3

2. WHAT IT IS CUSTOMARY TO SAY AGAINST US TO THOSE WHO CONCERNING OUR AFFAIRS

ATTEMPT TO SLANDER For first one might reasonably be at a loss, who we are who have come to the scripture, whether Greeks or barbarians, or what might be the middle ground between these, and what we say we are, not in name, since this is evident to all, but in the manner and choice of life; for one sees us neither thinking the things of the Greeks nor practicing the things of the barbarians. 1.2.2 What then could be the strange thing about us and what is the innovation of our life? And how could they not be in every way impious and atheists, those who have abandoned their ancestral gods, through whom every nation and every city has been established? Or what good is it likely to hope for for those who have become enemies and foes of their saviors and have rejected their benefactors and what else but 1.2.3 fighters against God? And of what pardon will they be deemed worthy, those who have turned away from those who from eternity have been proclaimed gods by all Greeks and barbarians, in cities and country alike, with all kinds of shrines and rites and mysteries, by all kings and lawgivers and philosophers together, and have chosen the impious and godless things among men? And to what punishments would they not justly be subjected, who are fugitives from their ancestral ways, and have become zealots for foreign and universally slandered Jewish fables? 1.2.4 And how is it not a mark of wickedness and extreme levity to change so easily from one's own things, and with irrational and unexamined faith to choose the things of the impious who are enemies to all nations, and not even to adhere to the God honored among the Jews according to their customs, but to cut out for themselves a new and desolate path, that observes neither the ways of the Greeks nor those of the Jews? 1.2.5 A Greek, therefore, knowing nothing true either of his own ways or of ours, might reasonably raise these questions to us. And the children of the Hebrews would also blame us, if indeed, being of another tribe and another race, we make use of their books which in no way pertain to us, and that impudently, as they might say, and shamelessly we thrust ourselves in, but their own people and kindred we forcibly try to thrust out from their own ancestral 1.2.6 traditions. For if there is any Christ prophesied, yet the prophets who foretold his arrival were of the Jews, and they announced that he would come as a redeemer and king of the Jews, not of the foreign nations; and if the scriptures contain any other brighter things, these too are proclaimed to the Jews, 1.2.7 which it is not right for us to overhear. But it is also utterly absurd to accept very eagerly the reproofs against the nation for the things in which they sinned, but to pass over in silence the promises of good things prophesied in turn to them, or rather to twist them and transfer them to ourselves, being openly avaricious and doing nothing more than deceiving 1.2.8 ourselves. But the most irrational thing of all is that while not even observing the customs in a similar way to them, but manifestly transgressing the law, we draw to ourselves the better rewards promised to the keepers of the laws. 1.3.1 Since these questions might reasonably be raised against us first, come, having called upon the God of all through our Savior, the same Word, as through a high priest, let us clear up the first of the points proposed, first proving to be slanderers those who declare that we have nothing to establish by proof, but adhere to an irrational faith. 1.3.2 This, therefore, we shall refute at once and not at length, from the proofs we use for those who come for instruction in our teachings, and from the refutations against those who oppose us in more logical investigations, by means of which we endeavor to make our case both unwritten and written, both privately to each one who asks, and publicly to the multitudes

