Four Discourses Against the Arians.

Discourse I.

Chapter I.—Introduction. Reason for writing; certain persons indifferent about Arianism; Arians not Christians, because sectaries always take the name of their founder.

1. Of all other heresies which have departed from the truth it is acknowledged that they have but devised1 a madness, and their irreligiousness has long since become notorious to all men. For that2 their authors went out from us, it plainly follows, as the blessed John has written, that they never thought nor now think with us. Wherefore, as saith the Saviour, in that they gather not with us, they scatter with the devil, and keep an eye on those who slumber, that, by this second sowing of their own mortal poison, they may have companions in death. But, whereas one heresy, and that the last, which has now risen as harbinger3 of Antichrist, the Arian, as it is called, considering that other heresies, her elder sisters, have been openly proscribed, in her craft and cunning, affects to array herself in Scripture language4, like her father the devil, and is forcing her way back into the Church’s paradise,—that with the pretence of Christianity, her smooth sophistry (for reason she has none) may deceive men into wrong thoughts of Christ,—nay, since she has already seduced certain of the foolish, not only to corrupt their ears, but even to take and eat with Eve, till in their ignorance which ensues they think bitter sweet, and admire this loathsome heresy, on this account I have thought it necessary, at your request, to unrip ‘the folds of its breast-plate5,’ and to shew the ill savour of its folly. So while those who are far from it may continue to shun it, those whom it has deceived may repent; and, opening the eyes of their heart, may understand that darkness is not light, nor falsehood truth, nor Arianism good; nay, that those6 who call these men Christians are in great and grievous error, as neither having studied Scripture, nor understanding Christianity at all, and the faith which it contains.

2. For what have they discovered in this heresy like to the religious Faith, that they vainly talk as if its supporters said no evil? This in truth is to call even Caiaphas7 a Christian, and to reckon the traitor Judas still among the Apostles, and to say that they who asked Barabbas instead of the Saviour did no evil, and to recommend Hymenæus and Alexander as right-minded men, and as if the Apostle slandered them. But neither can a Christian bear to hear this, nor can he consider the man who dared to say it sane in his understanding. For with them for Christ is Arius, as with the Manichees Manichæus; and for Moses and the other saints they have made the discovery of one Sotades8, a man whom even Gentiles laugh at, and of the daughter of Herodias. For of the one has Arius imitated the dissolute and effeminate tone, in writing Thaliæ on his model; and the other he has rivalled in her dance, reeling and frolicking in his blasphemies against the Saviour; till the victims of his heresy lose their wits and go foolish, and change the Name of the Lord of glory into the likeness of the ‘image of corruptible man9,’ and for Christians come to be called Arians, bearing this badge of their irreligion. For let them not excuse themselves; nor retort their disgrace on those who are not as they, calling Christians after the names of their teachers10, that they themselves may appear to have that Name in the same way. Nor let them make a jest of it, when they feel shame at their disgraceful appellation; rather, if they be ashamed, let them hide their faces, or let them recoil from their own irreligion. For never at any time did Christian people take their title from the Bishops among them, but from the Lord, on whom we rest our faith. Thus, though the blessed Apostles have become our teachers, and have ministered the Saviour’s Gospel, yet not from them have we our title, but from Christ we are and are named Christians. But for those who derive the faith which they profess from others, good reason is it they should bear their name, whose property they have become11.

