἡ πολυθρύλλητος ἀστρονομία, ἡ πολυάσχολος ματαιότης, πρὸς ποῖον καταστρέφουσι τέλος; Εἴπερ οἱ περὶ ταῦτα ἐσπου δακότες συναΐδιον εἶναι τῷ κτίστῃ τῶν ὅλων Θεῷ καὶ τὸν ὁρώμενον τοῦτον κόσμον διενοήθησαν, πρὸς τὴν αὐτὴν δόξαν ἀγαγόντες τὸν περιγεγραμμένον καὶ σῶμα ἔχοντα ὑλικὸν, τῇ ἀπεριλήπτῳ καὶ ἀοράτῳ φύσει, μηδὲ τοσοῦτον δυνη θέντες ἐννοηθῆναι, ὅτι οὗ τὰ μέρη φθοραῖς καὶ ἀλλοιώσεσιν