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to withdraw from the kingdom for him, 5 having enjoined him not to trouble the Christians, but that he did not keep the commands, but raged against the Christians, no less than those before him, if not even more so. For he surpassed every excess of cruelty; and in addition to other causes of their differences with one another, this one also arose. Constantine therefore, having moved the army against Licinius and having joined battle with him many times, is finally victorious. Then he makes a truce with him on account of his sister, and he did not take away his rule, but on certain conditions he again conceded it to him; but he, being faithless, did not keep the agreements; whence Constantine again made war on him and, being victorious, captured both Byzantium and Chrysopolis. But Licinius fled to Nicomedia, and Constantine's sister came to him and begged on behalf of her husband that his rule be preserved for him. But when she did not get her brother to consent to this, she brought her petition concerning his safety; and she persuaded her blood-relative. Licinius approaches him in the guise of a private citizen, and is ordered to live as a private citizen in Thessaloniki. And he lived there; but the soldiers blamed the saving of Licinius, who had often appeared faithless and a violator of treaties; wherefore the decision about him was referred to the senate by the emperor's letters. Some therefore have recorded that it was granted by the senate to the soldiers to do what they thought best concerning Licinius, and that they killed him in Thessaloniki or somewhere near Serres as he was departing. But others say that not even while living in Thessaloniki did he remain quiet, but was plotting tyranny; and that Emperor Constantine, learning this, sent men to kill him. It is said that in the battles against him or against Maxentius, Constantine saw a certain horseman, armed and carrying the sign of the cross instead of a standard, and marching before his own battle line. And again in Adrianople two young men appeared to him, cutting down the phalanxes of the enemy. And near Byzantium at night, when all were sleeping, a light appeared to him, shining around the camp of his own 7 army. From these things, therefore, he was led to the thought that his good fortunes and victories came to him from God. Thus having become sole ruler, Constantine was also named Flavius and was thus styled Flavius Constantine, and he lived in Rome, not having abandoned the religion of idols, but being initiated into and already accepting the things concerning Christ. And having a sickly body and many eruptions growing from bad humors and corrupt matter, so that these were called an outrage by the physicians and likened to leprosy and their cure was despaired of, he found the priests of Jupiter on the Capitol saying that he would not obtain a cure otherwise unless he bathed in the still-steaming blood of young children. Immediately, therefore, the infants were gathered from all the land under him, and a day was appointed for their slaughter. And the emperor was then going to the Capitol to bathe in the blood of the children. But their 8 mothers, as he advanced, uttered mournful cries and wailed. Hearing them, he asked, "What is the cause of this lamentation?" And learning that the mothers were lamenting for their infants, as if recovering from a drunken stupor, he said, "The unholiness of the act is manifest, but its outcome is uncertain; and even if this were beyond doubt, it is better for me to suffer, afflicted by diseases, than to condemn so many infants to destruction and to pierce the souls of their mothers with the sword of grief." And having said these things, he returned, ordering that the infants be returned to their mothers, and that money be given to them, so that they might have a corresponding or even double joy, because they had received their children back alive and because in addition to this they had also received money. And after he had done these things, at night two men seemed to stand beside him, saying they were Peter and Paul, the apostles of Christ, and they said, "If you wish to obtain physical and spiritual health, summon Bishop Sylvester, 9 and he to you also

