2

to have a seat at the right hand, until the subjugation of his enemies. But what after this? To cease from his kingdom, or to be thrust from the heavens? By whose stopping him? Or for what reason? You are a bold interpreter, and very insubordinate. And yet you hear that of his kingdom there is no end. But you suffer this from not knowing that the word "until" is not in all cases contrasted with what is to come, but it establishes what is up to that point, while not denying what comes after it. Or how will you understand, not to mention other things, the words: I will be with you until the end of the age? As though after this he will be with you no longer? And what is the sense in that? Not only this, but also from not distinguishing the meanings. For he is said to reign in one sense, as the Almighty, and King both of the willing and the unwilling; but in another, as working our subjection, and placing us under his own kingdom, as we willingly accept to be ruled. Of the kingdom understood in the former sense, then, there will be no end. But of the second, what? The taking us in hand and saving us. For what need is there to bring about subjection among those already subjected? After which he rises up to judge the earth, and to distinguish the saved and the lost; after which he stands as God in the midst of gods, that is, of the saved, discriminating and distinguishing of what honor and mansion each is worthy. 5 To this connect also the subjection by which you subject the Son to the Father. What, you say, as though he is not now subjected? And does he, being God, need to be subjected to God at all? You speak of him as if of some robber or adversary of God. But consider it this way: that just as he was called a curse for my sake, he who looses my curse; and sin, he who takes away the sin of the world; and a new Adam is made in place of the old; so also he makes my disobedience his own, as the Head of the whole body. Therefore, as long as I am disobedient and rebellious, both by denial of God and by passions, Christ also is said to be disobedient on my account. But when all things are subjected to him, —and they will be subjected by knowledge and transformation, —then he too will have fulfilled his subjection, by bringing me, who am saved, to him. For this is the subjection of Christ, according to my reasoning, the fulfillment of the Father's will. And the Son subjects to the Father, and the Father to the Son; the one working, the other well-pleasing, which we have also said before. And so he who subjected them presents to God what has been subjected, making what is ours his own. Of this sort seems to me also the passage: My God, my God, attend to me, why have you forsaken me? For he was not himself forsaken, either by the Father, or by his own divinity, as some think, as if it feared the passion, and therefore shrank from the sufferer. For who compelled him either to be born on earth at the beginning, or to ascend the cross? But in himself, as I said, he represents what is ours. For we were the ones formerly forsaken and overlooked, but are now taken up and saved by the sufferings of the impassible one; just as he also makes our folly and sin his own in what he says later in the psalm; since the twenty-first psalm manifestly refers to Christ.

6 And of the same contemplation is his learning obedience from what he suffered, and his cry, and his tears, and his supplication, and his being heard, and his piety. which are wonderfully dramatized and woven together on our behalf. For as the Word, he was neither obedient nor disobedient. For these things belong to subjects, and those in a second rank; the one of the more right-minded, the other of those worthy of punishment. But as the form of a servant, he condescends to his fellow-servants and slaves, and takes on a form not his own, bearing all of me in himself with all that is mine, that in himself he might consume what is worse, as fire does wax, or as the sun does the vapor of the earth, and that I might partake of what is his through the union. For this reason he honors obedience in deed, and tests it through suffering. For disposition is not sufficient, just as it is not for us, unless we also advance through actions. For action is the proof of disposition. But perhaps it is not worse to suppose this too, that he tests the