3. Yes surely; while all of us are and are called Christians after Christ, Marcion broached a heresy a long time since and was cast out; and those who continued with him who ejected him remained Christians; but those who followed Marcion were called Christians no more, but henceforth Marcionites. Thus Valentinus also, and Basilides, and Manichæus, and Simon Magus, have imparted their own name to their followers; and some are accosted as Valentinians, or as Basilidians, or as Manichees, or as Simonians; and other, Cataphrygians from Phrygia, and from Novatus Novatians. So too Meletius, when ejected by Peter the Bishop and Martyr, called his party no longer Christians, but Meletians12, and so in consequence when Alexander of blessed memory had cast out Arius, those who remained with Alexander, remained Christians; but those who went out with Arius, left the Saviour’s Name to us who were with Alexander, and as to them they were hence-forward denominated Arians. Behold then, after Alexander’s death too, those who communicate with his successor Athanasius, and those with whom the said Athanasius communicates, are instances of the same rule; none of them bear his name, nor is he named from them, but all in like manner, and as is usual, are called Christians. For though we have a succession of teachers and become their disciples, yet, because we are taught by them the things of Christ, we both are, and are called, Christians all the same. But those who follow the heretics, though they have innumerable successors in their heresy, yet anyhow bear the name of him who devised it. Thus, though Arius be dead, and many of his party have succeeded him, yet those who think with him, as being known from Arius, are called Arians. And, what is a remarkable evidence of this, those of the Greeks who even at this time come into the Church, on giving up the superstition of idols, take the name, not of their catechists, but of the Saviour, and begin to be called Christians instead of Greeks: while those of them who go off to the heretics, and again all who from the Church change to this heresy, abandon Christ’s name, and henceforth are called Arians, as no longer holding Christ’s faith, but having inherited Arius’s madness.

4. How then can they be Christians, who for Christians are Ario-maniacs13? or how are they of the Catholic Church, who have shaken off the Apostolical faith, and become authors of fresh evils? who, after abandoning the oracles of divine Scripture, call Arius’s Thaliæ a new wisdom? and with reason too, for they are announcing a new heresy. And hence a man may marvel, that, whereas many have written many treatises and abundant homilies upon the Old Testament and the New, yet in none of them is a Thalia found; nay nor among the more respectable of the Gentiles, but among those only who sing such strains over their cups, amid cheers and jokes, when men are merry, that the rest may laugh; till this marvellous Arius, taking no grave pattern, and ignorant even of what is respectable, while he stole largely from other heresies, would be original in the ludicrous, with none but Sotades for his rival. For what beseemed him more, when he would dance forth against the Saviour, than to throw his wretched words of irreligion into dissolute and loose metres? that, while ‘a man,’ as Wisdom says, ‘is known from the utterance of his word14,’ so from those numbers should be seen the writer’s effeminate soul and corruption of thought15. In truth, that crafty one did not escape detection; but, for all his many writhings to and fro, like the serpent, he did but fall into the error of the Pharisees. They, that they might transgress the Law, pretended to be anxious for the words of the Law, and that they might deny the expected and then present Lord, were hypocritical with God’s name, and were convicted of blaspheming when they said, ‘Why dost Thou, being a man, make Thyself God,’ and sayest, ‘I and the Father are one16?’ And so too, this counterfeit and Sotadean Arius, feigns to speak of God, introducing Scripture language17, but is on all sides recognised as godless18 Arius, denying the Son, and reckoning Him among the creatures.

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ.

