Homily II.

2 Cor. i. 6, 7

Whether we be afflicted, it is for your comfort and salvation, which worketh in the patient enduring of the same sufferings which we also suffer: and our hope for you is steadfast.

Having spoken of one, and that the chief ground of comfort and consolation, namely, having fellowship [by sufferings] with Christ: he layeth down as second this which he now mentions, namely, that the salvation of the disciples themselves was procured thereby. “Faint not, therefore, he says, nor be confounded and afraid because we are afflicted; for this same thing were rather a reason for your being of good cheer: for had we not been afflicted, this had been the ruin of you all.” How and wherein? For if through lack of spirit25    μαλακισθέντες. and fear of danger we had not preached unto you the word whereby ye learned the true knowledge, your situation had been desperate. Seest thou again the vehemence and earnest contention26    φιλονείκια. of Paul? The very things which troubled them he uses for their comfort. For, saith he, the greater the intensity of our persecutions, the greater should be the increase of your good hope; because the more abundant also in proportion is your salvation and consolation. For what hath equal force of consolation with this of having obtained such good things through the preaching. Then that he may not seem to be bringing27    περιιστᾷν. the encomium round to himself alone, see how he maketh them too to share these praises. For to the words, “Whether we be afflicted, it is for your comfort and salvation:” he adds, “which worketh in the patient enduring of the same sufferings which we also suffer.” (ver. 7.) Afterwards, indeed, he states this more clearly, thus saying, “As ye are partakers of the sufferings, so also are ye of the consolation;” but here also meanwhile he alludes to it in the words, “the same sufferings,” so making28    κοινώσας τὸν λόγον. what he says include them. For what he saith is this, “Your salvation is not our work alone, but your own as well; for both we in preaching to you the word endure affliction, and ye in receiving it endure the very same; we to impart to you that which we received, ye to receive what is imparted and not to let it go.” Now what humility can compare with this, seeing that those who fell so far short of him he raiseth to the same dignity of endurance? for he saith, “Which worked in the enduring of the same sufferings;” for not through believing only cometh your salvation, but also through the suffering and enduring the same things with us. For like as a pugilist29    παγκρατιαστής. is an object of admiration, when he doth but show himself and is in good training and hath his skill within himself, but when he is in action30    ἐνεργῃ., enduring blows and striking his adversary, then most of all shineth forth, because that then his good training is most put in action31    ἐνεργεῖται., and the proof of his skill evidently shown; so truly is your salvation also then more especially put into action32    ἐνεργεῖται., that is, is displayed, increased, heightened, when it hath endurance, when it suffereth and beareth all things nobly. So then the work33    ἐνεργεία. of salvation consisteth not in doing evil, but in suffering evil. Moreover he saith not, “which worketh,” but, “which is wrought34    οὐ τῆς ἐνεργούσης ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐνεργουμένης. [Nearly all modern interpreters take the participle in the middle sense (showing itself active) which is represented in the Rev. Ver. C.],” to show that together with their own willingness of mind, grace also which wrought in them did contribute much.

Ver. 7. “And our hope for you is steadfast.” That is, though ye should suffer ills innumerable, we are confident that ye will not turn round35    ὑμετέροις διωγμοῖς only. Ben. Ed., either upon your own trials or upon our persecutions. For so far are we from suspecting you of being confounded on account of our sufferings that even when yourselves are in peril, we are then confident concerning you.

[2.] Seest thou how great had been their advance since the former Epistle? For he hath here witnessed of them far greater things than of the Macedonians, whom throughout that Epistle he extolleth and commendeth. For on their [the Macedonians’] account he feared and saith, “We sent,” unto you, “Timothy…to establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith, that no man be moved by these afflictions, for yourselves know that hereunto we are appointed.” (1 Thess. iii. 2, 3.) And again: “For this cause when I could no longer forbear, I sent to know your faith, lest by any means the tempter hath tempted you: and our labor should be in vain.” (ver. 5.) But of these [the Corinthians] he saith nothing of this kind, but quite the contrary, “Our hope for you is steadfast.”

Ver. 6, 7. “Or whether we be comforted, it is for your consolation and salvation. Knowing that as ye are partakers of the sufferings, so also are ye of the comfort.”

That for their sakes the Apostles were afflicted, he showed when he said, “whether we be afflicted, it is for your consolation and salvation:” he wishes also to show that for their sakes also they were comforted. He said this indeed even a little above, although somewhat generally36    ἀδιορίστως ver. 4., thus; “Blessed be God, Who comforteth us in all our afflictions, that we may be able to comfort them which are in any affliction.” He repeats it here too in other words more clearly and more37    θεραπευτικώτερον. home to their needs. “For whether we be comforted,” says he, “it is for your comfort.” What he means is this; our comfort becometh your refreshment, even though we should not comfort you by word. If we be but a little refreshed, this availeth for encouragement to you; and if we be ourselves comforted, this becometh your comfort. For as ye consider our sufferings your own, so do ye also make our comfort your own. For surely it cannot be that, when ye share in worse fortune with us, ye will not share in the better. If then ye share in everything, as in tribulation so in comfort, ye will in no wise blame us for this delay and slowness in coming, because that both for your sakes we are in tribulation and for your sakes in comfort. For lest any should think this a hard saying, “for your sakes we thus suffer,” he adds, “for your sakes also we are comforted,” and “not we alone are in peril; for ye also,” saith he, “are partakers of the same sufferings.” Thus then, by admitting them to be partakers in the perils and ascribing to them the cause of their own comfort, he softeneth what he saith. If then we be beset by craft38    ἐπιβουλευώμεθα., be of good cheer; we endure this that your faith may grow in strength. And if we be comforted, glory39    ἐναβρύνεσθε. in this also; for we enjoy this too for your sakes, that thereby ye may receive some encouragement by sharing in our joy. And that the comfort he here speaks of is that which they40    Ben. ἐκαρποῦτο. enjoyed not only from being comforted by themselves, (the Apostles) but also from knowing them (the Apostles) to be at rest, hear him declaring in what follows next, “Knowing that as ye are partakers of the sufferings, so also are ye of the comfort.” For as when we suffer persecution, ye are in distress as though yourselves so suffering; so are we sure that when we are comforted, ye think the enjoyment also your own. What more humble-minded than this spirit? He who so greatly surpasseth in perils, calleth them “partakers,” who endured no part of them whatever41    οὐδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν.; whilst of the comfort he ascribeth the whole cause to them, not to his own labors.

[3.] Next, having spoken before only generally of troubles, he now maketh mention of the place too where they (Ben. he) endured them.

Ver. 8.  “For we would not, Brethren, have you ignorant concerning our affliction which befell us in Asia.”

“These things we speak,” saith he, “that ye may not be ignorant of what befell us; for we wish, yea have earnestly endeavored, that ye should know our affairs:” which is a very high proof of love. Of this even in the former Epistle he had before given notice, where he said, “For a great door and effectual is opened to me at Ephesus, and there are many adversaries.” (1 Cor. xvi. 8, 9.) Putting them then in mind of this, and recounting how much he suffered, he saith, “I would not have you ignorant of our affliction which befell us in Asia.” And in his Epistle to the Ephesians too he said the same. For having sent Tychicus to them, he gives this as the reason of his journey: whence he saith, “But that ye also may know my affairs, and how I do, Tychicus, the beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, shall make known to you all things; whom I have sent unto you for this very purpose, that ye may know our state, and that he may comfort your hearts.” (Eph. vi. 21, 22.) And in other Epistles also he doeth the very same. Nor is it superfluous, but even exceedingly necessary: both because of his exceeding affection for the disciples, and because of their continued trials; wherein the knowledge of each other’s fortunes was a very great comfort; so that if these were calamitous, they might be prepared both to be energetic and to be safer against falling; or if these were good, they might rejoice with them. He here, however, speaketh as well of being delivered from trials as of being assaulted by them, saying, “We were weighed down exceedingly, beyond our power.” Like a vessel sinking42    βαπτιζόμενον. under some mighty burden. He may seem to have said, only one thing here “exceedingly” and “beyond our power:” it is, however, not one but two; for lest one should object, “What then? granting the peril were exceeding, yet it was not great to you;” he added, it both was great and surpassed our strength, yea, so surpassed it, “That we despaired even of life.”

That is, we had no longer any expectation of living. What David calleth “the gates of hell, the pangs” and “the shadow of death,” this he expresseth by saying, “We endured peril pregnant with certain death.”

Ver. 9. “But we had the answer of death in ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God which raiseth the dead.”

What is this, “the answer of death?”43    [This is the rendering of ἀπόκριμα in the Revised Version, but the American Committee prefer to retain “sentence” of the common version, adding in the margin “Gr. answer.” But it seems better to adhere to the view of the British Revisers, since this is the natural meaning of the term, (Prof. Thayer in his edition of Grimm gives no other), and besides, adds greatly to the vivacity of the Apostle’s utterance. Again and again he was compelled to ask the question what would be the end of the perils by which he was surrounded, but the answer invariably was Death. This being the case he was permanently driven out of any self-trust, and compelled to rely upon God “who raiseth the dead,” and who therefore could easily deliver his servants even when at the point to die. It is true that there is no such thing as implicit confidence in God until men renounce all confidence in themselves.   There are different opinions as to the nature of the terrible peril to which the Apostle was exposed in Asia. Some have suggested the uproar in Ephesus mentioned in Acts xix. 23–41, others a severe illness, others a dangerous shipwreck, others (Rev. Jos. Waite in Bible Commentary) his devouring anxiety about Corinthian affairs. It does not seem necessary to be able to determine this matter precisely. The probability is that he refers to trials of different kinds, and especially to plots and attempts against his life. He could hardly use stronger language than he does to set forth the desperate straits in which he was. “Weighed down exceedingly,” “beyond our power,” “we despaired even of life.” Chrysostom well points out and enforces the lessons to be drawn from the extraordinary experience of this eminent servant of God. C.]  The vote, the judgment, the expectation. For so spake our affairs; our fortunes gave this answer, “We shall surely die.”

To be sure, this did not come to the proof, but only as far as to our anticipations, and stopped there: for the nature of our affairs did so declare, yet the power of God allowed not the declaration to take effect, but permitted it to happen only in our thought and in expectation: wherefore he saith, “We had the answer of death in ourselves,” not in fact.44    τῇ πείρᾳ.  And wherefore permitted He peril so great as to take away our hope and cause us to despair? “That we should not trust in ourselves,” saith he, “but in God.” These words Paul said, not that this was his own temper. Away with such a thought, but as attuning45    ῤυθμιζων. the rest by what he saith of himself, and in his great care to speak modestly. Whence also further on he saith, “There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, (meaning his trials,) lest I should be exalted overmuch.” (2 Cor. xii. 7.) And yet God doth not say that He permitted them for this, but for another reason. What other? That His strength might be the more displayed; “For,” saith he, “My grace is sufficient for thee, for My power is made perfect in weakness.” (ver. 9.) But, as I said, he no where forgetteth his own peculiar character, classing himself with those who fall short exceedingly and stand in need of much discipline and correction. For if one or two trials suffice to sober even ordinary men, how should he who of all men had most cultivated lowliness of mind his whole life long and had suffered as no other man did, after so many years and a practice of wisdom46    φιλοσοφίαν. worthy of the heavens, be in need of this admonition? Whence it is plain that here too, it is from modesty and to calm down those who thought highly of themselves and boasted, that he thus speaks, “That we should not trust in ourselves, but in God.”

[4.] And observe how he treateth them tenderly47    θεραπεύει. here also. For, saith he, these trials were permitted to come upon us for your sakes; of so great price48    τοσούτου τιμᾶται ὑμᾶς. are ye in God’s sight; for “whether we be afflicted,” saith he, “it is for your consolation and salvation;” but they were “out of measure” for our sake, lest we should be high minded. “For we were weighed down exceedingly, beyond our power, that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God that raiseth the dead.” He again putteth them in mind of the doctrine of the Resurrection whereon he said so much in the former Epistle, and confirmeth it from the present circumstance; whence he added,

Ver. 10. “Who delivered us out of so great deaths.49    τηλικούτων θανάτων. τηλικούτου θανάτου, received text.”

He said not, “from so great dangers,” at once showing the insupportable severity of the trials, and confirming the doctrine I have mentioned. For whereas the Resurrection was a thing future, he showeth that it happeneth every day: for when [God] lifteth up again a man who is despaired of and hath been brought to the very gates of Hades, He showeth none other thing than a resurrection, snatching out of the very jaws of death him that had fallen into them: whence in the case of those despaired of and then restored either out of grievous sickness or insupportable trials, it is an ordinary way of speaking to say, We have seen a resurrection of the dead in his case.

Ver. 10, 11. “And we have set our hope that He will also still deliver us; ye also helping together on our behalf by your supplication, that for the gift bestowed upon us by the means of many50    ἐν πολλῷ προσώπῳ. (Rec. text, ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων.) perhaps “bestowed upon us as representing many.” See Hom. xli. §. 8. on 1st Cor. and the note., thanks may be given by many persons on our behalf.”

