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he was not begotten, and if he was begotten, he was not, let them be taught that it is not right to apply the properties of carnal begetting to the divine nature. For bodies that do not exist are born, but God makes things that are not to be, he himself does not come to be from what is not. Wherefore Paul also names him the radiance of glory, so that we may be taught that, just as the light from 3,1.64 a lamp is both from the nature of that which radiates and is with it (for at the same time the lamp appeared and the light from it shone forth with it), so also here the apostle bids us to understand, that the Son is from the Father and the Father is never without the Son; for it is not possible for glory to be without radiance, just as it is not possible for the lamp to be without its shining. And it is clear that, just as the existence of the radiance is a testimony to the existence of the glory (for if the glory did not exist, that which radiates from it would not exist), so to say that the radiance never existed is proof that the glory did not exist either, at the time when the radiance was not; for it is impossible for glory to exist without radiance. Therefore, just as it is not possible to say of the radiance that if it was, it was not begotten, and if it was begotten, it was not, so it is foolish to say these things about the Son, because the Son is the radiance. But let those who speak of the lesser and the greater in the case of the Son and the Father be taught by Paul not to measure the immeasurable; for the apostle says the Son is the express image of the Father's substance. It is clear, therefore, that whatever the substance of the Father is, such also is the express image of the substance; for it is not possible for the express image to be less than the substance seen in it. But also the great John teaches the same things, saying that In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God. For from his saying that he was in the beginning and not after the beginning, he showed that the beginning was never 3,1.65 without the Word. And from his demonstrating that the Word was also with God, he signified the completeness of the Son in relation to the Father; for the whole Word is contemplated with the whole God. For if the Word were deficient in his own magnitude, so as not to be able to be with the whole God, it would be entirely necessary to consider that part of God which exceeds the Word to be without the Word. But indeed with all the majesty of God the majesty of the Word is contemplated. Therefore there is no place in divine doctrines for speaking of "greater" and "lesser."

But let those who say that the begotten is unlike the unbegotten in nature be taught not to be foolish from the example concerning Abel and Adam; for Adam also was not begotten according to the natural generation of men, but Abel was begotten from Adam. But indeed the one not begotten is called unbegotten and the one begotten, begotten; but nothing prevented Adam's not being begotten from being human. Nor did his begetting make Abel anything other than of human nature, but both this one and that one were human, although the one was begotten, and the other without begetting. Therefore in divine doctrines also, not being begotten and being begotten does not produce a difference of nature, but just as in the case of Adam and Abel there is one humanity, so also in the case of the Father and the Son there is one divinity. And concerning the Holy Spirit, the blasphemers say the same thing as they do concerning the Lord, that it also is created. and the church likewise as concerning the Son, so also believes 3,1.66 concerning the Holy Spirit, that it is uncreated; because all creation becomes good by participation in the goodness of the One who is above, but the Holy Spirit has no need of one who makes it good (for it is good by nature, as the scripture testifies); and that creation is guided by the Spirit, but the Spirit bestows guidance; creation is led, but the Spirit leads; creation is comforted, but the Spirit comforts; creation serves, but the Spirit sets free; creation is made wise, but the Spirit gives the grace of wisdom; creation partakes of the gifts, but the Spirit bestows them according to its own authority.