3

βʹ. ΤΙΝΑ ΠΡΟΣ ΗΜΑΣ ΣΥΝΗΘΕΣ ΛΕΓΕΙΝ ΤΟΙΣ ΤΑ ΚΑΘ' ΗΜΩΝ

∆ΙΑΒΑΛΛΕΙΝ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΟΥΣΙΝ Πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ εἰκότως ἄν τις διαπορήσειεν, τίνες ὄντες ἐπὶ τὴν γραφὴν παρεληλύθαμεν, πότερον Ἕλληνες ἢ βάρβαροι, ἢ τί ἂν γένοιτο τούτων μέσον, καὶ τίνας ἑαυτοὺς εἶναί φαμεν, οὐ τὴν προσηγορίαν, ὅτι καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἔκδηλος αὕτη, ἀλλὰ τὸν τρόπον καὶ τὴν προαίρεσιν τοῦ βίου· οὔτε γὰρ τὰ Ἑλλήνων φρονοῦντας ὁρᾶν οὔτε τὰ βαρβάρων ἐπι 1.2.2 τηδεύοντας. τί οὖν ἂν γένοιτο τὸ καθ' ἡμᾶς ξένον καὶ τίς ὁ νεωτερισμὸς τοῦ βίου; πῶς δ' οὐ πανταχόθεν δυσσεβεῖς ἂν εἶεν καὶ ἄθεοι οἱ τῶν πατρῴων θεῶν ἀποστάντες, δι' ὧν πᾶν ἔθνος καὶ πᾶσα πόλις συνέστηκεν; ἢ τί καλὸν ἐλπίσαι εἰκὸς τοὺς τῶν σωτηρίων ἐχθροὺς καὶ πολεμίους καταστάντας καὶ τοὺς εὐεργέτας παρωσαμένους καὶ τί γὰρ ἄλλο 1.2.3 ἢ θεομαχοῦντας; ποίας δὲ καταξιωθήσεσθαι συγγνώμης τοὺς τοὺς ἐξ αἰῶνος μὲν παρὰ πᾶσιν Ἕλλησι καὶ βαρβάροις κατά τε πόλεις καὶ ἀγροὺς παντοίοις ἱεροῖς καὶ τελεταῖς καὶ μυστηρίοις πρὸς ἁπάντων ὁμοῦ βασιλέων τε καὶ νομοθετῶν καὶ φιλοσόφων θεολογουμένους ἀποστραφέντας, ἑλομένους δὲ τὰ ἀσεβῆ καὶ ἄθεα τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις; ποίαις δ' οὐκ ἂν ἐνδίκως ὑποβληθεῖεν τιμωρίαις οἱ τῶν μὲν πατρίων φυγάδες, τῶν δ' ὀθνείων καὶ παρὰ πᾶσι διαβεβλημένων Ἰουδαϊκῶν μυθολογημάτων 1.2.4 γενόμενοι ζηλωταί; πῶς δ' οὐ μοχθηρίας εἶναι καὶ εὐχερείας ἐσχάτης τὸ μεταθέσθαι μὲν εὐκόλως τῶν οἰκείων, ἀλόγῳ δὲ καὶ ἀνεξετάστῳ πίστει τὰ τῶν δυσσεβῶν καὶ πᾶσιν ἔθνεσι πολεμίων ἑλέσθαι, καὶ μηδ' αὐτῷ τῷ παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις τιμωμένῳ θεῷ κατὰ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῖς προσανέχειν νόμιμα, καινὴν δέ τινα καὶ ἐρήμην ἀνοδίαν ἑαυτοῖς συντεμεῖν, μήτε τὰ Ἑλλήνων μήτε τὰ Ἰουδαίων φυλάττουσαν; 1.2.5 Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν εἰκότως ἄν τις Ἑλλήνων, μηδὲν ἀληθὲς μήτε τῶν οἰκείων μήτε τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐπαΐων, πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀπορήσειεν. ἐπιμέμψαιντο δ' ἂν ἡμῖν καὶ Ἑβραίων παῖδες, εἰ δὴ ἀλλόφυλοι ὄντες καὶ ἀλλογενεῖς ταῖς αὐτῶν βίβλοις ἀποχρώμεθα μηδὲν ἡμῖν προσηκούσαις, ὅτι τε ἀναιδῶς, ὡς ἂν αὐτοὶ φαῖεν, καὶ ἀναισχύντως ἑαυτοὺς μὲν εἰσωθοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ οἰκείους καὶ ἐγγενεῖς τῶν αὐτοῖς πατρίων ἐξωθεῖν παραβιαζό1.2.6 μεθα. εἴτε γάρ τις εἴη Χριστὸς θεσπιζόμενος, ἀλλὰ Ἰουδαίων ἦσαν προφῆται οἱ τούτου τὴν ἄφιξιν προκηρύξαντες, οἳ καὶ λυτρωτὴν καὶ βασιλέα Ἰουδαίων ἥξειν αὐτόν, οὐχὶ δὲ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων ἐθνῶν κατήγγειλαν· εἴτε τινὰ ἄλλα φαιδρότερα περιέχουσιν αἱ γραφαί, καὶ ταῦτα Ἰου 1.2.7 δαίοις ἀναφωνεῖσθαι, ὧν οὐκ εὖ πράττοντας παρακούειν ἡμᾶς. ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ἀτόπως τοὺς μὲν κατὰ τοῦ ἔθνους ἐφ' οἷς ἡμάρτανον ἐλέγχους εὖ μάλα ἁρπαλέως ἀποδέχεσθαι, τὰς δὲ τῶν ἀγαθῶν πάλιν αὐτοῖς θεσπιζομένας ἐπαγγελίας ἀποσιωπᾶν, μᾶλλον δ' ἐκβιάζεσθαι καὶ εἰς ἑαυτοὺς μεταφέρειν, ἄντικρυς πλεονεκτοῦντας καὶ οὐδὲν πλέον ἢ ἑαυτοὺς 1.2.8 ἐξαπατῶντας. τὸ δ' οὖν ἁπάντων παραλογώτατον, ὅτι μηδὲ τὰ νόμιμα παραπλησίως αὐτοῖς περιέποντες, ἀλλὰ προφανῶς παρανομοῦντες, τὰς ἐπηγγελμένας τοῖς τῶν νόμων φύλαξι χρηστοτέρας ἀμοιβὰς εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐπισπώμεθα. 1.3.1 Τούτων εὐλόγως ἂν ἡμῖν ἐν πρώτοις ἀπορηθέντων, φέρε τὸν τῶν ὅλων θεὸν διὰ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου, ὡς δι' ἀρχιερέως ἐπικαλεσάμενοι τὸ πρῶτον τῶν προταθέντων ἀποκαθάρωμεν, συκοφάντας προαποδείξαντες τοὺς μηδὲν ἔχειν ἡμᾶς δι' ἀποδείξεως παριστάναι, ἀλόγῳ 1.3.2 δὲ πίστει προσέχειν ἀποφηναμένους. αὐτόθεν δὴ οὖν τοῦτο καὶ οὐκ ἐκ μακροῦ διελέγξομεν, ἔκ τε ὧν χρώμεθα πρὸς τοὺς ἐπὶ διδασκαλίᾳ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς λόγων προσιόντας ἀποδείξεων καὶ τῶν πρὸς τοὺς ἀντιδιατιθεμένους ἡμῖν ἐν ταῖς λογικωτέραις ζητήσεσιν ἀντιρρήσεων δι' ὧν τε φιλοτιμούμεθα ποιεῖσθαι ἀγράφων τε καὶ ἐγγράφων ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ πρὸς ἕκαστον τῶν ἐρωτώντων καὶ κοινῇ πρὸς τὰ πλήθη