Since the words, “that we should not trust in ourselves,” might seem to be a common charge and an accusation that pointed to some amongst them; he softeneth51    παραμυθεῖται. again what he said, by calling their prayers a great protection and at the same time showing that [this] our life must be throughout a scene of conflict52    ἐναγώνιον.. For in those words, “And we have set our hope that He will also still deliver us,” he predicts a future sleet53    νιφάδας. of many trials: but still no where aught of being forsaken, but of succor again and support. Then, lest on hearing that they were to be continually in perils they should be cast down, he showed before the use of perils; for instance, “that we should not trust in ourselves;” that is, that he may keep us in continual humility, and that their salvation may be wrought; and many other uses besides; the being partakers with Christ; (“for,” saith he, “the sufferings of Christ abound in us;”) the suffering for the faithful; (“for,” saith he, “whether we be afflicted, it is for your comfort and salvation;”) the superior lustre this last (i.e., their salvation) should shine with54    διαλάμπειν μειζόνως. vid. supra.; “which,” saith he, “worketh” [in you] “in the patient enduring of the same sufferings;” their being made hardy; and besides all these, that of seeing the resurrection vividly portrayed before their eyes:  for, “He hath delivered us out of so great death;” being of an earnest mind and ever looking unto Him, “for,” saith he, “we have set our hope that he will deliver” us; its rivetting55    προσηλῶσθαι. them to prayers, for he saith, “ye also helping together on our behalf by your supplication.” Thus having shown the gain of affliction and then having made them energetic: he anointeth once more their spirits [for the combat], and animates them to virtue by witnessing great things of their prayers, for that to these God had granted56    The marginal reading of Savile, which Mr. Field has received into his text, has been followed. Previous editions read ἐχαρίσαντο. Paul; as he saith, “Ye helping together on our behalf by prayer.” But what is this: “That for the gift bestowed upon us by means of many57    Chrysostom reads ἐν πολλῷ προσώπῳ. See above, and on 1 Cor. Hom. xli. 8., thanks may be given by many on our behalf? He delivered us from those deaths,” saith he, “ye also helping together by prayer;” that is, praying all of you for us. For “the gift bestowed upon us,” that is, our being saved, He was pleased to grant to you all, in order that many persons might give Him thanks, because that many also received the boon.

[5.] And this he said, at once to stir them up to prayer for others, and to accustom them always to give thanks to God for whatever befalleth others, showing that He too willeth this exceedingly. For they that are careful to do both these for others, will much more for themselves show an example of both. And besides this, he both teacheth them humility and leadeth on to more fervent love. For if he who was so high above them owneth himself to have been saved by their prayers: and that to their prayers himself58    Ben. αὐτῷ, that a gift had been given him through their prayers by God. had been granted as a boon of God, think what their modesty and disposition ought to have been. And observe, I pray you, this also; that even if God doeth any thing in mercy, yet prayer doth mightily contribute thereunto. For at the first he attributed his salvation to His mercies; for “The God of mercies,” he says, Himself “delivered us,” but here to the prayers also. For on him too that owed the ten thousand talents He had mercy after that he fell at His feet; (Matt. xviii. 24, 27.) although it is written, that “being moved with compassion, He loosed him.” And again to the “woman of Canaan,” it was after that long attendance and importunity59    προσεδρείαν καὶ καρ τερίαν. of hers, (Matt. xv. 22.) that He finally granted the healing of her daughter, even though of His mercy He healed her. Hereby then we learn that even though we are to receive mercy, we must first make ourselves worthy of the mercy; for though there be mercy, yet it seeketh out those that are worthy. It will not come upon all without distinction; those even who have no feeling; for He saith, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” (Rom. ix. 15.) Observe at least what he saith here, “Ye also helping together by prayer.” He hath neither ascribed the whole of the good work to them lest he should lift them up, nor yet deprived them of all share whatever in it, in order to encourage them and animate their zeal, and bring them together one to another. Whence also he said, “He also granted to you my safety.” For ofttimes also God is abashed60    δυσωπεῖται. by a multitude praying with one mind and mouth. Whence also He said to the prophet, “And shall not I spare this city wherein dwell more than six score thousand persons?” (Jonah iv. 11.) Then lest thou think He respecteth the multitude only, He saith, “Though the number of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved.” (Isa. x. 22.) How then saved He the Ninevites? Because in their case, there was not only a multitude, but a multitude and virtue too. For each one “turned from” his “evil way.” (Jonah iii. 10; iv. 11.) And besides, when He saved them, He said that they discerned not “between their right hand and their left hand:” whence it is plain that even before, they sinned more out of simpleness than of wickedness: it is plain too from their being converted, as they were, by hearing a few words. But if their being six score thousand were of itself enough to save them, what hindered even before this that they should be saved? And why saith He not to the Prophet, And shall I not spare this city which so turneth itself? but bringeth forward the score thousands. He produceth this also as a reason over and above. For that they had turned was known to the prophet, but he knew not either their numbers or their simpleness. So by every possible consideration he is desirous to soften them. For even greatness of number hath power, when there is virtue withal. And truly the Scripture elsewhere also showeth this plainly, where it saith, “But prayer was made earnestly of the Church unto God for him:” (Acts xii. 5.) and so great power had it, even when the doors were shut and chains lay on him and keepers were sleeping by on either side, that it led the Apostle forth and delivered him from them all. But as where there is virtue, greatness of number hath mighty power; so where wickedness is, it profiteth nothing. For the Israelites of whom He saith that the number of them was as the sand of the sea, perished every one, and those too in the days of Noe were both many, yea, numberless; and yet this profited them nothing. For greatness of number hath no power of itself, but only as an adjunct61    ἐν προσθήκης μέρει..

[6.] Let us then be diligent in coming together in supplication; and let us pray for one another, as they did for the Apostles. For [so] we both fulfil a commandment, and are “anointed62    ἀλειφόμεθα. The metaphor is taken doubtless from the games, but it seemed better to retain it, from its typical connection with the graces of the Holy Spirit.” unto love: (and when I say love, I speak of every good thing:)  and also learn63    “And let us learn.” Benedict. to give thanks with more earnestness: for they that give thanks for the things of others, much more will they for their own. This also was David wont to do, saying, “Magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt His name together;” (Ps. xxxiv. 3.) this the Apostle too doth every where require. This let us too labor in; and let us show forth unto all the beneficence of God that we may get companions in the act of praise: for if when we have received any good from men, by proclaiming it forth we make them the readier to serve us: much more shall we, by telling abroad the benefits of God, draw Him on to more good-will. And if when we have received benefits of men we stir up others also to join us in the giving of thanks, much more ought we to bring many unto God who may give thanks for us. For if Paul who had so great confidence [toward God] doth this, much more is it necessary for us to do it. Let us then exhort the saints to give thanks for us; and let us do the same ourselves for one another. To priests especially this good work belongs, since it is an exceeding privilege64    μέγιστον ἀγαθὸν.. For drawing near, we first give thanks for the whole world and the good things common [to all]. For even though the blessings of God be common, yet doth the common preservation65    ἀλλὰ καὶ σὺ ἐν τῷ κοινῷ ἐσώθης. include thine own; so that thou both owest common thanksgivings for thine own peculiar66    ἰδίας. blessing, and for the common blessings shouldest of right render up thine own peculiar67    ἰδιάζουσαν. praise:  for He lighted up the sun not for thee alone, but also for all in common; but nevertheless thou for thy part hast it whole68    ἐν τῷ μέρει τὸ ὅλον ἔχεις.. For it was made so large for the common good; and yet thou individually seest it as large as all men have seen it; so that thou owest a thanksgiving as great as all together; and thou oughtest to give thanks for what all have in common and likewise for the virtue of others; for on account of others, too, we receive many blessings:  for had there been found in Sodom ten righteous only, they had not suffered what they did. So then let us give thanks also for the confidence of others [toward God]. For this custom is an ancient one, planted in the Church from the beginning. Thus Paul also giveth thanks for the Romans, (Rom. i. 8.) for the Corinthians, (1 Cor. i. 4.) for the whole world, (1 Tim. ii. 1.) And tell me not, “The good work is none of mine;” for though it be none of thine, yet even so oughtest thou to give thanks that thy member is such an one. And besides, by thy acclamation thou makest it thine own, and sharest in the crown, and shalt thyself also receive the gift. On this account it is that the laws of the Church69    See Bingham, Christian Antiqu. book xiv. ch. 5. §. 3. Goar, pp. 70, and 161. command prayer also to be thus made, and that not for the faithful only, but also for the Catechumens. For the law stirreth up the faithful to make supplication for the uninitiated70    ἀμυήτων.. For when the Deacon saith71    The whole Prayer for the Catechumens, as gathered from the Homily, will stand thus. “Let us pray earnestly for the Catechumens, That the all-pitying and merciful God would listen to their prayers, that He would open the ears of their hearts and instil into them the word of truth, that He would sow His fear in them and confirm His faith in their minds, that He would unveil to them the Gospel of righteousness, that He would grant to them a godly mind, sound judgment, and virtuous manner of life; continually to think those things which be His, to mind those things which be His, to practise those things which be His, to be occupied in His law day and night, to remember His commandments, to keep His judgments.   “Let us beseech for them yet more earnestly, That He would deliver them from every evil and inordinate thing, from every devilish sin, and from every besetment of the adversary, that He would count them worthy in due season of the Regeneration of the Laver, of the remission of sins, of the clothing of incorruption, that He would bless their comings in and goings out, the whole course of their life, their houses and households, that He would increase their children and bless them, and bring them to full age, and teach them wisdom, that He would direct all that is before them unto good.   “Stand up. Pray, ye Catechumens, for the Angel of peace, that all that is before you may be peaceful; pray that this day and all the days of your life be full of peace, that your ends may be Christian; commend yourselves to the living God and to His Christ.   “Bow ye the head. All respond aloud, Amen.”   A similar Prayer for the Catechumens, with a few variations, is found in the Apostolic Constitutions, lib. viii. cap. 6. Mr. Field considers it to be of later date than that given above.   “Pray, ye Catechumens, and all ye faithful, pray for them in heart, saying, Lord have mercy. And let the deacon speak for them according to his office, saying for the Catechumens let us all beseech God.   “That the Good [God], the Lover of men, would favorably hearken to their supplications and prayers, and accepting their suppliant addresses would help them, and grant unto them the requests of their hearts as may be expedient for them, and would reveal unto them the Gospel of his Christ, would enlighten them, and give them understanding, would instruct them in the knowledge of God, would teach them His ordinances and judgments, implant in them His pure and saving fear, would open the ears of their hearts to be occupied in His law day and night, and confirm them in godliness, would unite them to, and enrol them in His holy flock counting them worthy of the Laver of Regeneration, the clothing of incorruption, the true life, and would deliver them from all ungodliness, and give none occasion to the enemy* against them, but cleanse them from all filthiness of flesh and spirit, and dwell and walk in them by His Christ, would bless their comings in and goings out, and direct for them all that is before them unto good.   “Let us again earnestly supplicate for them:   “That obtaining remission of their offences by the initiation, they may be counted worthy of the holy mysteries, and of constant communion with the saints.   “Stand up; ye Catechumens. Pray for the peace of God through His Christ, that this day, and all the time of your life, may be peaceful, and without sin, that your ends may be Christian, God merciful and favorable; pray for remission of offences; commend yourselves unto the only unbegotten God through His Christ.   “Bow, and receive the blessing.”   *ἀλλοτρίῳ, literally, the Alien. The word seems to be used in Diodorus and Polybius for hostile, inimical., “Let us pray earnestly for the Catechumens,” he doth no other than excite the whole multitude of the faithful to pray for them; although the Catechumens are as yet aliens. For they are not yet of the Body of Christ, they have not yet partaken of the Mysteries, but are still divided from the spiritual flock. But if we ought to intercede for these, much more for our own members. And even therefore he saith, “earnestly let us pray,” that thou shouldest not disown them as aliens, that thou shouldest not disregard them as strangers. For as yet they have not the appointed72    νενομισμένην. prayer, which Christ brought in; as yet they have not confidence, but have need of others’ aid who have been initiated. For without the king’s courts they stand, far from the sacred precincts73    περιβόλων.. Therefore they are even driven away whilst those awful prayers are being offered. Therefore also he exhorteth thee to pray for them that they may become members of thee, that they may be no longer strangers and aliens. For the words, “Let us pray,” are not addressed to the priests alone, but also to those that make up the people: for when he saith, “Let us stand in order74    Στῶμεν καλῶς.: let us pray;” he exhorteth all to the prayer.

[7.] Then beginning the prayer, he saith, “That the all-pitying and merciful God would listen to their prayers.” For that thou mayest not say, What shall we pray? they are aliens, not yet united [to the body]. Whereby can I constrain75    δυσωπῆσαι. the regard of God? Whence can I prevail with Him to impart unto them mercy and forgiveness? That thou mayest not be perplexed with such questions as these, see how he disentangleth thy perplexity, saying, “that the all-pitying and merciful God.” Heardest thou? “All-pitying God.” Be perplexed no more. For the All-pitying pitieth all, both sinners and friends. Say not then, “How shall I approach Him for them?” Himself will listen to their prayers. And the Catechumens’ prayer, what can it be but that they may not remain Catechumens? Next, he suggesteth also the manner of the prayer. And what is this? “That He would open the ears of their hearts;” for they are as yet shut and stopped up. “Ears,” he saith, not these which be outward, but those of the understanding, “so as to hear ‘the things which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered76    ἀποῤῥήτων. into the heart of man.’” (1 Cor. ii. 9; Is. liv. 4.) For they have not heard the untold mysteries; but they stand somewhere at a distance and far off from them; and even if they should hear, they know not what is said; for those [mysteries] need much understanding, not hearing only: and the inward ears as yet they have not: wherefore also he next invoketh for them a Prophet’s gift, for the Prophet spoke on this wise; “God giveth me the tongue of instruction, that I should know how to speak a word in season; for He opened my mouth; He gave to me betimes in the morning; He granted me a hearing ear.” (Is. i. 4. Sept.) For as the Prophets heard otherwise than the many, so also do the faithful than the Catechumens. Hereby the Catechumen also is taught not to learn to hear these things of men, (for He saith, “Call no man master upon the earth77    rec. text, πατέρα ὑμῶν, (Mat. xxiii. 9.), but from above, from heaven, “For they shall be all taught of God.” (Is. liv. 13.)