Αἱ μὲν αἱρέσεις ὅσαι τῆς ἀληθείας ἀπέστησαν, ἐπινοήσασαι μανίαν ἑαυταῖς φανεραὶ τυγχάνουσι, καὶ τούτων ἡ ἀσέβεια πάλαι πᾶσιν ἔκδηλος γέγονε. Τὸ γὰρ ἐξελθεῖν ἀφ' ἡμῶν τοὺς ταῦτα ἐφευρόντας δῆλον ἂν εἴη, ὡς ἔγραψεν ὁ μακάριος Ἰωάννης, ὅτι τῶν τοιούτων οὔτε ἦν, οὔτε νῦν ἐστι μεθ' ἡμῶν τὸ φρόνημα. ∆ιὸ καὶ, ὡς εἶπεν ὁ Σωτὴρ, Μὴ συνάγοντες μεθ' ἡμῶν, σκορπίζουσι μετὰ τοῦ διαβόλου, παρατηρούμενοι τοὺς κοιμωμένους, ἵνα, τὸν ἴδιον ἰὸν τῆς ἀπωλείας ἐπισπείραντες, ἔχωσι τοὺς συναποθνήσκοντας ἑαυτοῖς. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡ μία τῶν αἱρέ σεων ἡ ἐσχάτη, καὶ νῦν ἐξελθοῦσα πρόδρομος τοῦ Ἀν τιχρίστου, ἡ Ἀρειανὴ καλουμένη, δόλιος οὖσα καὶ πανοῦργος, βλέπουσα τὰς πρεσβυτέρας ἑαυτῆς ἀδελφὰς ἄλλας αἱρέσεις ἐκ φανεροῦ στηλιτευθείσας, ὑποκρίνεται περιβαλλομένη τὰς τῶν Γραφῶν λέξεις, ὡς ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς ὁ διάβολος, καὶ βιάζεται πάλιν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν παράδεισον τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, ἵνα, πλάσασα ἑαυτὴν ὡς Χριστιανὴν, ἀπατήσῃ τινὰς κατὰ Χριστοῦ φρονεῖν τῇ πιθανότητι τῶν παραλογισμῶν· εὔλογον γὰρ οὐδὲν παρ' αὐτῇ· καὶ ἐπλάνησέ γε τῶν ἀφρόνων ἤδη τινὰς, ὥστε τούτους μὴ μόνον φθαρῆναι τῇ ἀκοῇ, ἀλλὰ καὶ λαβόντας κατὰ τὴν Εὔαν γεύσασθαι, καὶ λοιπὸν ἀγνοοῦντας νομίζειν τὸ πικρὸν γλυκὺ, καὶ τὴν βδελυκτὴν αἵρεσιν λέγειν καλήν· ἀναγκαῖον ἡγησάμην προτραπεὶς παρ' ὑμῶν διελεῖν τὴν πτύξιν τοῦ θώρακος τῆς μιαρᾶς αἱρέσεως ταύτης, καὶ δεῖξαι τὴν δυσωδίαν τῆς ἀφροσύνης αὐτῆς· ἵνα οἱ μὲν πόῤῥωθεν ὄντες αὐτῆς ἔτι φύγωσιν αὐτὴν, οἱ δ' ἀπατηθέντες ἀπ' αὐτῆς μεταγνῶσι, καὶ ἠνεῳγμένοις τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς τῆς καρδίας νοήσωσιν, ὅτι, ὥσπερ τὸ σκότος οὐκ ἔστι φῶς, οὐδὲ τὸ ψεῦδος ἀλήθεια, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἡ Ἀρειανὴ αἵρεσίς ἐστι καλή. Ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ τούτους καλοῦντες Χριστιανοὺς πολὺ καὶ λίαν πλανῶνται, ὡς μήτε τὰς Γραφὰς ἀνεγνωκό τες, μήτε ὅλως εἰδότες τὸν Χριστιανισμὸν καὶ τὴν ἐν αὐτῷ πίστιν. Τί γὰρ ὅμοιον ἑωρακότες τῆς αἱρέσεως πρὸς τὴν εὐσεβῆ πίστιν φλυαροῦσιν ὡς μηδὲν κακὸν λεγόντων ἐκείνων; Τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀληθῶς καὶ τὸν Καϊάφαν αὐτοὺς εἰπεῖν Χριστιανὸν, καὶ τὸν προδότην Ἰούδαν ἔτι