having written down the lives of the fathers, Abraham and those who followed, Moses and Elijah and John, they did not relate them in order to glorify those men, but in order to benefit those who read them. Knowing these things, therefore, most faithful servant of Christ, Lausus, and admonishing yourself, bear also with our idle talk for the safeguarding of your pious mind, which is by nature tossed by various evils both visible and invisible, and can find rest only in constant prayer and in minding its own business. Pref.8 For many of the brethren, priding themselves on their labors and almsgiving, and boasting of celibacy or virginity, and taking courage from the study of the divine oracles and their zealous efforts, have missed the mark of dispassion, having indiscriminately under the pretext of piety suffered from certain kinds of meddlesomeness, from which are born officiousness or mischievousness, which drive out good practice, the mother of minding one's own business. Pref.9 Be strong, therefore, I beseech you, not fattening on your wealth; which indeed you have done, having sufficiently diminished it by distributing it to those in need for the sake of the service of virtue that comes from this; nor, as a man-pleaser, having bound your will by an oath with some irrational impulse and prejudice, as some have suffered who, contentiously out of ambition not to eat or drink, have enslaved their free will to the necessity of an oath, and again having fallen pitiably under this through love of life and acedia and pleasure, have been in travail with perjury. Therefore, by partaking with reason and abstaining with reason you will never sin. Pref.10 For reason is the divine ruler of the movements within us, banishing what is harmful, and taking to itself what is beneficial; for "the law is not laid down for the just". For wine-drinking with reason is better than water-drinking with pride. And consider for me the holy men who drank wine with reason, and the profane men who drank water without reason, and no longer blame or praise the substance, but call blessed or wretched the disposition of those who use the substance well or badly. Joseph once drank wine among the Egyptians, but his mind was not harmed, for he secured his disposition. Pref.11 But Pythagoras and Diogenes and Plato drank water, among whom were also the Manichaeans and the rest of the company of would-be philosophers, and they drove to such a degree of vain-glory through lack of discipline as even to be ignorant of God and to worship idols. But also those around the apostle Peter partook of the use of wine, so that even their teacher, the Savior, was reproached for partaking, when the Jews said: 'Why do your disciples not fast as do John's?' And again, assailing the disciples with reproaches, they said: 'Your teacher eats and drinks with tax collectors and sinners'. They would not have taken offense at bread and water, but clearly at savory food and wine; Pref.12 to whom again, as they irrationally admired water-drinking and blamed wine-drinking, the Savior said: 'John came in the way of righteousness, neither eating nor drinking' -that is, meat and wine, for without other things he could not live- 'and they say: 'He has a demon.' The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say: 'Behold, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners',' because of his eating and drinking. What then should we do? Let us follow neither those who blame nor those who praise, but either let us fast with reason with John, even if they say: 'They have a demon'; or let us drink wine in wisdom with Jesus, if the body needs it, even if they say: 'Behold, gluttons and drunkards'. Pref.13 For neither is eating anything in truth, nor is abstinence, but faith extending itself to works through love. For when faith accompanies every action, he who eats and drinks through faith is without condemnation; 'for whatever is not from faith is sin'. But since every sinner will say that he partakes or does anything else by faith, with a corrupt conscience, through an irrational conviction, the Savior made the distinction, saying: 'By their fruits you will know them'. And the fruit of those who live their lives with reason and understanding, according to the divine apostle, 'is love and joy and peace and longsuffering, kindness,