Wherefore he says, “And instil78    κατηχήσῃ. into them the word of truth,” so that it may be inwardly learned79    ἐνηχεῖσθαι.; for as yet they know not the word of truth as they ought to know. “That He would sow His fear in them.” But this is not enough; for “some fell by the wayside, and some upon the rock.” But we ask not thus; but as on rich soil the plough openeth the furrows, so we pray it may be here also, that having the fallow ground of their minds80    νεωθέντας ἐν τῷ βάθει τῆς διανοίας. tilled deep, they may receive what is dropped upon them and accurately retain everything they have heard. Whence also he adds, “And confirm His faith in their minds;” that is, that it may not lie on the surface, but strike its root deep downwards. “That He would unveil to them the Gospel of Righteousness.” He showeth that the veil is two-fold, partly that the eyes of their understanding were shut, partly that the Gospel was hidden from them. Whence he said a little above, “that He would open the ears of their hearts,” and here, “that he would unveil unto them the Gospel of Righteousness;” that is, both that He would render them wise and apt for receiving81    προς ὑποδοχὴν. seed, and that He would teach them and drop the seed into them; for though they should be apt, yet if God reveal not, this profiteth nothing; and if God should unveil but they receive not, there resulteth like unprofitableness.  Therefore we ask for both: that He would both open their hearts and unveil the Gospel. For neither if kingly ornaments lie underneath a veil, will it profit at all that the eyes be looking; nor yet that they be laid bare, if the eyes be not waking82    μὴ ἐγρηγορότων.. But both will be granted, if first they83    i.e., the Catechumens. themselves desire it. But what then is “the Gospel of Righteousness?” That which maketh righteous. By these words he leadeth them to the desire of Baptism, showing that the Gospel is for the working84    ποιητικόν. not only of the remission of sins, but also of righteousness.

[8.] “That He would grant to them a godly mind, sound judgment, and virtuous manner of life85    νοῦν ἔνθεον, σώφρονα λογισμὸν καί ἐνάρετον πολιτείαν. It is obvious that “godly” does not come up to the meaning of the original ἔνθεος, “into which God is inspired,” see below..” Let such of the faithful attend as are rivetted86    προσηλωμένοι. to the things of [this] life. For if we are bidden to ask these things for the uninitiated: think in what things we ought to be occupied who ask these things for others. For the manner of life ought to keep pace with87    ἐφάμιλλον. the Gospel. Whence surely also the order of the prayer88    ὀ νόμος τῆς εὐχῆς. shifts from the doctrines [of the Gospel] to the deportment: for to the words, “that He would unveil to them the Gospel of Righteousness;” it hath added, “that He would give unto them a Godly mind.” And what is this “Godly?” That God may dwell in it. For He saith, “I will dwell in them, and walk in them;” (Lev. xxvi. 12.) for when the mind is become righteous, when it hath put off its sins, it becometh God’s dwelling. (Rom. vi. 16.) But when God indwelleth, nothing of man will be left. And thus doth the mind become Godly, speaking every word from Him, even as in truth an house of God dwelling in it. Surely then the filthy in speech hath not a Godly mind, nor he who delighteth in jesting and laughter.

“Sound judgment.” And what can it be to have “a sound judgment?” To enjoy the health that pertaineth to the soul: for he that is held down by wicked lusts and dazzled89    ἐπτοημένος. with present things, never can be sound, that is, healthy. But as one who is diseased lusteth even after things which are unfit for him, so also doth he. “And a virtuous mode of life,” for the doctrines need a mode of life [answerable]. Attend to this, ye who come to baptism at the close of life, for we indeed pray that after baptism ye may have also this deportment, but thou art seeking and doing thy utmost to depart without it. For, what though thou be justified90    δίκαιος.: yet is it of faith only. But we pray that thou shouldest have as well the confidence that cometh of good works.

“Continually to think those things which be His, to mind those things which be His, to practise91    μελετᾶν. those things which be His:” for we ask not to have sound judgment and virtuous deportment for one day only, or for two or three, but through the whole tenor and period92    τοῦ βίου καὶ τῆς ζωῆς. of our life; and as the foundation of all good things, “to mind those things which be His.” For the many “seek their own, not the things which are Jesus Christ’s.” (Philip. ii. 21.) How then might this be? (For besides prayer, need is that we contribute also our own endeavors.) If we be93    καταγινώμεθα. occupied in His law day and night. Whence he goeth on to ask this also, “to be occupied in His law;” and as he said above, “continually,” so here “day and night.” Wherefore I even blush for these who scarce once in the year are seen in church. For what excuse can they have who are bidden not simply “day and night” to commune with the law but “to be occupied in,” that is, to be for ever holding converse with it94    προσαδολεσχειν., and yet scarce do so for the smallest fraction of their life?

“To remember His commandments, to keep His judgments.” Seest thou what an excellent chain is here? and how each link hangs by the next compacted with more strength and beauty than any chain of gold? For having asked for a Godly mind, he telleth whereby this may be produced. Whereby? By continually practising95    μελετᾶν. it. And how might this be brought about? By constantly giving heed to the Law. And how might men be persuaded to this? If they should keep His Commandments: yea rather, from giving heed to the law cometh also the keeping His Commandments; as likewise from minding the things which be His and from having a Godly mind, cometh the practising the things which be His. For each of the things mentioned jointly96    συγκατασκευάζέι. procureth and is procured by the next, both linking it and being linked by it.

[9.] “Let us beseech for them yet more earnestly.” For since by length of speaking the soul useth to grow drowsy, he again arouseth it up, for he purposeth to ask again certain great and lofty things. Wherefore he saith, “Let us beseech for them yet more earnestly.” And what is this?  “That He would deliver them from every evil and inordinate97    ἀτόπου. thing.” Here we ask for them that they may not enter into temptation, but be delivered from every snare, a deliverance as well bodily as spiritual98    The Benedictine Ed. reads σωματικῶν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ πνευματικῶν, every snare both bodily and spiritual.. Wherefore also he goeth on to say, “from every devilish sin and from every99    περιστάσεως. besetment of the adversary,” meaning, temptations and sins. For sin doth easily beset, taking its stand on every side, before, behind, and so casting down. For, after telling us what ought to be done by us, namely, to be occupied in His law, to remember His Commandments, to keep His judgments, he assures us next that not even is this enough, except Himself stand by and succor. For, “Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it;” (Ps. cxxvii. 1.) and especially in the case of those who are yet exposed to the devil and are under his dominion. And ye that are initiated know this well. For call to mind, for instance, those words wherein ye renounced100    See Bingham, Antiq. l. xi. c. 8. §. 2. &c. his usurped101    τυραννίδι. rule, and bent the knee and deserted to The King, and uttered those awful102    φρικώδη. words whereby we are taught in nothing whatever to obey him. But he calleth him adversary and accuser, because he both accuseth God to man and us to God, and us again one to another. For at one time he accused Job to God, saying, “Doth Job serve the Lord for nought?” (Job i. 9. LXX. ver. 16.) at another time God to Job, “Fire came down from heaven.” And again, God to Adam, (Gen. iii. 5.) when He said their eyes would be opened. And to many men at this day, saying, that God taketh no care for the visible order of things, but hath delegated your affairs to demons103    δαίμοσιν.. And to many of the Jews he accused Christ, calling Him a deceiver and a sorcerer. But perchance some one wisheth to hear in what manner he worketh. When he findeth not a godly mind, findeth not a sound understanding, then, as into a soul left empty, he leads his revel thither104    ὡς εἰς ἐρήμην κωμάζει ψυχήν. This clause is inserted from Mr. Field’s text, who gives the authority of three mss.; when one remembereth not the commandments of God nor keepeth His judgments, then he taketh him captive and departeth. Had Adam, for instance, remembered the commandment which said, “Of every tree thou mayest eat:” (Gen. ii. 16.) had he kept the judgment which said, “In the day in which ye eat thereof, then105    LXX. om. τότε. shall ye surely die;” it had not fared with him as it did.

“That He would count them worthy in due season of the regeneration of the laver, of the remission of sins.” For we ask some things to come now, some to come hereafter; and we expound the doctrine106    φιλοσοφοῦμεν. of the laver, and in asking instruct them to know its power. For what is said thenceforth familiarizes them to know already that what is there done is a regeneration, and that we are born again of the waters, just as of the womb; that they say not after Nicodemus, “How107    John iii. 4. rec. text, ἂνθρωπος, not τις, also δεύτερον, not ἂνωθεν. can one be born when he is old!  Can he enter into his mother’s womb, and be born again?” Then, because he had spoken of “remission of sins,” he confirmeth this by the words next following, “of the clothing of incorruption;” for he that putteth on sonship plainly becometh incorruptible. But what is that “in due season?” When any is well disposed, when any cometh thereunto with earnestness and faith; for this is the “due season” of the believer.

[10.] “That He would bless their coming in and their going out, the whole course of their life.” Here they are directed to ask even for some bodily good, as being yet somewhat weak. “Their houses and their households,” that is, if they have servants or kinsfolk or any others belonging to them. For these were the rewards of the old Covenant; and nothing then was feared so much as widowhood, childlessness, untimely mournings, to be visited with famine, to have their affairs go on unprosperously. And hence it is, that he alloweth these also fondly108    ἐμφιλοχωρεῖν. to linger over petitions rather material109    σωματικωτέραις., making them mount by little and little to higher things. For so too doth Christ; so too doth Paul, making mention of the ancient blessings: Christ, when He saith, “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth;” Paul, when he saith, “Honor thy father and thy mother.…and thou shalt live long on the earth.” “That He would increase their children and bless them, and bring them to full age, and teach110    σοφίσῃ. them wisdom.” Here again is both a bodily and spiritual thing, as for persons yet but too much babes in disposition. Then what follows is altogether spiritual, “that He would direct all that is before them111    τὰ προκείμενα. unto good;” for he saith not simply, “all that is before them,” but, “all that is before them unto good.” For often a journey is before a man, but it is not good; or some other such thing, which is not profitable. Hereby they are taught in every thing to give thanks to God, as happening for good. After all this, he bids them stand up during what follows. For having before cast them to the ground, when they have asked what they have asked and have been filled with confidence, now the word112    ὁ λόγος. given raiseth them up, and biddeth them during what follows engage for themselves also in supplication to God. For part we say ourselves, and part we permit them to say, now opening unto them the door of prayer, (exactly as we first teach children [what to say], and then bid them say it of themselves,) saying, “Pray ye, Catechumens, for the angel of peace;” for there is an angel that punisheth, as when He saith, “A band of evil angels,” (Ps. lxxviii. 49.) there is that destroyeth. Wherefore we bid them ask for the angel of peace, teaching them to seek that which is the bond of all good things, peace; so that they may be delivered from all fightings, all wars, all seditions. “That all that is before you may be peaceful;” for even if a thing be burdensome, if a man have peace, it is light. Wherefore Christ also said, “My peace I give unto you” (John  xiv. 27.) for the devil hath no weapon so strong as fighting, and enmity, and war. “Pray that this day and all the days of your life be full113    εἰρηνικὴν. of peace.” Seest thou how he again insisteth that the whole life be passed in virtue? “That your ends be Christian;” your highest good, the honorable and the expedient114    Some include the words τὸ καλὸν και τὸ συμφέρον in the form of prayer.; for what is not honorable is not expedient either. For our idea of the nature of expediency is different from that of the many. “Commend yourselves to the living God and to His Christ;” for as yet we trust them not to pray for others, but it is sufficient115    ἀγαπητὸν. to be able to pray for themselves.

Seest thou the completeness of this prayer, both in regard of doctrine and of behavior? for when we have mentioned the Gospel and the clothing of incorruption and the Laver of Regeneration, we have mentioned all the doctrines: when again we spoke of a Godly mind, a sound understanding, and the rest of what we said, we suggested116    ᾐνιξάμεθα. the mode of life. Then we bid them117    The same direction was also given to the Energumeni. See de Incomprehens. Nat. Hom. 3. §. 7. and 4. §. 4. bow their heads; regarding it as a proof of their prayers being heard that God blessed them. For surely it is not a man that blesseth; but by means of his hand and his tongue we bring unto the King Himself the heads of those that are present. And all together shout the “Amen.”