συναριθμεῖν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις, τούς τε τὸν Βαραβᾶν αἰτησαμένους ἀντὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος, λέγειν μη δὲν κακὸν πεποιηκέναι· καὶ Ὑμέναιον δὲ καὶ Ἀλέ ξανδρον συνιστάνειν ὡς καλῶς φρονοῦντας, καὶ ψεύδεσθαι κατ' αὐτῶν τὸν Ἀπόστολον. Ἀλλ' οὔτε ταῦτ' ἂν ἀκοῦσαι Χριστιανὸς ἀνάσχοιτο, οὔτε τὸν τολ μῶντα λέγειν τοῦτο ὑγιαίνειν ἄν τις τοῦτον ταῖς φρεσὶν ὑπολάβοι. Ἀντὶ γὰρ Χριστοῦ παρ' αὐτοῖς Ἄρειος, ὡς παρὰ Μανιχαίοις Μανιχαῖος, ἀντὶ δὲ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁγίων Σωτάδης τις ἐξεύρηται παρ' αὐτοῖς ὁ καὶ παρ' Ἕλλησι γελώμενος, καὶ ἡ θυγάτηρ Ἡρωδιάδος. Τοῦ μὲν γὰρ τὸ κεκλασμένον καὶ θηλυκὸν ἦθος μεμίμηται γράφων Ἄρειος καὶ αὐτὸς Θαλίας· τῆς δὲ τὴν ὄρχησιν ἐζήλωσεν ἐξορ χούμενος καὶ παίζων ἐν ταῖς κατὰ τοῦ Σωτῆρος δυσφημίαις, ὥστε τοὺς ἐμπίπτοντας εἰς τὴν αἵρε σιν διαστρέφεσθαι μὲν τὸν νοῦν καὶ ἀφρονεῖν, ἀλλάσσειν δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου τῆς δόξης ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ ἀντὶ Χριστιανῶν λοι πὸν Ἀρειανοὺς ὀνομάζεσθαι, τοῦτό τε τῆς ἀσε βείας ἔχειν τὸ γνώρισμα. Μὴ γὰρ προφασιζέσθωσαν, μηδὲ ὀνειδιζόμενοι καταψευδέσθωσαν κατὰ τῶν μὴ ὄντων ὡς εἰσὶν, οὕτω καλοῦντες καὶ αὐτοὶ τοὺς Χριστιανοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν διδασκάλων, ἵνα δόξωσι καὶ αὐτοὶ οὕτως καλεῖσθαι Χριστιανοί· μηδὲ αἰσχυνόμενοι τὸ ἐπονείδιστον ἑαυτῶν ὄνομα, παιζέτωσαν· εἰ δὲ αἰσχύνονται, ἐγκαλυπτέσθωσαν, ἢ ἀποπηδάτωσαν ἀπὸ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀσεβείας. Οὐδὲ πώποτε γὰρ λαὸς ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων ἐπισκόπων ἔσχε τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου, εἰς ὃν καὶ τὴν πίστιν ἔχομεν· τῶν γοῦν μακαρίων ἀποστόλων διδασκάλων ἡμῶν γε νομένων, καὶ διακονησάντων τὸ τοῦ Σωτῆρος Εὐαγγέλιον, οὐκ ἐξ ἐκείνων ἐκλήθημεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ Χριστιανοὶ καὶ ἐσμὲν, καὶ ὀνομαζόμεθα. Οἱ δὲ παρ' ἑτέρων ἔχοντες τὴν ἀρχὴν ἧς νομίζουσι πίστεως, ἐκείνων εἰκότως ἔχουσι καὶ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν, ὡς αὐτῶν γενόμενοι κτῆμα. Ἀμέλει πάντων ἡμῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ Χρι στιανῶν ὄντων καὶ καλουμένων, ἐξεβλήθη πάλαι Μαρκίων αἵρεσιν ἐφευρών· καὶ οἱ μὲν