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ἐκχωρῆσαι τῆς βασιλείας ἐκείνῳ, 5 μὴ ἐνοχλεῖν χριστιανοῖς ἐπισκήψαντα, μὴ μέντοι τὰς ἐντολὰς τηρῆσαι αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ λυττῆσαι κατὰ χριστιανῶν, οὐδὲν ἧττον τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ καὶ μᾶλλον. πᾶσαν γὰρ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπερελάσαι ὠμότητος· πρὸς ἄλλαις δ' αἰτίαις τῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους διαφορῶν καὶ ταύτην γενέσθαι. Κινήσας οὖν κατὰ Λικιννίου τὴν στρατιὰν ὁ Κωνσταντῖνος καὶ πολλάκις αὐτῷ συμβαλών, τέλος νικᾷ. εἶτα σπένδεται τούτῳ διὰ τὴν ἀδελφήν, καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτὸν οὐκ ἀφείλετο, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ συνθήκαις αὖθις αὐτῆς αὐτῷ παρεχώρησεν· ὁ δὲ ἄπιστος ὢν οὐκ ἐτήρησε τὰς συμβάσεις· ὅθεν καὶ πάλιν αὐτῷ ὁ Κωνσταντῖνος ἐπολέμησε καὶ νικήσας εἷλε τό τε Βυζάντιον καὶ τὴν Χρυσόπολιν. ὁ δέ γε Λικίννιος εἰς Νικομήδειαν ἔφυγε, καὶ ἡ ἀδελφὴ τοῦ Κωνσταντίνου προσελθοῦσα αὐτῷ ἐδέετο ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τηρηθῆναι αὐτῷ τὴν ἀρχήν. ὡς δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο οὐκ ἔσχηκε τὸν ἀδελφὸν κατανεύοντα, περὶ τῆς ἐκείνου σωτηρίας προσῆγε τὴν δέησιν· καὶ ἔπεισε τὸν ὁμαίμονα. πρόσεισιν αὐτῷ ὁ Λικίννιος ἐν σχήματι ἰδιωτικῷ, καὶ εἰς Θεσσαλονίκην ἐνδια6 τρίβειν ἰδιωτεύων κελεύεται. καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐκεῖσε διῆγεν· οἱ δέ γε στρατιῶται ᾐτιῶντο τὸ σώζεσθαι τὸν Λικίννιον, ἄπιστον φανέντα πολλάκις καὶ παραβάτην τῶν συνθηκῶν· διὸ καὶ τῇ συγκλήτῳ διὰ γραμμάτων τοῦ βασιλέως ἡ περὶ τούτου ἀνετέθη βουλή. τινὲς μὲν οὖν τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐνδοθῆναι παρὰ τῆς γερουσίας ἱστόρησαν ὃ σφίσι δοκεῖ ἐπὶ τῷ Λικιννίῳ διαπράξασθαι, κἀκείνους ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ αὐτὸν ἀναιρῆσαι ἢ πλησίον Σερρῶν ἀπιόντα ποι. ἄλλοι δὲ οὐδὲ ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ αὐτόν φασι διατρίβοντα ἠρεμῆσαι, τυραννίδα δὲ μελετᾶν· καὶ τοῦτο γνόντα τὸν βασιλέα Κωνσταντῖνον στεῖλαι τοὺς αὐτὸν ἀναιρήσοντας. Λέγεται δὲ ἐν ταῖς πρὸς αὐτὸν μάχαις ἢ ταῖς πρὸς Μαξέντιον θεάσασθαί τινα τὸν Κωνσταντῖνον ἱππότην καὶ ὡπλισμένον τὸν τοῦ σταυροῦ τύπον ἀντὶ σημαίας ἐπιφερόμενον καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ προπορευόμενον παρατάξεως. καὶ αὖθις ἐν Ἀδριανουπόλει δύο ὤφθησαν αὐτῷ νεανίαι τὰς τῶν ἐναντίων συγκόπτοντες φάλαγγας. καὶ περὶ τὸ Βυζάντιον δὲ νυκτὸς καθευδόντων ἁπάντων φῶς ὤφθη αὐτῷ περιαστράψαν τὸν τοῦ οἰκείου 7 στρατεύματος χάρακα. ἐκ τούτων οὖν εἰς ἔννοιαν ἐνήγετο τοῦ θεόθεν αὐτῷ τὰς εὐτυχίας καὶ τὰς νίκας προσγίνεσθαι. Οὕτω δὲ μοναρχήσας ὁ Κωνσταντῖνος καὶ Φλάβιος ὠνομάσθη καὶ οὕτω πως ἐχρημάτιζε Φλάβιος Κωνσταντῖνος καὶ ἐν Ῥώμῃ διῆγε, τῆς μὲν τῶν εἰδώλων θρησκείας οὐκ ἀποστάς, τὰ περὶ Χριστοῦ δὲ μυούμενος καὶ ἤδη παραδεχόμενος. σώματος δὲ νοσεροῦ καὶ πλεῖστα φύοντος ἐκ κακοχυμίας καὶ ὕλης μοχθηρᾶς ἐξανθήματα τυχών, ὡς λώβην ταῦτα παρὰ τῶν ἰατρῶν ὀνομάζεσθαι καὶ λέπρᾳ παρεικάζεσθαι καὶ τὴν τούτων θεραπείαν ἀπαγορεύεσθαι, εὗρε τοὺς ἱερεῖς τοῦ ἐν τῷ Καπιτωλίῳ ∆ιὸς οὐκ ἄλλως λέγοντας τεύξεσθαι θεραπείας αὐτὸν εἰ μὴ ἐν παίδων νηπίων ἔτι ἀτμίζοντι λούσαιτο αἵματι. αὐτίκα τοίνυν ἐκ πάσης τῆς ὑπ' ἐκεῖνον χώρας συνῆκτο τὰ νήπια, καὶ ἡμέρα ὥριστο τῆς τούτων σφαγῆς. καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀπῄει τότε τῷ αἵματι τῶν παίδων λουσόμενος εἰς τὸ Καπιτώλιον. αἱ δὲ τού8 των μητέρες προϊόντος αὐτοῦ γοερὰς ἠφίουν φωνὰς καὶ ὠλόλυζον. ὧν ἀκούσας ἐκεῖνος ἤρετο "τί τοῦ θρήνου τὸ αἴτιον;" καὶ μαθὼν τὰς μητέρας θρηνεῖν τῶν βρεφῶν, ὥσπερ ἐκ μέθης ἀνενεγκών, "τὸ μὲν τῆς πράξεως" εἶπεν "ἀνόσιον πρόδηλον, ἄδηλον δέ γε τὸ ἀποτέλεσμα· εἰ δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ἦν ἀναμφίβολον, κρεῖσσον πάσχειν ἐμὲ ταῖς νόσοις ταλαιπωρούμενον ἢ τοσούτων βρεφῶν καταψηφιεῖσθαι ἀπώλειαν καὶ ῥομφαίᾳ λύπης τὰς τῶν μητέρων αὐτῶν διελάσαι ψυχάς." καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼν ἐπανῆλθεν, ἀποδοθῆναι ταῖς μητράσι προστάξας τὰ νήπια, καὶ χρήματα δὲ δοθῆναι αὐταῖς, ἵν' ἀντίρροπον ἕξουσιν ἢ καὶ διπλασίονα τὴν χαράν, ὅτι τε ζῶντα τὰ ἔκγονα ἀπειλήφασι καὶ ὅτι ἐπὶ τούτοις καὶ χρήματα προσειλήφασι. Ταῦτα δὲ διαπραξαμένῳ νυκτὸς αὐτῷ ἐδοξάτην ἄνδρε παρεστάναι διττώ, Πέτρος εἶναι καὶ Παῦλος λέγοντες οἱ ἀπόστολοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ "εἰ σωματικῆς" ἔλεγον "καὶ ψυχικῆς ὑγείας βούλει τυχεῖν, τὸν ἐπίσκοπον μετακάλεσαι Σίλβεστρον, 9 κἀκεῖνός σοι καὶ