τοὺς τῶν πατέρων ἀναγραψάμενοι βίους, Ἀβραάμ τε καὶ τῶν καθεξῆς, Μωσέως καὶ Ἠλίου καὶ Ἰωάννου, οὐχ ἵνα ἐκείνους δοξάσωσιν ἐξηγήσαντο, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας ὠφε λήσωσιν. Ταῦτα οὖν εἰδώς, πιστότατε δοῦλε Χριστοῦ Λαῦσε, καὶ σαυτὸν νουθετῶν, ἀνάσχου καὶ τῆς φλυαρίας τῆς ἡμετέρας ἐπὶ φυλακῇ τῆς εὐσεβοῦς γνώμης, ἣ διαφόροις κακίαις ὁραταῖς τε καὶ ἀοράτοις κυμαίνεσθαι πέφυκε, μόνῃ προσευχῇ συνεχεῖ καὶ ἰδιοπραγμοσύνῃ δυναμένη ἠρεμεῖν. Pref.8 Πολλοὶ γὰρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν καὶ πόνοις καὶ ἐλεημοσύναις κομῶντες, καὶ ἀγαμίαν ἢ παρθενίαν αὐχοῦντες, καὶ μελέτῃ θείων λογίων καὶ σπουδάσμασι θαρρήσαντες, ἠστόχησαν ἀπαθείας ἀδιακρίτως προσχήματι εὐσεβείας τινὰς φιλοπραγμοσύνας νοσήσαντες, ἐξ ὧν τίκτονται πολυπραγμοσύναι ἢ κακο πραγμοσύναι ἀπελαύνουσαι καλοπραγμοσύνην, τὴν μητέρα τῆς ἰδιοπραγμοσύνης. Pref.9 Ἀνδρίζου τοίνυν, παρακαλῶ, μὴ πιαίνων τὸν πλοῦτον· ὃ δὴ καὶ πεποίηκας, αὐτάρκως αὐτὸν σμικρύνας τῇ δια δόσει τῶν χρείαν ἐχόντων διὰ τὴν ἐκ τούτου τῆς ἀρετῆς ὑπηρεσίαν· μήτε ὁρμῇ τινι καὶ προλήψει ἀλόγῳ ἀνθρωπα ρέσκως ὅρκῳ πεδήσας τὴν προαίρεσιν, καθὼς πεπόνθασί τινες φιλονείκως φιλοδοξίᾳ τοῦ μὴ φαγεῖν ἢ πιεῖν δουλώ σαντες τὸ αὐτεξούσιον τῇ ἀνάγκῃ τοῦ ὅρκου, καὶ τούτῳ πάλιν ὑποπεσόντες οἰκτρῶς φιλοζωΐᾳ καὶ ἀκηδίᾳ καὶ ἡδονῇ τὴν ἐπιορκίαν ὠδίναντες. Λόγῳ τοίνυν μεταλαμβάνων καὶ λόγῳ ἀπεχόμενος οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεις ποτέ. Pref.10 Θεῖος γὰρ ὁ λόγος τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν κινημάτων, ἐξορίζων μὲν τὰ βλαβερά, προσλαμβανόμενος δὲ τὰ ἐπωφελῆ· "∆ικαίῳ" γὰρ "νόμος οὐ κεῖται". Ἄμεινον γὰρ ἡ μετὰ λόγου οἰνοποσία τῆς μετὰ τύφου ὑδροποσίας. Καὶ βλέπε μοι τοὺς μετὰ λόγου οἶνον πιόντας ἄνδρας ἁγίους, καὶ τοὺς ἄνευ λόγου πιόντας ὕδωρ ἀνθρώπους βεβήλους, καὶ μηκέτι ψέξῃς τὴν ὕλην ἢ ἐπαινέσῃς, ἀλλὰ μακάρισον ἢ ταλάνισον τὴν γνώμην τῶν καλῶς ἢ κακῶς χρωμένων τῇ ὕλῃ. Ἔπιέ ποτε Ἰωσὴφ παρ' Αἰγυπτίοις οἶνον, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐβλάβη τὴν φρένα, ἠσφαλί σατο γὰρ τὴν γνώμην. Pref.11 Ὑδροπότησε δὲ Πυθαγόρας καὶ ∆ιογένης καὶ Πλάτων, ἐν οἷς καὶ Μανιχαῖοι καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν σύνταγμα τῶν ἐθελοφιλοσόφων, καὶ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἤλασαν κουφοδοξίας ἀκολασίᾳ ὡς καὶ τὸν θεὸν ἀγνοῆσαι καὶ προσκυνῆσαι εἰδώλοις. Ἥψαντο δὲ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν ἀπόστολον Πέτρον τῆς χρήσεως τοῦ οἴνου, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸν ὀνειδίζεσθαι τὸν διδάσκαλον τούτων τὸν σωτῆρα ἐπὶ τῇ μεταλήψει, λεγόντων τῶν Ἰουδαίων· "Ἵνα τί οἱ μαθηταί σου οὐ νηστεύουσιν ὡς καὶ οἱ Ἰωάννου;" Καὶ πάλιν τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἐπεμβαίνοντες ὀνειδισμοῖς ἔλεγον· "Ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει". Οὐκ ἂν δὲ ἐπὶ ἄρτου καὶ ὕδατος ἐπελαμβάνοντο ἀλλ' ἐπ' ὄψων καὶ οἴνου δηλονότι· Pref.12 οἷς πάλιν ἀλόγως θαυμά ζουσιν ὑδροποσίαν καὶ ψέγουσιν οἰνοποσίαν ἔλεγεν ὁ σωτήρ· "Ἦλθεν Ἰωάννης ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης, μήτε ἐσθίων μήτε πίνων" -δηλαδὴ κρέα καὶ οἶνον, δίχα γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ζῆν οὐκ ἠδύνατο- "καὶ λέγουσι· ∆αιμόνιον ἔχει. Ἦλθεν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων, καὶ λέγουσιν· Ἰδοὺ ἄνθρωπος φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης, τελωνῶν φίλος καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν", διὰ τὸ ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν. Τί οὖν ἡμεῖς ποιήσωμεν; Μήτε τοῖς ψέγουσι μήτε τοῖς ἐπαινοῦσιν ἀκολου θήσωμεν, ἀλλ' ἢ μετὰ Ἰωάννου λόγῳ νηστεύσωμεν κἂν εἴπωσι· ∆αιμόνιον ἔχουσιν· ἢ μετ' Ἰησοῦ ἐν σοφίᾳ οἰνο ποτήσωμεν, εἰ χρῄζοι τὸ σῶμα, κἂν εἴπωσιν· Ἰδοὺ ἄνθρωποι φάγοι καὶ οἰνοπόται. Pref.13 Οὔτε γὰρ ἡ βρῶσίς ἐστί τι κατὰ ἀλήθειαν οὔτε ἡ ἀποχή, ἀλλὰ πίστις δι' ἀγάπης τοῖς ἔργοις παρεκτεινομένη. Ὅταν γὰρ πάσῃ πράξει παρακολουθήσῃ ἡ πίστις, ἀκατάκριτος ὁ ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων διὰ τὴν πίστιν· "πᾶν γὰρ ὃ οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἁμαρτία ἐστίν". Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ πᾶς τις ἐρεῖ τῶν πλημμελούντων πίστει μεταλαμβάνειν ἢ ἕτερόν τι πράττειν ἀλόγῳ πληροφορίᾳ διεφθαρμένῳ τῷ συνειδότι, ὁ σωτὴρ διεστείλατο λέγων· "Ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς". Ὅτι δὲ ὁ καρπὸς τῶν λόγῳ πολιτευομένων καὶ συνέσει κατὰ τὸν θεῖον ἀπόστολον "ἀγάπη ἐστὶ καὶ χαρὰ καὶ εἰρήνη καὶ μακροθυμία, χρηστότης,