παραμείναντες μετὰ τοῦ ἐκβαλόντος ἐκεῖνον ἔμειναν Χριστιανοί· οἱ δ' ἀκολουθήσαντες Μαρκίωνι οὐκέτι μὲν Χρι στιανοὶ, Μαρκιωνισταὶ δὲ λοιπὸν ἐκλήθησαν. Οὕτω καὶ Οὐαλεντῖνος, καὶ Βασιλίδης, καὶ Μανιχαῖος, καὶ Σίμων ὁ μάγος τοῖς ἀκολουθήσασι μεταδεδώκασι τοῦ ἰδίου ὀνόματος· καὶ οἱ μὲν Οὐαλεντινιανοὶ, οἱ δὲ Βασιλιδιανοὶ, οἱ δὲ Μανιχαῖοι, κἀκεῖνοι Σιμωνιανοὶ, καὶ ἄλλοι κατὰ Φρύγας ἀπὸ Φρυγίας, καὶ ἀπὸ Νοουάτου Νοουατιανοὶ προσαγορεύονται. Οὕτω καὶ Μελέτιος, ἐκβληθεὶς παρὰ Πέτρου τοῦ ἐπισκόπου καὶ μάρτυρος, οὐκέτι Χριστιανοὺς ἀλλὰ Μελιτιανοὺς ἐκάλεσε τοὺς ἰδίους· οὕτως ἄρα καὶ τοῦ μακαρίτου Ἀλεξάνδρου τὸν Ἄρειον ἐκβαλόντος, οἱ μὲν μετὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου μείναντες ἔμειναν Χριστιανοί· οἱ δὲ συνεξελθόντες Ἀρείῳ τὸ μὲν ὄνομα τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῖν τοῖς μετὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου καταλελοίπασιν, Ἀρειανοὶ δὲ λοιπὸν ἐκλήθησαν ἐκεῖνοι. Ἰδοὺ γοῦν καὶ μετὰ θάνατον τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου, οἱ κοινωνοῦντες τῷ διαδεξαμένῳ τοῦτον Ἀθανασίῳ, καὶ οἷς ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀθανάσιος κοινωνεῖ, τὸν αὐτὸν ἔχουσι τύπον· καὶ οὔτε ἐκείνων τὸ τούτου τινὲς ἔχουσιν ὄνομα, οὔτε αὐτὸς ἐξ ἐκείνων ὀνομάζεται, ἀλλὰ πάντες πάλιν καὶ συνήθως Χριστιανοὶ καλοῦνται. Κἂν γὰρ διδα σκάλων διαδόχους ἔχωμεν, καὶ μαθηταὶ τούτων γινώ μεθα· ἀλλά γε τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρ' αὐτῶν διδασκόμενοι, Χριστιανοὶ οὐδὲν ἧττον ἐσμὲν καὶ καλούμεθα. Οἱ δέ γε τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς ἀκολουθοῦντες, κἂν μυρίους διαδόχους ἔχωσιν, ἀλλὰ πάντως τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τὴν αἵρεσιν ἐφευρόντος φέρουσιν. Ἀμέλει τελευτήσαντος Ἀρείου, πολλῶν δὲ τῶν ἰδίων αὐτὸν δια δεξαμένων, ὅμως οἱ τὰ ἐκείνου φρονοῦντες ἐξ Ἀρείου γνωριζόμενοι Ἀρειανοὶ καλοῦνται. Καὶ θαυμαστόν γε τούτου τεκμήριον, οἱ μὲν ἐξ Ἑλλήνων καὶ νῦν εἰς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν ἐρχόμενοι, ἀφιέντες τὴν τῶν εἰ δώλων δεισιδαιμονίαν, οὐ τῶν κατηχούντων λαμ βάνουσι τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος, καὶ ἀντὶ Ἑλλήνων ἄρχονται Χριστιανοὶ καλεῖσθαι· οἱ δὲ πρὸς ἐκείνους ἀπιόντες, ἢ ὅσοι δ' ἂν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας πρὸς