2

δεξιῶν καθέδραν ἔχειν, ἕως τῆς τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἐπικρατήσεως. τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο δὲ τί; λῆξαι τῆς βασιλείας, ἢ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀποσθῆναι; τίνος παύσοντος; ἢ δι' ἥν τινα τὴν αἰτίαν; ὡς τολμηρὸς ἐξηγητὴς σύ, καὶ λίαν ἀβασίλευτος. καὶ μὴν ἀκούεις τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ μὴ εἶναι πέρας. ἀλλὰ τοῦτο πάσχεις παρὰ τὸ μὴ γινώσκειν, ὅτι τὸ ἕως οὐ πάντως ἀντιδιαιρεῖται τῷ μέλλοντι, ἀλλὰ τὸ μέχρι τοῦδε μὲν τίθησι, τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἀναίνεται. ἢ πῶς νοήσεις, ἵνα μὴ τἄλλα λέγω, τό· Ἔσομαι μεθ' ὑμῶν ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος; ἆρ' ὡς μετὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔτι ἐσομένου; καὶ τίς ὁ λόγος; οὐ μόνον δέ, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τὸ μὴ διαιρεῖν τὰ σημαινόμενα. βασιλεύειν γὰρ λέγεται καθ' ἓν μέν, ὡς παντοκράτωρ, καὶ θελόντων, καὶ μή, βασιλεύς· καθ' ἕτερον δέ, ὡς ἐνεργῶν τὴν ὑποταγήν, καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν τιθεὶς ἡμᾶς, ἑκόντας δεχομένους τὸ βασιλεύεσθαι. τῆς μὲν οὖν ἐκείνως νοουμένης βασιλείας οὐκ ἔσται πέρας. τῆς δευτέρας δὲ τί; τὸ λαβεῖν ἡμᾶς ὑπὸ χεῖρα καὶ σωζομένους. τί γὰρ δεῖ τὴν ὑποταγὴν ἐνερ γεῖν ὑποτεταγμένων; μεθ' ἣν ἀνίσταται κρίνων τὴν γῆν, καὶ διαιρῶν τὸ σωζόμενον καὶ τὸ ἀπολλύμενον· μεθ' ἣν ἵσταται θεὸς ἐν μέσῳ θεῶν, τῶν σωζομένων, διακρίνων καὶ διαστέλλων, τίνος ἕκαστος τιμῆς καὶ μονῆς ἄξιος. 5 Τούτῳ σύναπτε καὶ τὴν ὑποταγήν, ἣν ὑποτάσσεις τῷ πατρὶ τὸν υἱόν. τί, λέγεις, ὡς νῦν οὐχ ὑποτεταγμένου; δεῖται δὲ ὅλως ὑπο ταγῆναι θεῷ θεὸς ὤν; ὡς περὶ λῃστοῦ τινός, ἢ ἀντιθέου, ποιῇ τὸν λόγον. ἀλλ' οὕτω σκόπει· ὅτι ὥσπερ κατάρα ἤκουσε δι' ἐμὲ ὁ τὴν ἐμὴν λύων κατάραν· καὶ ἁμαρτία ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου· καὶ Ἀδὰμ ἀντὶ τοῦ παλαιοῦ γίνεται νέος· οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἐμὸν ἀνυπό τακτον ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖται, ὡς κεφαλὴ τοῦ παντὸς σώματος. ἕως μὲν οὖν ἀνυπότακτος ἐγὼ καὶ στασιώδης, τῇ τε ἀρνήσει τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσιν, ἀνυπότακτος τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς λέγεται. ὅταν δὲ ὑποταγῇ αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα, -ὑποταγήσεται δὲ καὶ τῇ ἐπι γνώσει καὶ τῇ μεταποιήσει, -τότε καὶ αὐτὸς τὴν ὑποταγὴν πεπλή ρωκε, προσάγων ἐμὲ τὸν σεσωσμένον. τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ ὑποταγὴ Χρι στοῦ, κατά γε τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον, ἡ τοῦ πατρικοῦ θελήματος πλήρωσις. ὑποτάσσει δὲ καὶ υἱὸς πατρί, καὶ υἱῷ πατήρ· ὁ μὲν ἐνεργῶν, ὁ δὲ εὐδοκῶν, ὃ καὶ πρότερον εἴπομεν. καὶ οὕτω τὸ ὑποτεταγμένον ὁ ὑποτάξας θεῷ παρίστησιν, ἑαυτοῦ ποιούμενος τὸ ἡμέτερον. τοιοῦτον εἶναί μοι φαίνεται καὶ τό· Ὁ θεός, ὁ θεός μου, πρόσχες μοι, ἵνα τί ἐγκατέλιπές με; οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐγκαταλέλειπται, ἢ ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός, ἢ ὑπὸ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ θεότητος, ὃ δοκεῖ τισίν, ὡς ἂν φοβουμένης τὸ πάθος, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο συστελλομένης ἀπὸ τοῦ πάσχοντος. τίς γὰρ ἢ γεννηθῆναι κάτω τὴν ἀρχήν, ἢ ἐπὶ τὸν σταυρὸν ἀνελθεῖν ἠνάγκασεν; ἐν ἑαυτῷ δέ, ὅπερ εἶπον, τυποῖ τὸ ἡμέτερον. ἡμεῖς γὰρ ἦμεν οἱ ἐγκαταλελειμμένοι καὶ παρεωραμένοι πρότερον, εἶτα νῦν προσειλημμένοι καὶ σεσωσμένοι τοῖς τοῦ ἀπαθοῦς πάθεσιν· ὥσπερ καὶ τὴν ἀφροσύνην ἡμῶν καὶ τὸ πλημμελὲς οἰκειούμενος τὰ ἑξῆς διὰ τοῦ ψαλμοῦ φησίν· ἐπειδὴ προδήλως εἰς Χριστὸν ὁ εἰκοστὸς πρῶτος ψαλμὸς ἀναφέρεται.

6 Τῆς δὲ αὐτῆς ἔχεται θεωρίας καὶ τὸ μαθεῖν αὐτὸν τὴν ὑπακοὴν ἐξ ὧν ἔπαθεν, ἥ τε κραυγή, καὶ τὰ δάκρυα, καὶ τὸ ἱκετεῦσαι, καὶ τὸ εἰσακουσθῆναι, καὶ τὸ εὐλαβές. ἃ δραματουργεῖται καὶ πλέκεται θαυμασίως ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. ὡς μὲν γὰρ λόγος, οὔτε ὑπήκοος ἦν, οὔτε ἀνήκοος. τῶν γὰρ ὑπὸ χεῖρα ταῦτα, καὶ τῶν δευτέρων, τὸ μὲν τῶν εὐγνωμονεστέρων, τὸ δὲ τῶν ἀξίων κολάσεως. ὡς δὲ δούλου μορφή, συγκαταβαίνει τοῖς ὁμοδούλοις καὶ δούλοις, καὶ μορφοῦται τὸ ἀλλότριον, ὅλον ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐμὲ φέρων μετὰ τῶν ἐμῶν, ἵνα ἐν ἑαυτῷ δαπανήσῃ τὸ χεῖρον, ὡς κηρὸν πῦρ, ἢ ὡς ἀτμίδα γῆς ἥλιος, κἀγὼ μεταλάβω τῶν ἐκείνου διὰ τὴν σύγκρασιν. διὰ τοῦτο ἔργῳ τιμᾷ τὴν ὑπακοήν, καὶ πειρᾶται ταύτης ἐκ τοῦ παθεῖν. οὐ γὰρ ἱκανὸν ἡ διάθεσις, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ ἡμῖν, εἰ μὴ καὶ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων χωρήσαι μεν. ἔργον γὰρ ἀπόδειξις διαθέσεως. οὐ χεῖρον δὲ ἴσως κἀκεῖνο ὑπολαβεῖν, ὅτι δοκιμάζει τὴν