Now why have I said all this? To teach you that we ought to seek the things of others, that the faithful may not think it no concern of theirs when these things are said. For not to the walls surely doth the Deacon say, “Let us pray for the Catechumens.” But some are so without understanding, so stupid, so depraved118    διαλελυμένοι., as to stand and talk not only during the time of the Catechumens, but also during the time of the faithful. Hence all is perverted; hence all is utterly lost: for at the very time when we ought most to propitiate God, we go away having provoked Him. So again in [the prayers of] the faithful119    ἐπὶ τῶν πιστῶν., we are bidden to approach the God that loveth men, for Bishops, for Priests, for Kings, for those in authority, for earth and sea, for the seasons120    ὑπὲρ ἁέρων., for the whole world. When then we who ought to have such boldness as to pray for others, are scarce awake even whilst praying for ourselves, how can we excuse ourselves? how find pardon? Wherefore I beseech you that laying all this to heart, ye would know the time of prayer, and be lifted up and disengaged from earth, and touch the vault itself of heaven; so that we may have power to make God propitious and obtain the good things promised, whereunto may we all attain, through the grace and love towards men of our Lord Jesus Christ; with Whom unto the Father, together with the Holy Ghost, be glory, might, honor, now and for ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Βʹ. Εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως καὶ σωτηρίας, τῆς ἐνεργουμένης ἐν ὑπομονῇ τῶν αὐτῶν παθημάτων, ὧν καὶ ἡμεῖς πάσχο μεν: καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν. αʹ. Εἰπὼν μίαν καὶ πρώτην παρακλήσεως καὶ παραμυθίας ἀφορμὴν (αὕτη δὲ ἦν τὸ τῷ Χριστῷ κοινωνεῖν), τίθησι καὶ δευτέραν ταύτην ἥν φησιν. Ἔστι δὲ αὕτη, τὸ αὐτῶν τῶν μαθητευομένων ἐντεῦθεν κατασκευάζεσθαι τὴν σωτηρίαν. Μὴ τοίνυν καταπέσητε, φησὶν, ἐπειδὴ θλιβόμεθα, μηδὲ θορυβηθῆτε καὶ δείσητε: καὶ γὰρ δι' αὐτὸ τοῦτο μᾶλλον ἂν εἴη δίκαιον ὑμᾶς θαῤῥεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἐθλιβόμεθα, πάντας ἂν ὑμᾶς ταῦτα ἀπώλεσε. Πῶς καὶ τίνα τρόπον; Ὅτι εἰ μαλακισθέντες καὶ τὰ δεινὰ δείσαντες, μὴ ἐκηρύξαμεν ὑμῖν τὸν λόγον, ὥστε μαθεῖν τὴν ἀληθῆ γνῶσιν, ἐν ἐσχάτοις ἦν τὰ ὑμέτερα. Εἶδες πάλιν Παύλου τὴν βίαν καὶ τὴν φιλονεικίαν; ἀφ' ὧν ἐθορυβοῦντο, ἀπὸ τούτων αὐτοὺς παραμυθεῖται. Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν ἐπιτείνηται τὰ τῶν διωγμῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων, φησὶ, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον ἐπιδιδόναι δεῖ τὰ τῆς χρηστῆς ἐλπίδος ὑμῖν: ἐπειδὴ καὶ τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον αὔξεται τὰ τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ὑμετέρας, καὶ τὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως. Τί γὰρ ἴσον εἰς παρακλήσεως λόγον τοῦ τοσούτων ἐπιτυχεῖν ἀγαθῶν διὰ τοῦ κηρύγματος; Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ εἰς ἑαυτὸν μόνον τὸ ἐγκώμιον περιιστᾷν, ὅρα πῶς καὶ ἐκείνους ποιεῖ τῶν ἐπαίνων τούτων κοινωνούς. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως καὶ σωτηρίας, ἐπήγαγε, Τῆς ἐνεργουμένης ἐν ὑπομονῇ τῶν αὐτῶν παθημάτων, ὧν καὶ ἡμεῖς πάσχομεν. Σαφέστερον μὲν οὖν αὐτὸ τίθησιν ὕστερον λέγων οὕτως: ὅτι Ὥσπερ κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτω καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως: ἐνταῦθα δὲ τέως αὐτὸ ᾐνίξατο εἰπὼν, Τῶν αὐτῶν παθημάτων, καὶ κοινώσας τὸν λόγον. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστιν: Οὐχ ἡμῶν ἔργον ἡ ὑμετέρα σωτηρία μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς κηρύττοντες θλιβόμεθα, καὶ ὑμεῖς δεχόμενοι τὸν λόγον, τὰ αὐτὰ πάσχετε: ἡμεῖς μὲν, ἵνα μεταδῶμεν ἅπερ ἐλάβομεν: ὑμεῖς δὲ, ἵνα τὸ διδόμενον δέξησθε, καὶ μὴ ἀποβάλητε. Τί τοίνυν ἴσον τῆς ταπεινοφροσύνης ταύτης γένοιτ' ἂν, ὅταν καὶ τοὺς τοσοῦτον αὐτοῦ ἀποδέοντας, εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ἀξίωμα τῆς ὑπομονῆς ἀνάγῃ; Τῆς ἐνεργουμένης γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν ὑπομονῇ τῶν αὐτῶν παθημάτων. Οὐ γὰρ διὰ τοῦ πιστεῦσαι μόνον ἡ σωτηρία ὑμῶν γίνεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τοῦ πάσχειν τὰ αὐτὰ ἡμῖν καὶ ὑπομένειν. Καθάπερ γὰρ παγκρατιαστὴς θαυμαστὸς μὲν ἔστι, καὶ φαινόμενος καὶ εὐεκτῶν καὶ τὴν τέχνην ἔχων ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ὅταν δὲ ἐνεργῇ καὶ φέρῃ πληγὰς καὶ πλήττῃ τὸν ἀντίπαλον, τότε μάλιστα ἀπολάμπει, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τότε μάλιστα ἐνεργεῖται αὐτοῦ ἡ εὐεξία, καὶ διαδείκνυται τῆς τέχνης ἡ δοκιμή: οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡ σωτηρία ὑμῶν τότε ἐνεργεῖται μειζόνως, τουτέστι, δείκνυται, αὔξεται, ἐπιτείνεται, ὅταν ὑπομονὴν ἔχῃ, ὅταν πάσχῃ καὶ γενναίως ἅπαντα φέρῃ. Ἄρα ἐνέργεια σωτηρίας, οὐ τὸ ποιεῖν κακῶς, ἀλλὰ τὸ πάσχειν κακῶς. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Τῆς ἐνεργούσης, ἀλλὰ, Τῆς ἐνεργουμένης, δεικνὺς ὅτι μετὰ τῆς αὐτῶν προθυμίας καὶ ἡ χάρις πολλὰ εἰσέφερεν ἐνεργοῦσα ἐν αὐτοῖς. Καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν. Τουτέστιν, ὅτι Κἂν μυρία πάσχητε δεινὰ, θαῤῥοῦμεν ὅτι οὐ περιτραπήσεσθε, οὔτε ἐπὶ τοῖς ὑμετέροις διωγμοῖς. Τοσοῦτον γὰρ ἀπέχομεν ὑποπτεύειν ὑμᾶς, ἐφ' οἷς αὐτοὶ πάσχομεν, ὡς θορυβουμένους, ὅτι ἡνίκα ἂν αὐτοὶ κινδυνεύητε, καὶ τότε θαῤῥοῦμεν. Εἶδες ὅση γέγονεν αὐτῶν ἐπίδοσις ἀπὸ τῆς προτέρας Ἐπιστολῆς; Πολὺ γὰρ μείζονα αὐτοῖς ἐμαρτύρησε Μακεδόνων, οὓς ἐπαίρει καὶ ἐγκωμιάζει πανταχοῦ τῆς Ἐπιστολῆς ἐκείνης. Ὑπὲρ μὲν γὰρ ἐκείνων δέδοικε, καί φησιν: Ἐπέμψαμεν ὑμῖν Τιμόθεον εἰς τὸ στηρίξαι ὑμᾶς, καὶ παρακαλέσαι ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως, εἰς τὸ μηδένα σαίνεσθαι ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσι ταύταις: αὐτοὶ γὰρ οἴδατε, ὅτι εἰς τοῦτο κείμεθα: καὶ πάλιν, Διὰ τοῦτο μηκέτι στέγων, ἔπεμψα εἰς τὸ γνῶναι τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν, μή πως ἐπείρασεν ὑμᾶς ὁ πειράζων, καὶ εἰς κενὸν γένηται ὁ κόπος ἡμῶν. Περὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδὲν τοιοῦτόν φησιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὐναντίον, ὅτι Ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν. Εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως καὶ σωτηρίας: εἰδότες ὅτι ὥσπερ κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτω καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως. Ὅτι μὲν γὰρ δι' αὐτοὺς ἐθλίβοντο οἱ ἀπόστολοι, ἀπέδειξεν εἰπὼν, ὅτι Εἴτε θλιβόμεθα, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως καὶ σωτηρίας. Βούλεται δὲ δεῖξαι, ὅτι καὶ δι' αὐτοὺς παρεκαλοῦντο. Εἶπε μὲν οὖν αὐτὸ καὶ ἀνωτέρω, εἰ καὶ ἀδιορίστως: Εὐλογητὸς γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ Θεὸς ὁ παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς ἐν πάσῃ θλίψει, εἰς τὸ δύνασθαι ἡμᾶς παρακαλεῖν τοὺς ἐν πάσῃ θλίψει. Λέγει δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν ἑτέρως, σαφέστερόν τε καὶ θεραπευτικώτερον. Εἴτε γὰρ παρακαλούμεθα, φησὶν, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστιν: Ἡ παράκλησις ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν γίνεται παραψυχὴ, καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ διὰ λόγου παρακαλεῖν ὑμᾶς. Ἂν μικρὸν ἀναπνεύσωμεν μόνον ἡμεῖς, ἀρκεῖ τοῦτο εἰς παραμυθίαν ὑμῖν: κἂν αὐτοὶ παρακληθῶμεν, ὑμετέρα τοῦτο παράκλησις γίνεται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰ παθήματα τὰ ἡμέτερα ὑμέτερα εἶναι νομίζετε: οὕτω καὶ τὴν παράκλησιν τὴν ἡμετέραν ὑμετέραν ἡγεῖσθε. Οὐ γὰρ δήπου ἐν τοῖς δυσχερέσι κοινωνοῦντες, ἐν τοῖς χρηστοτέροις οὐ κοινωνήσετε. Εἰ τοίνυν ἐν πᾶσι κοινωνεῖτε, καὶ ἐν θλίψει καὶ ἐν παρακλήσει: οὐδὲν ἡμῖν ἐγκαλέσετε ὑπὲρ τῆς μελλήσεως καὶ τῆς βραδύτητος ταύτης: καὶ γὰρ θλιβόμεθα ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, καὶ παρακαλούμεθα δι' ὑμᾶς. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις νομίσῃ βαρὺ τὸ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Δι' ὑμᾶς ταῦτα πάσχομεν, λέγει ὅτι Καὶ δι' ὑμᾶς παρακαλούμεθα: καὶ οὔτε μόνοι κινδυνεύομεν ἡμεῖς: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὑμεῖς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν αὐτῶν παθημάτων, φησίν. βʹ. Ὥστε καὶ τὸ κοινωνοὺς αὐτοὺς λαβεῖν τῶν κινδύνων, καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως αὐτῶν αὐτοῖς ἀναθεῖναι τὴν αἰτίαν, καταπραΰνειν τὸν λόγον. Ἄν τε οὖν ἐπιβουλευώμεθα, θαῤῥεῖτε: ἵνα γὰρ ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν δυνατωτέρα γίνηται, τοῦτο ὑπομένομεν: κἂν παρακαλώμεθα, ὑμεῖς ἐναβρύνεσθε καὶ τούτῳ: καὶ γὰρ δι' ὑμᾶς τούτων ἀπολαύομεν, ὥστε κἀντεῦθεν ὑμῖν γενέσθαι τινὰ παραμυθίαν κοινωνοῦσιν ἡμῖν τῆς ἡδονῆς. Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτον λέγει τὸν τρόπον τῆς παρακλήσεως νῦν, ὃν ἐκαρποῦτο, οὐ διὰ τοῦ παρακαλεῖσθαι παρ' αὐτῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τοῦ μανθάνειν αὐτοὺς ἐν ἀνέσει ὄντας, ἄκουσον τῶν ἑξῆς, δι' ὧν αὐτὸ ἐξεκάλυψεν εἰπών: Εἰδότες ὅτι ὥσπερ κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτω καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως. Ὥσπερ γὰρ διωκομένων ἡμῶν ἀλγεῖτε, ὡς αὐτοὶ τοῦτο πάσχοντες: οὕτως ἴσμεν ὅτι καὶ παρακαλουμένων, αὐτοὶ τούτων παραπολαύειν νομίζετε. Τί ταύτης ταπεινοφρονέστερον τῆς ψυχῆς; ὃς ἐν μὲν τοῖς κινδύνοις τοσοῦτον πλεονεκτῶν, κοινωνοὺς καλεῖ τοὺς οὐδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν αὐτῶν ὑπομένοντας: ἐν δὲ τῇ παρακλήσει τὴν αἰτίαν ἅπασαν ἐκείνοις λογίζεται, οὐ τοῖς οἰκείοις πόνοις. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ περὶ θλίψεων ἀδιορίστως ἔλεγε, λέγει λοιπὸν καὶ τὸν τόπον, καθ' ὃν ταῦτα ὑπέμενον: Οὐ γὰρ θέλομεν ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοὶ, περὶ τῆς θλίψεως ἡμῶν τῆς γενομένης ἡμῖν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγομεν, φησὶν, ἵνα μὴ ἀγνοῆτε τὰ συμβάντα ἡμῖν. Καὶ γὰρ βουλόμεθα ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι τὰ ἡμέτερα, καὶ σφόδρα τοῦτο ἐσπουδάκαμεν: ὅπερ μέγιστον ἀγάπης σημεῖόν ἐστι. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ ἦν Ἐπιστολῇ προμηνύσας, καὶ εἰπὼν, ὅτι Θύρα γάρ μοι ἀνέῳγε μεγάλη καὶ ἐνεργὴς, καὶ οἱ ἀντικείμενοι πολλοὶ ἐν τῇ Ἐφέσῳ. Ἐκείνων οὖν αὐτοὺς ἀναμιμνήσκων, καὶ διηγούμενος ὅσα ἔπαθε, φησίν: Οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν ὑπὲρ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς γενομένης ἡμῖν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ Ἐφεσίοις ἐπιστέλλων ἔλεγε: Τυχικὸν γὰρ ἀποστείλας πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ταύτην ἔφη τῆς ἀποδημίας εἶναι τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτῷ: διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν: Ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε καὶ ὑμεῖς τὰ κατ' ἐμὲ, τί πράσσω, πάντα ὑμῖν γνωρίσει Τυχικὸς, ὁ ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς διάκονος ἐν Κυρίῳ, ὃν ἔπεμψα πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ἵνα γνῶτε τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν, καὶ παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν. Καὶ ἐν ἄλλαις δὲ Ἐπιστολαῖς αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιεῖ. Καὶ οὐκ ἔστι παρέλκον, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ἀναγκαῖον: τοῦτο μὲν διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην, ἣν σφόδρα περὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς εἶχε, τοῦτο δὲ διὰ τοὺς συνεχεῖς πειρασμοὺς, ἐν οἷς μεγίστη ἦν παραμυθία τὸ τὰ ἀλλήλων εἰδέναι, ὥστε καὶ λυπηρῶν ὄντων παρασκευάζεσθαι καὶ ἐναγωνίους εἶναι καὶ ἀσφαλεστέρους, καὶ χρηστῶν ὄντων συνήδεσθαι. Ἐνταῦθα μέντοι καὶ ἀπαλλαγὴν καὶ ἐπαγωγὴν μηνύει πειρασμῶν λέγων: Ὅτι καθ' ὑπερβολὴν ἐβαρήθημεν ὑπὲρ δύναμιν: καθάπερ φορτίῳ τινὶ μεγάλῳ βαπτιζόμενον πλοῖον. Καὶ δοκεῖ μὲν ἕν τι εἰρηκέναι, εἰπὼν, Καθ' ὑπερβολὴν, καὶ, Ὑπὲρ δύναμιν: οὐκ ἔστι δὲ ἓν, ἀλλὰ δύο ταῦτα. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις λέγῃ, Τί γὰρ, εἰ καθ' ὑπερβολὴν μὲν ὁ κίνδυνος ἦν, ὑμῖν δὲ οὐ μέγας ἦν; ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Καὶ μέγας ἦν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν ἐνίκα τὴν ἡμετέραν, καὶ οὕτως ἐνίκα, ὡς ἐξαπορηθῆναι ἡμᾶς καὶ τοῦ ζῇν, τουτέστι, μηδὲ προσδοκῆσαι λοιπὸν ἡμᾶς ζῇν. Ὅπερ ὁ Δαυῒδ πύλας ᾅδου καλεῖ, καὶ ὠδῖνας καὶ σκιὰν θανάτου, τοῦτο δὴ καὶ αὐτός φησιν, ὅτι Κίνδυνον ὑπεμείναμεν πάντως θάνατον τίκτοντα. Ἀλλ' αὐτοὶ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου ἐσχήκαμεν, ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ τῷ ἐγείροντι τοὺς νεκρούς. Τί ἐστι, Τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου; Τὴν ψῆφον, τὴν κρίσιν, τὴν προσδοκίαν. Τοιαύτην γὰρ ἠφίει τὰ πράγματα φωνὴν, τοιαύτην ἀπόκρισιν ἐδίδου τὰ συμβάντα, ὅτι ἀποθανούμεθα πάντως. Οὐ μὴν μέχρι τῆς πείρας ἐξέβη τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ μέχρι τῆς ὑπονοίας ἔστη τῆς ἡμετέρας. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ τῶν πραγμάτων φύσις τοῦτο ἀπεφήνατο: ἡ δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ δύναμις οὐκ ἀφῆκε τὴν ἀπόφασιν εἰς ἔργον ἐξελθεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ μόνῃ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ προσδοκίᾳ τοῦτο συμβῆναι συνεχώρησε: διό φησιν: Ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου ἐσχήκαμεν, οὐκ ἐν τῇ πείρᾳ. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν συνεχώρησε τοσοῦτον κίνδυνον, ὡς ἀπελπίσαι ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀπογνῶναι; Ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ. γʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν ὁ Παῦλος, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ αὐτὸς οὕτω διέκειτο, ἄπαγε, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐν τοῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ λεγομένοις ῥυθμίζων, ἅμα δὲ καὶ μετριάζειν ἐσπουδακώς: ἐπεὶ καὶ προϊών φησιν: Ἐδόθη μοι σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκὶ, τοὺς πειρασμοὺς λέγων, ἵνα μὴ ὑπεραίρωμαι. Καίτοι ὁ Θεὸς οὐ διὰ τοῦτό φησιν αὐτοὺς συγκεχωρηκέναι, ἀλλὰ δι' ἑτέραν αἰτίαν. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Ἵνα ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ διαλάμψῃ μειζόνως: Ἀρκεῖ γάρ σοι, φησὶν, ἡ χάρις μου: ἡ γὰρ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται. Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἔφην, οὐδαμοῦ ἐπιλανθάνεται τοῦ οἰκείου ἤθους, ἐν τοῖς σφόδρα καταδεεστέροις ἑαυτὸν ἀριθμῶν, καίτοι πολλῆς δεομένοις παιδαγωγίας καὶ διορθώσεως. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τοὺς τυχόντας εἷς καὶ δεύτερος πειρασμὸς ἱκανὸς ἐπελθὼν σωφρονίσαι: πῶς ἐκεῖνος ὁ πάντων ἀνθρώπων μάλιστα ταπεινοφροσύνην ἀσκήσας διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου, καὶ τοσαῦτα παθὼν ὡς μηδεὶς ἀνθρώπων, μετὰ τοσαῦτα ἔτη καὶ φιλοσοφίαν τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀξίαν, ταύτης ἐδεῖτο τῆς νουθεσίας; Ὅθεν δῆλον ὅτι καὶ μετριάζων ἐνταῦθα, καὶ τοὺς ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς μέγα φρονοῦντας καὶ ἀλαζονευομένους καταστέλλων λέγει: Ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς αὐτοὺς καὶ ταύτῃ θεραπεύει. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ πειρασμοὶ, φησὶ, δι' ὑμᾶς ἡμῖν ἐπενεχθῆναι συνεχωρήθησαν: τοσούτου τιμᾶται ὑμᾶς ὁ Θεός: Εἴτε γὰρ θλιβόμεθα, φησὶν, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως καὶ σωτηρίας: ἡ δὲ ὑπερβολὴ δι' ἡμᾶς, ἵνα μὴ μέγα φρονῶμεν: Καθ' ὑπερβολὴν γὰρ ἐβαρήθημεν καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν, ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ τῷ ἐγείροντι τοὺς νεκρούς. Πάλιν τοῦ περὶ ἀναστάσεως ἀναμιμνήσκει λόγου, ὑπὲρ οὗ τοσαῦτα εἶπεν ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ Ἐπιστολῇ, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων αὐτὴν βεβαιῶν: διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγεν: Ὃς ἐκ τηλικούτων θανάτων ἐῤῥύσατο ἡμᾶς. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐκ τοσούτων κινδύνων, ὁμοῦ μὲν δεικνὺς τὸ ἀφόρητον τῶν πειρασμῶν, ὁμοῦ δὲ ἐκεῖνον, ὅνπερ ἔφην, πιστούμενος τὸν λόγον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ μέλλον πρᾶγμα ἡ ἀνάστασις ἦν, δείκνυσιν ὅτι τοῦτο καθ' ἑκάστην γίνεται τὴν ἡμέραν. Ὅταν γὰρ ἄνθρωπον ἀπογνωσθέντα, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὰς ἐλθόντα τοῦ ᾅδου τὰς πύλας ἀνελκύσῃ, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ ἀνάστασιν ἐπιδείκνυται, ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ στόματος ἀνασπῶν τοῦ θανάτου τὸν ἐμπεσόντα. Διὸ καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀπογνωσθέντων, εἶτα ἀνενεγκόντων ἐξ ἀῤῥωστίας χαλεπῆς, ἢ ἐκ πειρασμῶν ἀφορήτων, ἔθος τοῦτο λέγειν: Ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν ἑωράκαμεν ἐπὶ τοῦδε. Ἠλπίκαμεν δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἔτι ῥύσεται, συνυπουργούντων καὶ ὑμῶν τῇ δεήσει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν: ἵνα ἐν πολλῷ προσώπῳ τὸ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστηθῇ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. Ἐπειδὴ τὸ, Ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς, κοινὸν ἐδόκει εἶναι ἔγκλημα καὶ κατηγορία καὶ ἐκείνων ἐνίους αἰνιττομένη, παραμυθεῖται πάλιν τὸ εἰρημένον, τὰς εὐχὰς τὰς ἐκείνων ἀντὶ προστασίας μεγάλης καλῶν καὶ δεικνὺς ἅμα, ὅτι διαπαντὸς ἐναγώνιον εἶναι χρὴ τὸν βίον τὸν ἡμέτερον. Τῷ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Ἠλπίκαμεν δὲ ὅτι καὶ ῥύσεται, πολλῶν προαναφωνεῖ πειρασμῶν νιφάδας, οὐ μὴν ἐγκατάλειψιν οὐδαμοῦ, ἀλλὰ βοήθειαν πάλιν καὶ συμμαχίαν. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ, ἀκούοντες ὅτι διηνεκῶς μέλλουσι κινδυνεύειν, καταπέσωσιν, ἔδειξε πρότερον τῶν κινδύνων τὸ ὄφελος, οἷον τὸ, Ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς: τουτέστιν, Ἵνα ἐν διηνεκεῖ ταπεινοφροσύνῃ κατέχῃ ἡμᾶς: καὶ ἵνα ἡ σωτηρία αὐτῶν ἐνεργῆται, καὶ ἕτερα γοῦν πλείονα: τὸ τῷ Χριστῷ κοινωνεῖν: Περισσεύει γὰρ, φησὶ, τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν ἡμῖν: τὸ ὑπὲρ τῶν πιστῶν πάσχειν: Εἴτε γὰρ, φησὶ, θλιβόμεθα, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως καὶ σωτηρίας: τὸ καὶ αὐτὴν ταύτην διαλάμπειν μειζόνως: Τῆς ἐνεργουμένης γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν ὑπομονῇ τῶν αὐτῶν παθημάτων: τὸ καρτερικοὺς γίνεσθαι: καὶ ἔτι πρὸς τούτοις, τὸ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ὁρᾷν πρὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν διαλάμπουσαν: Ἐκ τηλικούτων γὰρ θανάτων ἐῤῥύσατο ἡμᾶς: τὸ ἐναγωνίους εἶναι καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν διηνεκῶς ὁρᾷν: Ἠλπίκαμεν γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅτι καὶ ῥύσεται: τὸ εὐχαῖς προσηλῶσθαι: Συνυπουργούντων γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ ὑμῶν τῇ δεήσει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. Δείξας τοίνυν τὸ κέρδος τῶν θλίψεων, εἶτα ἐναγωνίους ποιήσας, ἀλείφει πάλιν αὐτῶν τὰ φρονήματα, καὶ προθυμοτέρους εἰς ἀρετὴν ποιεῖ, μεγάλα αὐτῶν μαρτυρῶν ταῖς εὐχαῖς, εἴ γε ταύταις Παῦλον ἐχαρίσαντο: Συνυπουργούντων γὰρ ὑμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τῇ δεήσει, φησί. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἵνα ἐν πολλῷ προσώπῳ τὸ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστηθῇ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν; Ἐῤῥύσατο ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῶν θανάτων ἐκείνων, συνυπουργούντων καὶ ὑμῶν τῇ δεήσει, φησί: τουτέστιν, Εὐχομένων πάντων ὑμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. Τὸ γὰρ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα, τουτέστι, τὴν σωτηρίαν τὴν ἡμετέραν ἐβουλήθη πᾶσιν ὑμῖν χαρίσασθαι, ἵνα τὰ πολλὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῷ εὐχαριστήσῃ, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὰ πολλὰ τὴν χάριν ἔλαβε. δʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν, ὁμοῦ μὲν καὶ εἰς τὰς ὑπὲρ ἑτέρων εὐχὰς αὐτοὺς διεγείρων, ὁμοῦ δὲ ἐθίζων καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν ἂν ἕτεροι πάθωσιν, εὐχαριστεῖν ἀεὶ τῷ Θεῷ, δεικνὺς ὅτι μάλιστα τοῦτο βούλεται καὶ αὐτός. Οἱ γὰρ μελετήσαντες ὑπὲρ ἑτέρων ταῦτα ποιεῖν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν ἐπιδείξονται ταῦτα ἀμφότερα. Πρὸς δὲ τούτοις, καὶ ταπεινοφροσύνην αὐτοὺς διδάσκει, καὶ εἰς ἀγάπην ἄγει θερμοτέραν. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸς ὁ τοσοῦτον αὐτῶν ὑψηλότερος ὢν, ἐκ τῶν εὐχῶν ἐκείνων σεσῶσθαί φησι, καὶ χάρισμα αὐτῶν ταῖς δεήσεσι δεδόσθαι αὐτῷ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐννόησον πῶς ἐκείνους ἔδει διακεῖσθαι καὶ μετριάζειν. Σὺ δέ μοι κἀκεῖνο σκόπει, ὅτι κἂν ἀπὸ οἰκτιρμῶν ὁ Θεός τι ποιῇ, μεγάλα ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἡ εὐχὴ συμβάλλεται. Ἀρχόμενος μὲν γὰρ, τοῖς οἰκτιρμοῖς αὐτοῦ τὴν σωτηρίαν ἐλογίσατο: Ὁ Θεὸς γὰρ, φησὶ, τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν, αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς ἐῤῥύσατο: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ ταῖς εὐχαῖς: ἐπεὶ κἀκεῖνον τὸν τὰ μύρια ὀφείλοντα τάλαντα, μετὰ τὸ προσπεσεῖν ἠλέησε, καίτοι γε εἴρηται, ὅτι Σπλαγχνισθεὶς ἀπέλυσεν αὐτόν: καὶ τῇ Χαναναίᾳ δὲ μετὰ τὴν πολλὴν προσεδρίαν ἐκείνην καὶ καρτερίαν τότε ἐχαρίσατο τῆς θυγατρὸς τὴν σωτηρίαν, καίτοι γε ἀπὸ ἐλέου αὐτὴν ἔσωσεν. Ἀπὸ τούτου τοίνυν μανθάνομεν, ὅτι κἂν ἐλεεῖσθαι μέλλωμεν, ἀξίους τοῦ ἐλέου πρότερον παρέχειν ἡμᾶς ἑαυτοὺς χρή. Κἂν γὰρ ἔλεος ᾖ, τοὺς ἀξίους ἐπιζητεῖ: οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ἔπεισιν ἅπασι, καὶ τοῖς ἀναισθήτως διακειμένοις: Ἐλεήσω γὰρ, φησὶν, ὃν ἂν ἐλεῶ, καὶ οἰκτειρήσω, ὃν ἂν οἰκτείρω. Ὅρα γοῦν καὶ ἐνταῦθα τί φησι: Συνυπουργούντων καὶ ὑμῶν τῇ δεήσει. Καὶ οὔτε τὸ πᾶν αὐτοῖς ἔδωκεν, ἵνα μὴ αὐτοὺς ἐπάρῃ, οὔτε πάντη ἠλλοτρίωσεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ κατορθώματος, ἵνα προτρέψῃ καὶ προθυμοτέρους ἐργάσηται καὶ συναγάγῃ πρὸς ἀλλήλους αὐτούς. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Ὑμῖν ἐχαρίσατό μου τὴν σωτηρίαν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ πλῆθος δυσωπεῖται πολλάκις ὁ Θεὸς ὁμονοοῦν καὶ συμφωνοῦν εἰς εὐχήν: διὸ καὶ πρὸς τὸν προφήτην ἔλεγεν: Ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ φείσομαι τῆς πόλεως ταύτης, ἐν ᾗ κατοικοῦσι πλείους ἢ δώδεκα μυριάδες ἀνθρώπων; Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς, ὅτι πλῆθος αἰδεῖται μόνον, φησίν: Ἐὰν ᾖ ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης, τὸ κατάλειμμα σωθήσεται. Πῶς οὖν Νινευΐτας ἔσωσεν; Ὅτι οὐ πλῆθος μόνον ἦν, ἀλλὰ πλῆθος μετὰ ἀρετῆς: μετενόησε γὰρ ἕκαστος ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ τῆς πονηρᾶς. Καὶ σώζων δὲ αὐτοὺς ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Οὐκ ἔγνωσαν δεξιὰν ἢ ἀριστεράν. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι καὶ τὰ πρότερα ἐξ ἀφελείας μᾶλλον ἔπταιον, ἢ πονηρίας: καὶ δῆλον, ἐξ ὧν μετεβάλλοντο, ὀλίγων ῥημάτων ἀκούσαντες. Εἰ δὲ τὸ δώδεκα μυριάδας εἶναι μόνον ἴσχυσεν εἰς τὸ σῶσαι αὐτοὺς, τί καὶ πρὸ τούτου αὐτοὺς σωθῆναι ἐκώλυσε; Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτὸν, Ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ φείσομαι τῆς πόλεως ταύτης τῆς οὕτω μεταβαλλομένης; ἀλλὰ τὰς μυριάδας παράγει; Ἐκ περιουσίας καὶ τοῦτο τιθείς. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἦν δῆλον, ἡ μεταβολή: ὁ δὲ ἀριθμὸς καὶ ἡ ἀφέλεια, ἄδηλα τῷ προφήτῃ. Πάντοθεν τοίνυν αὐτοὺς καταμαλάξαι βούλεται: ἰσχύει γὰρ καὶ πλῆθος, ὅταν καὶ ἀρετὴ ᾖ. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ δηλοῖ λέγουσα ἡ Γραφή: Προσευχὴ δὲ ἦν ἐκτενὴς ὑπὸ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν γινομένη ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ: καὶ τοσοῦτον ἴσχυσεν, ὡς, κεκλεισμένων τῶν θυρῶν, καὶ ἁλύσεων ἐπικειμένων, καὶ φυλάκων ἑκατέρωθεν παρακαθευδόντων, ἐξαγαγεῖν τὸν Ἀπόστολον καὶ ἀπαλλάξαι πάντων ἐκείνων. Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ, ἀρετῆς οὔσης, μέγα δύναται: οὕτω, κακίας οὔσης, οὐδὲν ὀνίνησι τὸ πλῆθος. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ Ἰσραηλῖται, περὶ ὧν φησιν, ὅτι ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτῶν ἦν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης, πάντες ἀπώλοντο: καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ Νῶε δὲ πολλοὶ καὶ ἄπειροι ἦσαν, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς τοῦτο ὤνησε: καθ' ἑαυτὸ γὰρ οὐδὲν δύναται πλῆθος, ἀλλ' ἐν προσθήκης μέρει. Σπουδάζωμεν οὖν συνιέναι ἐν ταῖς δεήσεσι, καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων εὐχώμεθα, καθάπερ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐκεῖνοι. Καὶ γὰρ ἐντολὴν πληροῦμεν, καὶ εἰς ἀγάπην ἀλειφόμεθα: ὅταν δὲ ἀγάπην εἴπω, πάντα λέγω τὰ ἀγαθά: καὶ εὐχαριστεῖν σπουδαιότερον μανθάνωμεν. Οἱ γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων εὐχαριστοῦντες, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ τῶν ἰδίων. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Δαυῒδ ἐποίει λέγων: Μεγαλύνατε τὸν Κύριον σὺν ἐμοὶ, καὶ ὑψώσωμεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό: τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος πανταχοῦ ζητεῖ: τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐργαζώμεθα, καὶ εἰς πάντας τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν εὐεργεσίαν ἐκφέρωμεν, ἵνα κοινωνοὺς λάβωμεν τῆς εὐφημίας. Εἰ γὰρ παρὰ ἀνθρώπων τι παθόντες ἀγαθὸν, ὅταν ἀνακηρύξωμεν, προθυμοτέρους αὐτοὺς ποιοῦμεν: πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῦ Θεοῦ τὰς εὐεργεσίας ἀναγορεύοντες, εἰς πλείονα αὐτὸν ἐπισπασόμεθα εὔνοιαν. Καὶ εἰ παρὰ ἀνθρώπων εὐεργετηθέντες, καὶ ἄλλους διεγείρομεν εἰς τὴν κοινωνίαν τῆς εὐχαριστίας: πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῷ Θεῷ πολλοὺς προσάγειν χρὴ τοὺς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν εὐχαριστήσοντας. Εἰ γὰρ Παῦλος τοῦτο ποιεῖ, τοσαύτην ἔχων τὴν παῤῥησίαν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς ἀναγκαῖον τοῦτο ποιεῖν. εʹ. Παρακαλῶμεν τοίνυν τοὺς ἁγίους ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν εὐχαριστεῖν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων τοῦτο ποιῶμεν. Τοῦτο ἱερέων μάλιστά ἐστι κατόρθωμα, ἐπειδὴ μέγιστον ἀγαθόν. Προσιόντες γὰρ, πρότερον ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ τῶν κοινῶν εὐχαριστοῦμεν ἀγαθῶν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ κοιναὶ αἱ εὐεργεσίαι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ σὺ ἐν τῷ κοινῷ ἐσώθης. Ὥστε καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἰδίας κοινὴν ὀφείλεις χάριν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς κοινῆς ἰδιάζουσαν δίκαιος ἂν εἴης ἀναφέρειν εὐφημίαν. Καὶ γὰρ τὸν ἥλιον ἀνῆψεν οὐ σοὶ μόνῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ κοινῷ: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐν τῷ μέρει τὸ ὅλον ἔχεις: καὶ γὰρ τοσοῦτος γέγονε διὰ τὸ κοινόν: καὶ ὁρᾷς σὺ μόνος τοσοῦτον, ὅσον εἶδον πάντες ἄνθρωποι. Ὥστε τοσαύτην ὀφείλεις εὐχαριστίαν, ὅσην ἅπαντες: καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν κοινῶν εὐχαριστεῖν ἂν εἴης δίκαιος, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἑτέρων ἀρετῆς. Πολλὰ γὰρ καὶ δι' ἄλλους πάσχομεν καλῶς. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ δέκα μόνον ἐν Σοδόμοις εὑρέθησαν δίκαιοι, οὐκ ἂν ἔπαθον, ἅπερ ἔπαθον. Ὥστε καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἑτέρων παῤῥησίας εὐχαριστῶμεν. Καὶ γὰρ ἀρχαῖος οὗτος ὁ νόμος ἐστὶν, ἄνωθεν ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ πεφυτευμένος. Οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος εὐχαριστεῖ ὑπὲρ Ῥωμαίων, ὑπὲρ Κορινθίων, ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης. Καὶ μή μοι λέγε: Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν τὸ κατόρθωμα. Κἂν γὰρ μὴ σὸν ᾖ, καὶ οὕτως εὐχαριστεῖν ὀφείλεις, ὅτι τὸ μέλος σου τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ σὸν αὐτὸ ποιεῖς διὰ τῆς εὐφημίας, καὶ κοινωνεῖς τῶν στεφάνων, καὶ λήψῃ καὶ αὐτὸς τὸ χάρισμα. Διά τοι τοῦτο καὶ τὰς εὐχὰς οὕτω γίνεσθαι κελεύουσιν οἱ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας νόμοι, οὐ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῶν πιστῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῶν κατηχουμένων. Τοὺς γὰρ πιστοὺς ὁ νόμος διεγείρει πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀμυήτων ἱκετηρίαν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ διάκονος λέγῃ, Ὑπὲρ τῶν κατηχουμένων ἐκτενῶς δεηθῶμεν, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ τὸν δῆμον ἅπαντα τῶν πιστῶν διανίστησιν εἰς τὰς ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων εὐχάς. Καίτοι γε ἀλλότριοι τέως εἰσὶν οἱ κατηχούμενοι. Οὐδέπω γὰρ τοῦ σώματός εἰσι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐδέπω μυστηρίων ἐκοινώνησαν, ἀλλ' ἔτι διῃρημένοι τυγχάνουσι τῆς ἀγέλης τῆς πνευματικῆς. Εἰ δὲ ὑπὲρ τούτων παρακαλεῖν δεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ τῶν μελῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ, Ἐκτενῶς, φησὶ, δεηθῶμεν, ἵνα μὴ ὡς ἀλλοτρίους ἀποποιήσῃ, ἵνα μὴ ὡς ξένους ἀγνοήσῃ. Οὐδέπω γὰρ εὐχὴν ἔχουσι τὴν νενομισμένην καὶ εἰσενεχθεῖσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ: οὐδέπω παῤῥησίαν κέκτηνται, ἀλλ' ἑτέρων δέονται τῶν μυσταγωγηθέντων. Ἔξω γὰρ τῶν βασιλικῶν ἑστήκασιν αὐλῶν, πόῤῥω τῶν ἱερῶν περιβόλων. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀπελαύνονται, τῶν φρικτῶν εὐχῶν ἐκείνων γινομένων. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ σὲ παρακαλεῖ δεῖσθαι ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, ἵνα μέλη γένωνται σὰ, ἵνα μὴ ἔτι ὦσι ξένοι καὶ ἠλλοτριωμένοι. Τὸ γὰρ, Δεηθῶμεν, οὐ τοῖς ἱερεῦσι λέγεται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς εἰς τὸν λαὸν συντελοῦσιν. Ὅταν γὰρ εἴπῃ, Στῶμεν καλῶς, δεηθῶμεν, πάντας, εἰς τὴν εὐχὴν παρακαλεῖ. Εἶτα ἀρχόμενος τῆς εὐχῆς φησιν: Ἵνα ὁ πανελεήμων καὶ οἰκτίρμων Θεὸς ἐπακούσῃ τῶν δεήσεων αὐτῶν. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγῃς, Τί δεηθῶμεν; ἠλλοτριωμένοι εἰσὶν, οὐδέπω συνημμένοι: πόθεν ἔχω δυσωπῆσαι τὸν Θεόν; πόθεν ἔχω πεῖσαι μεταδοῦναι ἐλέου καὶ συγγνώμης αὐτοῖς; ἵνα μὴ ταῦτα ζητῶν ἀπορῇς, ὅρα πῶς σου λύει τὴν ἀπορίαν λέγων: Ἵνα ὁ πανελεήμων καὶ οἰκτίρμων Θεός. Ἤκουσας, Πανελεήμων Θεός; Μὴ ἀπόρει λοιπόν: ὁ γὰρ πανελεήμων πάντας ἐλεεῖ, καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὺς καὶ φίλους. Μὴ τοίνυν λέγε, Πῶς ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν προσέλθω; αὐτὸς ἐπακούσει τῶν δεήσεων αὐτῶν. Δέησις δὲ κατηχουμένων τίς ἂν εἴη, ἀλλ' ἢ ὥστε μὴ μεῖναι κατηχουμένους; Εἶτα καὶ ὑπαγορεύει τῆς ἱκετηρίας τὸν τρόπον. Τίς δὲ οὗτός ἐστιν; Ἵνα διανοίξῃ τὰ ὦτα τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν. Μέμυκε γὰρ ἔτι, καὶ βέβυσται. Ὦτα δὲ οὐ ταῦτά φησι τὰ ἔξωθεν, ἀλλὰ τὰ τῆς διανοίας. Ὥστε ἀκοῦσαι ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδε, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσε καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἤκουσαν τῶν ἀποῤῥήτων μυστηρίων, ἀλλὰ πόῤῥω που καὶ μακρὰν ἑστήκασι. Κἂν ἀκούσωσι δὲ, οὐκ ἴσασι τὰ λεγόμενα: συνέσεως γὰρ δεῖται πολλῆς ἐκεῖνα, οὐκ ἀκροάσεως μόνης: τὰς ἔνδον δὲ οὐδέπω ἔχουσιν ἀκοάς. Διὸ καὶ προφητικὸν αὐτοῖς ἐπεύχεται χάρισμα: καὶ γὰρ ὁ προφήτης οὕτως ἔλεγεν: Ὁ Θεὸς δίδωσί μοι γλῶσσαν παιδείας, τοῦ γνῶναι ἡνίκα δεῖ εἰπεῖν λόγον: ὅτι αὐτὸς ἀνοίγει μου τὸ στόμα, ἔδωκέ μοι πρωῒ, προσέθηκέ μοι ὠτίον ἀκούειν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ προφῆται ἄλλως ἤκουον παρὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς, οὕτω καὶ οἱ πιστοὶ παρὰ τοὺς κατηχουμένους. Ἐντεῦθεν μανθάνει καὶ ὁ κατηχούμενος, μὴ παρὰ ἀνθρώπων ταῦτα μανθάνειν, μηδὲ ἀκούειν (Μὴ καλέσητε γὰρ, φησὶ, διδάσκαλον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς), ἀλλ' ἄνωθεν ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν: Ἔσονται γὰρ πάντες διδακτοὶ Θεοῦ. Διό φησι: Καὶ κατηχήσῃ αὐτοὺς τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας: ὥστε ἔνδοθεν αὐτοῖς ἐνηχεῖσθαι. Ὡς γὰρ εἰδέναι χρὴ, οὐδέπω ἴσασι τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας. Ἵνα κατασπείρῃ τὸν φόβον αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτοῖς. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀρκεῖ τοῦτο: τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἔπεσε παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν, τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας. Ϛʹ. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς οὐχ οὕτως αἰτοῦμεν: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἐπὶ γῆς λιπαρᾶς ἀνοίγει τὰς αὔλακας τὸ ἄροτρον, οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα γενέσθαι δεόμεθα, ὥστε νεωθέντας ἐν τῷ βάθει τῆς διανοίας δέξασθαι τὰ καταβαλλόμενα, καὶ πᾶν ὅπερ ἤκουσαν μετὰ ἀκριβείας κατασχεῖν. Διὸ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων: Καὶ βεβαιώσῃ τὴν πίστιν αὐτοῦ ἐν ταῖς διανοίαις αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστιν, ἵνα μὴ ἐξεπιπολῆς κέηται, ἀλλ' ἵνα κατὰ βάθους βάλῃ τὴν ῥίζαν. Ἵνα ἀποκαλύψῃ αὐτοῖς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δικαιοσύνης. Δείκνυσι διπλοῦν τὸ κάλυμμα: τὸ μὲν διὰ τὸ μεμυκέναι αὐτῶν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς διανοίας, τὸ δὲ διὰ τὸ κεκαλύφθαι αὐτοῖς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον. Διὸ ἀνωτέρω μὲν ἔλεγεν: Ἵνα διανοίξῃ τὰ ὦτα τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ, Ἵνα ἀποκαλύψῃ αὐτοῖς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δικαιοσύνης: τουτέστιν, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὺς σοφοὺς ἐργάσηται καὶ ἐπιτηδείους πρὸς ὑποδοχὴν, καὶ ἵνα διδάξῃ, καὶ καταβάλῃ τὰ σπέρματα. Ἄν τε γὰρ ἐπιτήδειοι ὦσιν, οὐδὲν ὄφελος, τοῦ Θεοῦ μὴ ἐκκαλύπτοντος: ἄν τε ἀποκαλύψῃ, μὴ δέξωνται δὲ, πάλιν εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ἡ ζημία περιίσταται. Διὰ τοῦτο ἀμφότερα αἰτοῦμεν, ἵνα καὶ ἀνοίξῃ τὰς καρδίας, καὶ ἀποκαλύψῃ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ, εἰ κόσμος κέοιτο βασιλικὸς ἄνωθεν κεκαλυμμένος, ἔσται τι πλέον ὀφθαλμῶν βλεπόντων: ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ γεγυμνωμένου, τούτων μὴ ἐγρηγορότων. Ταῦτα δὲ ἀμφότερα γίνεται, ἂν ἐκεῖνοι ἕλωνται πρότερον. Τί δή ἐστιν, Εὐαγγέλιον δικαιοσύνης; Τὸ ποιοῦν δικαίους. Διὰ τούτων γὰρ εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτοὺς ἄγει τοῦ βαπτίσματος, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐχ ἁμαρτημάτων ἀφέσεώς ἐστι μόνον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον, ἀλλὰ καὶ δικαιοσύνης ποιητικόν. Ἵνα αὐτοῖς δοίη νοῦν ἔνθεον, σώφρονα λογισμὸν, καὶ ἐνάρετον πολιτείαν. Ἀκουέτωσαν οἱ πιστοὶ, ὅσοι τοῖς βιωτικοῖς εἰσι προσηλωμένοι πράγμασιν. Εἰ γὰρ τοῖς ἀμυήτοις κελευόμεθα ταῦτα αἰτεῖν, ἐννόησον ἐν τίσιν ἡμᾶς εἶναι χρὴ, τοὺς ταῦτα ἑτέροις αἰτοῦντας: καὶ γὰρ ἐφάμιλλον δεῖ τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ τὴν πολιτείαν ἔχειν. Διὸ δὴ καὶ τῆς εὐχῆς ὁ νόμος ἀπὸ τῶν δογμάτων ἐπὶ τὴν πολιτείαν μεταβαίνει. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Ἵνα ἀποκαλύψῃ αὐτοῖς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἵνα δῷ αὐτοῖς νοῦν ἔνθεον. Τί δέ ἐστιν, ἔνθεον; Ἵνα ὁ Θεὸς οἰκῇ ἐν αὐτῷ: Ἐνοικήσω γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσω. Ὅταν γὰρ γένηται δίκαιος ὁ νοῦς, ὅταν ἀποδύσηται τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, οἶκος γίνεται τοῦ Θεοῦ: ὅταν δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἐνοικῇ, οὐδὲν ἀνθρώπινον ἔσται λοιπόν. Καὶ οὕτω γίνεται ἔνθους ὁ νοῦς, ἅπαντα φθεγγόμενος ἐκεῖθεν, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔνδον οἰκοῦντος. Ὁ αἰσχρολογῶν ἄρα οὐκ ἔχει ἔνθεον νοῦν, οὐδὲ ὁ εὐτραπελίᾳ καὶ γέλωτι χαίρων. Σώφρονα λογισμόν. Καὶ τί ποτέ ἐστι σώφρονα λογισμὸν ἔχειν; Τὸ τὴν ὑγείαν κεκτῆσθαι τὴν κατὰ ψυχήν: ὡς ὅ γε κατεχόμενος ἐπιθυμίᾳ πονηρίας, καὶ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα ἐπτοημένος, οὐκ ἂν εἴη σώφρων, τουτέστιν, ὑγιής. Καὶ ὥσπερ ὁ νοσῶν καὶ τῶν οὐ προσηκόντων ἐπιθυμεῖ, οὕτω καὶ οὗτος. Καὶ ἐνάρετον πολιτείαν. Τὰ γὰρ δόγματα πολιτείας χρείαν ἔχει. Ἀκούσατε τούτων, οἱ πρὸς τῷ τέλει τοῦ βίου ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ἰόντες. Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ εὐχόμεθα, ἵνα μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα καὶ πολιτείαν σχῆτε: σὺ δὲ σπεύδεις καὶ πάντα ποιεῖς, ὥστε πολιτείας ἔρημος ἀπελθεῖν. Τί γὰρ, εἰ καὶ δίκαιος γίνῃ, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως μόνης; Ἡμεῖς δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν κατορθωμάτων εὐχόμεθα σχεῖν παῤῥησίαν. Διαπαντὸς τὰ αὐτοῦ νοεῖν, τὰ αὐτοῦ φρονεῖν, τὰ αὐτοῦ μελετᾷν. Σώφρονα γὰρ λογισμὸν καὶ ἐνάρετον πολιτείαν οὐ μίαν ἡμέραν οὐδὲ δύο καὶ τρεῖς αἰτοῦμεν μόνον, ἀλλὰ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου καὶ τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἁπάντων, τὸ τὰ αὐτοῦ φρονεῖν. Οἱ γὰρ πολλοὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ζητοῦσιν, οὐ τὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Πῶς οὖν τοῦτο ἂν γένοιτο; δεῖ γὰρ μετὰ τῆς εὐχῆς καὶ τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῶν συνεισφέρειν. Ἐὰν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτοῦ καταγινώμεθα ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός: διὸ καὶ ἐπάγει τοῦτο αἰτῶν: Ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτοῦ καταγίνεσθαι. Καὶ ὥσπερ ἄνω τὸ, Διαπαντὸς, εἶπεν, οὕτως ἐνταῦθα, Ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός. Διὸ καὶ αἰσχύνομαι διὰ τοὺς ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ μόλις ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ φαινομένους. Τίνα γὰρ σχοῖεν ἀπολογίαν οἱ δι' ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς οὐχ ἁπλῶς ὁμιλεῖν τῷ νόμῳ, ἀλλὰ καταγίνεσθαι κελευόμενοι, τουτέστι προσαδολεσχεῖν, καὶ μηδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν μέρος τῆς ζωῆς τοῦτο ποιοῦντες, τῶν ἐντολῶν αὐτοῦ μνημονεύειν, τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ φυλάσσειν; ζʹ. Εἶδες σειρὰν ἀρίστην, καὶ πῶς ἕκαστον αὐτῶν τοῦ πλησίον ἔχεται, πάσης χρυσῆς ἁλύσεως ἀσφαλέστερόν τε καὶ εὐπρεπέστερον συγκείμενον; Αἰτήσας γὰρ νοῦν ἔνθεον, λέγει πῶς ἂν γένοιτο οὗτος. Πῶς δ' ἂν γένοιτο; Ἐκ τοῦ διαπαντὸς αὐτὸν μελετᾷν. Τοῦτο δὲ πῶς ἂν συμβαίη; Ἐκ τοῦ τῷ νόμῳ προσέχειν διηνεκῶς. Πῶς δ' ἂν πεισθείησαν ἄνθρωποι τοῦτο, Εἰ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ τηροῖεν: μᾶλλον δὲ ἐκ τοῦ τῷ νόμῳ προσέχειν, καὶ τὸ τὰς ἐντολὰς τηρεῖν γίνεται: ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ τὰ αὐτοῦ φρονεῖν καὶ ἔνθεον ἔχειν νοῦν, τὸ τὰ αὐτοῦ μελετᾷν. Ἕκαστον γὰρ τῶν εἰρημένων καὶ συγκατασκευάζει τὸ πλησίον, καὶ συγκατασκευάζεται παρ' αὐτοῦ, συνέχον τε αὐτὸ καὶ συνεχόμενον παρ' αὐτοῦ. Ἔτι ἐκτενέστερον ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν παρακαλέσωμεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐν τῷ μακρῷ λόγῳ καταδαρθάνειν εἴωθεν ἡ ψυχὴ, πάλιν αὐτὴν διανίστησι. Μεγάλα γὰρ βούλεταί τινα αἰτῆσαι πάλιν καὶ ὑψηλά: διό φησιν: Ἔτι ἐκτενέστερον ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν παρακαλέσωμεν. Τί δὲ τοῦτό ἐστιν; Ἵνα ἐξέληται αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ καὶ ἀτόπου πράγματος. Ἐνταῦθα τὸ μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς πειρασμὸν καὶ τὸ πάσης ἐπιβουλῆς ἀπαλλαγῆναι αἰτοῦμεν αὐτοῖς σωματικῶν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ πνευματικῶν: διὸ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων: Ἀπὸ παντὸς ἁμαρτήματος διαβολικοῦ, καὶ πάσης περιστάσεως τοῦ Ἀντικειμένου: τοὺς πειρασμοὺς δηλῶν καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας. Εὐπερίστατον γὰρ ἡ ἁμαρτία, πάντοθεν ἱσταμένη, ἔμπροσθεν, ὄπισθεν, καὶ οὕτως ἡμᾶς καταβάλλουσα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν ἃ δεῖ γενέσθαι παρ' ἡμῶν, ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτοῦ καταγίνεσθαι, τῶν ἐντολῶν αὐτοῦ μνημονεύειν, τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ φυλάττειν: πείθει λοιπὸν, ὅτι οὐδὲ ταῦτα ἀρκεῖ, ἂν μὴ αὐτὸς παρῇ καὶ βοηθῇ. Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ Κύριος οἰκοδομήσῃ οἶκον, εἰς μάτην ἐκοπίασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες αὐτόν: καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὶ τούτων, οἳ ἔτι πρόκεινται τῷ διαβόλῳ, καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν ἀρχήν εἰσι τὴν αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ἴστε ταῦτα οἱ μεμυημένοι. Ἀναμνήσθητε γοῦν τῶν ῥημάτων ἐκείνων, δι' ὧν ἀπετάξασθε αὐτοῦ τῇ τυραννίδι, γόνυ κλίναντες, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Βασιλέα αὐτομολήσαντες, καὶ τὰ φρικώδη ἐκεῖνα φθεγξάμενοι ῥήματα, δι' ὧν παιδευόμεθα μηδὲν αὐτῷ καθόλου πείθεσθαι. Ἀντικείμενον δὲ αὐτὸν καλεῖ καὶ διάβολον, ἐπειδὴ καὶ Θεὸν πρὸς ἀνθρώπους διαβάλλει, καὶ ἡμᾶς πρὸς Θεὸν, καὶ πάλιν ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς πρὸς ἀλλήλους: ποτὲ μὲν γὰρ τὸν Ἰὼβ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, λέγων: Μὴ δωρεὰν σέβεται Ἰὼβ τὸν Κύριον; καὶ πάλιν τὸν Θεὸν πρὸς τὸν Ἰώβ: Πῦρ κατῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ: καὶ πρὸς τὸν Ἀδὰμ πάλιν τὸν Θεὸν, ὅτε ἔλεγε διανοιχθήσεσθαι αὐτῶν τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς: καὶ πρὸς πολλοὺς τῶν νῦν ἀνθρώπων, λέγων: Οὐ προνοεῖ Θεὸς τῶν ὁρωμένων, ἀλλὰ δαίμοσιν ἀφῆκε τὰ καθ' ὑμᾶς: καὶ πρὸς πολλοὺς δὲ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὸν Χριστὸν διέβαλε, πλάνον καὶ γόητα καλῶν. Πῶς δὲ ἐνεργεῖ, ἴσως βούλεταί τις ἀκοῦσαι. Ὅταν μὴ εὕρῃ νοῦν ἔνθεον, ὅταν μὴ σώφρονα ψυχὴν, ὅταν μὴ μνημονεύῃ τῶν ἐντολῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ, μηδὲ φυλάσσῃ τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ, τότε αἰχμάλωτον λαβὼν ἄπεισιν. Ὁ γοῦν Ἀδὰμ εἰ ἐμνημόνευε τῆς ἐντολῆς λεγούσης, Ἀπὸ παντὸς ξύλου φαγῇ, εἰ ἐφύλασσε τὸ δικαίωμα τὸ λέγον, Ἧ| ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φάγητε, τότε θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε: οὐκ ἂν ἔπαθεν ἅπερ ἔπαθεν. Ἵνα καταξιώσῃ αὐτοὺς ἐν καιρῷ εὐθέτῳ τῆς τοῦ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας, τῆς ἀφέσεως τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ παρόντα αἰτοῦμεν, τὰ δὲ μέλλοντα: καὶ φιλοσοφοῦμεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ λουτροῦ, καὶ ἐν τῇ αἰτήσει παιδεύομεν αὐτοὺς εἰδέναι αὐτοῦ τὴν ἰσχύν. Ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ ἤδη ὁ λόγος αὐτοὺς συνεθίζει εἰδέναι, ὅτι ἀναγέννησις τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστι, καὶ πάλιν γεννώμεθα, ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τῆς μήτρας, οὕτως ἀπὸ τῶν ὑδάτων: ἵνα μὴ λέγωσι κατὰ τὸν Νικόδημον, Πῶς δύναταί τις γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν; μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ εἰσελθεῖν, καὶ γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν; Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ ἄφεσιν εἶπεν ἁμαρτιῶν, διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς αὐτὴν πιστοῦται λέγων: Τοῦ ἐνδύματος τῆς ἀφθαρσίας. Ὁ γὰρ υἱότητα ἐνδυόμενος, δῆλον ὅτι ἄφθαρτος γίνεται. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἐν καιρῷ εὐθέτῳ; Ὅταν εὖ διακείμενος ᾖ, ὅταν μετὰ προθυμίας καὶ πίστεως προσίῃ: τοῦ γὰρ πιστοῦ καιρὸς εὔθετος οὗτός ἐστιν. Ἵνα εὐλογήσῃ τὰς εἰσόδους αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς ἐξόδους, πάντα τὸν βίον αὐτῶν. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ σωματικόν τι αἰτεῖν κελεύονται, ὡς ἔτι ἀσθενέστεροι ὄντες. Τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς οἰκετίας. Τουτέστιν, ἄν τε θεράποντας ἔχωσιν, ἄν τε συγγενεῖς, ἄν τε ἑτέρους τινὰς προσήκοντας. Ταῦτα γὰρ ἦν τῆς Παλαιᾶς τὰ ἔπαθλα: καὶ οὐδὲν οὕτω δεινὸν ἐδόκει εἶναι, ὡς χηρεία, ὡς ἀπαιδία, ὡς τὰ πένθη τὰ ἄωρα, ὡς τὸ ἐν λιμῷ εἶναι, ὡς τὸ μὴ ἐξ οὐρίας τὰ πράγματα αὐτοῖς φέρεσθαι. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ τούτους ἀφίησιν ἐμφιλοχωρεῖν ταῖς αἰτήσεσι ταῖς σωματικωτέραις, κατὰ μικρὸν αὐτοὺς ἀναβιβάζων. Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ποιεῖ, τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος, παλαιῶν μεμνημένος εὐλογιῶν: ὁ μὲν Χριστὸς, ὅταν λέγῃ: Μακάριοι οἱ πραεῖς, ὅτι αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσι γῆν: ὁ δὲ Παῦλος, Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου, καὶ ἔσῃ μακροχρόνιος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν ἵνα αὐξήσας εὐλογήσῃ, καὶ εἰς μέτρον ἡλικίας ἀγαγὼν σοφίσῃ. ηʹ. Πάλιν ἐνταῦθα καὶ σωματικὸν καὶ πνευματικὸν, ἅτε νηπιωδέστερον διακειμένοις. Εἶτα τὸ ὕστερον καθόλου πνευματικόν: Ἵνα κατευθύνῃ αὐτοῖς πάντα τὰ προκείμενα πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς τὰ προκείμενα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον. Πολλάκις γὰρ πρόκειται ἀποδημία, ἀλλ' οὐ συμφέρει: ἕτερόν τι τοιοῦτον, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι λυσιτελοῦν. Ἀπὸ τούτων παιδεύονται ἐν πᾶσιν εὐχαριστεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, ὡς συμφερόντως γινομένοις. Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάντα ἐγείρεσθαι κελεύει λοιπόν. Πρότερον γὰρ αὐτοὺς χαμαὶ ῥίψας, ὅτε ᾔτησαν ἅπερ ᾔτησαν καὶ παῤῥησίας ἐνεπλήσθησαν, ἀνίστησιν αὐτοὺς ὁ λόγος, καὶ κελεύει λοιπὸν καὶ αὐτοὺς ἔχεσθαι τῆς πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἱκετηρίας. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἡμεῖς λέγομεν, τὰ δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐπιτρέπομεν, ἤδη τὰς θύρας αὐτοῖς ἀνοίγοντες τοῦ αἰτεῖν: καθάπερ τοὺς παῖδας πρότερον μὲν αὐτοὶ διδάσκομεν, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ δι' ἑαυτῶν φθέγγεσθαι κελεύομεν λέγοντες: Τὸν ἄγγελον τῆς εἰρήνης αἰτήσατε, οἱ κατηχούμενοι. Ἔστι γὰρ ἄγγελος κόλασιν ἔχων, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Ἀποστολὴν δι' ἀγγέλων πονηρῶν. Ἔστιν ὀλοθρευτής. Διὰ τοῦτο τὸν ἄγγελον τῆς εἰρήνης κελεύομεν αἰτεῖν, παιδεύοντες, ὃ πάντων ἐστὶ σύνδεσμος τῶν ἀγαθῶν, εἰρήνη, τοῦτο ζητεῖν, ὥστε πάσης ἀπηλλάχθαι μάχης, παντὸς πολέμου, πάσης στάσεως. Εἰρηνικὰ ὑμῖν πάντα τὰ προκείμενα. Κἂν γὰρ φορτικὸν ᾖ τι, εἰρήνην δὲ ἔχῃ, κοῦφόν ἐστι. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγεν: Εἰρήνην τὴν ἐμὴν δίδωμι ὑμῖν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ὅπλον ἰσχυρὸν τῷ διαβόλῳ, ὡς μάχη καὶ ἔχθρα καὶ πόλεμος. Εἰρηνικὴν τὴν παροῦσαν ἡμέραν, καὶ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς ὑμῶν αἰτήσασθε. Εἶδες πῶς πάλιν ὁλόκληρον τὸν βίον ἐν ἀρετῇ κελεύει εἶναι; Χριστιανὰ ὑμῶν τὰ τέλη: τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀγαθῶν, τὸ καλὸν καὶ τὸ συμφέρον. Ὃ γὰρ μὴ καλὸν, οὐδὲ συμφέρον. Ἄλλη γὰρ παρ' ἡμῖν τῶν συμφερόντων ἡ φύσις παρὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ὑπόληψιν. Ἑαυτοὺς τῷ ζῶντι Θεῷ καὶ τῷ Χριστῷ αὐτοῦ παραθέσθαι. Οὔπω γὰρ τῶν ὑπὲρ ἑτέρων αὐτοῖς ἐπιτρέπομεν, ἀλλ' ἀγαπητὸν ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν δύνασθαι δεῖσθαι. Εἶδες εὐχὴν ἀπηρτισμένην, καὶ δογμάτων ἕνεκεν καὶ πολιτείας; Ὅταν γὰρ Εὐαγγέλιον εἴπωμεν, ὅταν ἔνδυμα ἀφθαρσίας, ὅταν λουτρὸν παλιγγενεσίας, τὰ δόγματα εἴπομεν πάντα: ὅταν νοῦν ἔνθεον, ὅταν σώφρονα λογισμὸν, ὅταν τὰ ἄλλα ἅπερ εἰρήκαμεν, τὴν πολιτείαν ᾐνιξάμεθα. Εἶτα κλῖναι τὰς κεφαλὰς κελεύομεν, τεκμήριον τοῦ τὰς εὐχὰς ἀκουσθῆναι ποιούμενοι τὸ τὸν Θεὸν εὐλογεῖν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν ὁ εὐλογῶν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς ἐκείνου χειρὸς καὶ γλώττης αὐτῷ προσάγομεν τῷ Βασιλεῖ τὰς κεφαλὰς τῶν παρεστώτων. Καὶ ἐπιβοῶσιν ἅπαντες τὸ, Ἀμήν. Ταῦτα δέ μοι πάντα τίνος ἕνεκεν εἴρηται; Ἵνα διδάξω ὅτι τὸ ἑτέρων δεῖ ζητεῖν, ἵνα μὴ νομίσωσιν οἱ πιστοὶ μηδὲν εἶναι πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ὅταν ταῦτα λέγηται. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῖς τοίχοις ὁ διάκονος λέγει: Δεηθῶμεν ὑπὲρ τῶν κατηχουμένων. Ἀλλά τινες οὕτως εἰσὶν ἀνόητοι καὶ βλᾶκες καὶ διαλελυμένοι, ὡς μὴ μόνον ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῶν κατηχουμένων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῶν πιστῶν ἑστάναι καὶ διαλέγεσθαι. Ἐντεῦθεν πάντα διέστραπται, ἐντεῦθεν πάντα ἀπόλωλεν, ὅτι ἐν τῷ καιρῷ, ἐν ᾧ μάλιστα δεῖ τὸν Θεὸν καταλλάττειν, ἐν τούτῳ παροξύνοντες ἄπιμεν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν πιστῶν ὑπὲρ ἐπισκόπων, ὑπὲρ πρεσβυτέρων, ὑπὲρ βασιλέων, ὑπὲρ τῶν κρατούντων, ὑπὲρ γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης, ὑπὲρ ἀέρων, ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης κελευόμεθα προσιέναι τῷ φιλανθρώπῳ Θεῷ. Ὅταν οὖν οἱ τοσαύτην ὀφείλοντες ἔχειν παῤῥησίαν, ὡς ὑπὲρ ἀλλοτρίων δεῖσθαι, μηδὲ ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν νήφοντες προσευχώμεθα, τίς ἡμῖν ἡ ἀπολογία; ποία συγγνώμη; Διὸ δὴ παρακαλῶ ταῦτα πάντα ἐννοήσαντας, εἰδέναι καιρὸν εὐχῆς, καὶ μεταρσίους γίνεσθαι, καὶ ἀπαλλάττεσθαι τῆς γῆς, καὶ αὐτῶν ἅπτεσθαι τῶν ἁψίδων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἵνα δυνηθῶμεν τὸν Θεὸν ἵλεων ποιῆσαι, καὶ τυχεῖν τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.