τὴν αἵρεσιν μεταβάλλονται, τὸ μὲν Χριστοῦ καταλιμπάνουσιν ὄνομα, καὶ λοιπὸν δὲ Ἀρειανοὶ καλοῦνται, ὡς οὐκέτι τὴν Χριστοῦ πίστιν ἔχοντες, ἀλλὰ τῆς Ἀρείου γενόμενοι μανίας διάδοχοι. Πῶς τοίνυν Χριστιανοὶ οἱ μὴ Χριστιανοὶ, ἀλλὰ Ἀρειομανῖται; Ἢ πῶς τῆς καθολικῆς Ἐκκλησίαςεἰσὶν οἱ τὴν ἀποστολικὴν ἀποτιναξάμενοι πίστιν, καὶ καινῶν κακῶν ἐφευρεταὶ γενόμενοι, οἱ τὰ μὲν τῶν θείων Γραφῶν λόγια καταλείψαντες, τὰς δὲ Θαλείας Ἀρείου σοφίαν καινὴν ὀνομάζοντες; Εἰκότως τοῦτο λέγοντες καινὴν γὰρ αἵρεσιν ἀπαγγέλ λουσι. ∆ιὸ καὶ θαυμάσειεν ἄν τις, ὅτι πολλὰ πολλῶν συντάγματα καὶ πλείστας ὁμιλίας εἴς γε τὴν Παλαιὰν καὶ τὴν Καινὴν γραψάντων, καὶ παρὰ μη δενὶ Θαλείας εὑρισκομένης, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ παρὰ τοῖς σπουδαίοις τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἢ παρὰ μόνοις τοῖς ᾄδουσι τὰ τοιαῦτα παρὰ πότον μετὰ κρότου καὶ σκωμμάτων ἐν παιδιαῖς, ἕνεκεν τοῦ γελᾶσθαι παρ' ἑτέρων, ὁ θαυ μαστὸς Ἄρειος οὐδὲν σεμνὸν μιμησάμενος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν σπουδαίων ἀγνοήσας, πλεῖστά τε τῶν ἄλλων αἱρέσεων ὑποκλέψας, τὴν τοῦ Σωτάδου μόνου γελοιολογίαν ἐζήλωσε. Τί γὰρ ἔπρεπε ποιεῖν αὐτὸν, ἢ θέλοντα κατὰ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ὀρχήσασθαι, τὰ δύστηνα ἑαυτοῦ ῥημάτια τῆς ἀσεβείας ἐν ἐκλύτοις καὶ παρει μένοις μέλεσι σημαίνειν; ἵν' ὥσπερ ἡ σοφία φησὶν, Ἀπὸ ἐξόδου λόγου ἐπιγνωσθήσεται ἀνὴρ, οὕτως ἀπ' ἐκείνων τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς μὴ ἀνδρῶδες, καὶ τῆς διανοίας ἡ φθορὰ τοῦ γράψαντος γινώσκηται. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ ἔλαθεν ὁ δόλιος, ἀλλὰ καίτοι πολ λάκις, ὡς ὁ ὄφις, ἄνω καὶ κάτω στρέφων ἑαυτὸν, ὅμως πέπτωκεν εἰς τὴν πλάνην τῶν Φαρισαίων. Ὡς γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι, θέλοντες παρανομεῖν, ἐσχηματίζοντο τὰ τοῦ νόμου μελετᾷν ῥήματα, καὶ θέλοντες ἀρνεῖ σθαι τὸν προσδοκηθέντα καὶ παρόντα Κύριον, ὑπ εκρίνοντο μὲν ὀνομάζειν τὸν Θεὸν, ἠλέγχοντο δὲ βλα σφημοῦντες ἐν τῷ λέγειν, διὰ τί σὺ, ἄνθρωπος ὢν Θεὸν σεαυτὸν ποιεῖς, καὶ λέγεις, Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ κίβδηλος καὶ Σωτάδειος Ἄρειος ὑποκρίνεται μὲν ὡς περὶ Θεοῦ λέγων, παρ εντιθεὶς τὰς τῶν Γραφῶν λέξεις, ἐλέγχεται δὲ πανταχόθεν Ἄρειος ἄθεος, ἀρνούμενος τὸν Υἱὸν, καὶ τοῖς ποιήμασιν αὐτὸν συναριθμῶν.