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οὐκ ἐγεννήθη, καὶ εἰ ἐγεν νήθη, οὐκ ἦν, διδαχθήτωσαν ὅτι οὐ χρὴ τὰ τῆς σαρκικῆς γεννήσεως ἰδιώματα ἐφαρμόζειν τῇ θείᾳ φύσει. σώματα μὲν γὰρ μὴ ὄντα γεννᾶται, ὁ δὲ θεὸς τὰ μὴ ὄντα εἶναι ποιεῖ, οὐκ αὐτὸς ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος γίνεται. διὸ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἀπαύγασμα δόξης αὐτὸν ὀνομάζει, ἵνα διδαχθῶμεν ὅτι, ὥσπερ τὸ ἐκ 3,1.64 τοῦ λύχνου φῶς καὶ ἐκ τῆς φύσεώς ἐστι τοῦ ἀπαυγάζοντος καὶ μετ' ἐκείνου ἐστίν (ὁμοῦ τε γὰρ ἐξεφάνη ὁ λύχνος καὶ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐξ αὐτοῦ συνεξέλαμψεν), οὕτω κελεύει καὶ ἐν ταῦθα νοεῖν ὁ ἀπόστολος, ὅτι καὶ ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς ὁ υἱὸς καὶ οὐδέποτε χωρὶς τοῦ υἱοῦ ὁ πατήρ· οὐκ ἐγχωρεῖ γὰρ ἀλαμπῆ εἶναι τὴν δόξαν, ὡς οὐκ ἐγχωρεῖ ἄνευ ἀπαυγάσματος εἶναι τὸν λύχνον. δῆλον δὲ ὅτι, ὥσπερ τὸ εἶναι ἀπαύγασμα μαρ τυρία ἐστὶ τοῦ καὶ τὴν δόξαν εἶναι (μὴ γὰρ οὔσης τῆς δόξης οὐκ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐκ ταύτης ἀπαυγαζόμενον), οὕτω τὸ λέγειν μὴ εἶναί ποτε ἀπαύγασμα ἀπόδειξίς ἐστι τοῦ μηδὲ τὴν δόξαν εἶναι, ὅτε οὐκ ἦν τὸ ἀπαύγασμα· τὴν γὰρ δόξαν ἄνευ ἀπαυγάσματος εἶναι ἀμήχανον. ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀπαυγάσματος λέγειν ὅτι εἰ ἦν, οὐκ ἐγένετο, καὶ εἰ ἐγένετο, οὐκ ἦν, οὕτω μάταιόν ἐστι περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ταῦτα λέγειν, διότι ὁ υἱός ἐστι τὸ ἀπαύγασμα. Οἱ δὲ τὸ μικρότερον καὶ τὸ μεῖζον ἐπὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς λέγοντες διδαχθήτωσαν παρὰ τοῦ Παύλου μὴ μετρεῖν τὰ ἀμέτρητα· ὁ γὰρ ἀπόστολος τὸν υἱὸν χαρακτῆρα λέγει τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς ὑποστάσεως. δῆλον οὖν ὅτι, ὅση ἂν ᾖ ἡ ὑπόστασις ἡ τοῦ πατρός, τοσοῦτος καὶ ὁ χαρακτήρ ἐστι τῆς ὑποστάσεως· οὐ γὰρ ἐνδέχεται μικρότερον εἶναι τὸν χαρακτῆρα τῆς θεωρουμένης ἐν αὐτῷ ὑποστάσεως. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ μέγας Ἰωάννης τὰ αὐτὰ διδάσκει λέγων ὅτι Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν. ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν καὶ οὐχὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀρχήν, ἔδειξεν ὅτι οὐδέποτε 3,1.65 ἄλογος ἦν ἡ ἀρχή. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἀποδεῖξαι, ὅτι καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, τὸ ἀνελλιπὲς τοῦ υἱοῦ ὡς πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἐσήμανεν· ὅλῳ γὰρ τῷ θεῷ ὅλος συνθεωρεῖται ὁ λόγος. εἰ γὰρ ἐλλιπὴς ἦν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ μεγέθει ὁ λόγος, ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι πρὸς ὅλον τὸν θεὸν εἶναι, ἀνάγκη πᾶσα ἄλογον εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ νομίζειν τὸ ὑπερεκπίπτον τοῦ λόγου. ἀλλὰ μὴν πάσῃ τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ μεγαλειότητι ἡ τοῦ λόγου μεγαλειότης συνθεωρεῖται. ἄρα οὐκ ἔχει χώραν ἐπὶ τῶν θείων δογμάτων τὸ μεῖζον λέγειν καὶ τὸ μικρότερον.

Οἱ δὲ λέγοντες τὸ γεννητὸν τῷ ἀγεννήτῳ εἶναι κατὰ τὴν φύσιν ἀνόμοιον διδαχθήτωσαν μὴ μωραίνειν ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ἄβελ καὶ τὸν Ἀδὰμ ὑποδείγματος· καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ Ἀδὰμ κατὰ τὴν φυσικὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων γέννησιν οὐκ ἐγεννήθη, ὁ δὲ Ἄβελ ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἐγεννήθη. ἀλλὰ μὴν ὁ μὴ γεννηθεὶς ἀγέννητος λέγεται καὶ ὁ γεννηθεὶς γεννητός· οὐδὲν δὲ ἐκώλυσε τὸ μὴ γεγεννῆσθαι τὸν Ἀδὰμ πρὸς τὸ ἄνθρωπον εἶναι. οὐδὲ ἡ γέννησις τὸν Ἄβελ ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν ἐποίησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὗτος ἄνθρωπος κἀκεῖνος, εἰ καὶ ὁ μὲν γεννηθεὶς ἦν, ὁ δὲ δίχα γεννήσεως. ἄρα καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θείων δογμάτων τὸ μὴ γεννηθῆναι καὶ τὸ γεννηθῆναι διαφορὰν οὐκ ἐξεργάζεται φύσεως, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ καὶ τοῦ Ἄβελ ἀνθρωπότης μία, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ θεότης μία. Καὶ περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου οἱ βλασφημοῦντες τὸ αὐτὸ λέγουσιν ὃ καὶ περὶ τοῦ κυρίου, ὅτι ἐστὶ καὶ τοῦτο κτιστόν, καὶ ἡ ἐκκλησία ἐπίσης ὡς περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ, οὕτως 3,1.66 καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος πιστεύει, ὅτι ἐστὶν ἄκτιστον· διότι πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις ἐκ τῆς τοῦ ὑπερκειμένου ἀγαθοῦ μετουσίας γίνεται ἀγαθή, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον οὐ προσδεές ἐστι τοῦ ἀγαθύνοντος (ἀγαθὸν γὰρ τῇ φύσει ἐστί, καθὼς ἡ γραφὴ μαρτυρεῖ)· καὶ ὅτι ἡ κτίσις ὁδηγεῖται παρὰ τοῦ πνεύματος, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα τὴν ὁδηγίαν χαρίζεται· ἡ κτίσις ἡγεμονεύεται, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ἡγεμονεύει· ἡ κτίσις παρακαλεῖται, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα παρακαλεῖ· ἡ κτίσις δουλεύει, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ἐλευθεροῖ· ἡ κτίσις σοφίζεται, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα τὴν τῆς σοφίας δίδωσι χάριν· ἡ κτίσις μεταλαμβάνει τῶν χαρισμάτων, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα κατ' ἐξουσίαν χαρίζεται.