3

this argument, that He is called God, and Father? and the Godhead something feminine, as far as the titles go? and the Spirit neuter, because not generative? And if you were to jest this too, that God, uniting with His own will, according to the old follies and myths, begot the Son, there has been introduced to us some hermaphrodite God of Marcion and Valentinus, who fashioned the new aeons.

8

But since we do not accept your first division, which assumes nothing between unbegotten and begotten, at once your brothers and nephews will disappear for you along with your august division, being dissolved together as if some intricate bond of the first principle were loosened, and withdrawing from theology. For where will you place that which proceeds, tell me, which has appeared as a middle term of your division, and is introduced by a theologian greater than you, our Savior? Unless you have removed that saying from your gospels, for the sake of your third testament, The Holy Spirit, who proceeds from the Father; who, inasmuch as He proceeds from thence, is not a creature; and inasmuch as He is not begotten, is not a Son; and inasmuch as He is between the unbegotten and the begotten, is God. And thus, having escaped the nets of your syllogisms, He is revealed as God, stronger than your divisions. What then is the procession? You tell me the unbegottenness of the Father, and I will explain the generation of the Son, and the procession of the Spirit, and we will both go mad, prying into the mysteries of God; and we who do this, who are we? We who cannot even know the things at our feet, nor number the sand of the seas, and the drops of rain, and the days of eternity, let alone enter into the depths of God, and give an account of a nature so ineffable and beyond reason.

9

What then is it, he says, that the Spirit lacks, to be a Son? For if nothing were lacking, He would be a Son. We say that nothing is lacking; for God is not deficient; but the difference in manifestation, so to speak, or in the relation to one another, has also made their names different. For the Son does not lack anything to be the Father, for Sonship is not a deficiency, but He is not the Father on this account. Or in this way the Father will also lack something to be a Son; for the Father is not a Son. But these things are not from any deficiency, nor from a subtraction of substance; but the very fact of being unbegotten, and being begotten, and proceeding, has named one the Father, another the Son, and the other what is called the Holy Spirit, so that the distinction of the three hypostases might be preserved in the one nature and dignity of the Godhead. For the Son is not the Father, for the Father is one, but He is what the Father is; nor is the Spirit a Son because He is from God, for the Only-begotten is one, but He is what the Son is; the Three are one in Godhead, and the One is three in properties; so that the One is not Sabellian, nor the Three of the present evil division.

10

What then? Is the Spirit God? Most certainly. What then, consubstantial? If indeed He is God. Give me then, he says, from the same source one who is a son, and another who is not a son, and yet consubstantial, and I will accept God and God. You too give me another god, and another nature of God, and I will give you the same trinity with the same names and realities. But if God is one, and the highest nature is one, whence shall I provide you with a likeness? Or do you seek again from things below and around you? It is very shameful, and not only shameful, but also quite foolish, to take a likeness of things above from things below, and of the immovable from a fluid nature, and, as Isaiah says, to seek the living among the dead; nevertheless I will try, for your sake, even from here to give some help to the argument. Therefore I think I will pass over other things, though I could say much from natural history, some things known to us, others to the few, all that nature has ingeniously contrived concerning the generation of animals. For it is said that things are generated, not only the same from the same, nor different from different, but also the same from different, and different from the same. And if the account is credible to anyone, there is also another mode of generation, something being consumed by itself and

3

τὸν λόγον τοῦτον, ὅτι θεὸς ὀνομάζεται, καὶ πατήρ; καὶ θῆλύ τι τὴν θεότητα, ὅσον ἐπὶ ταῖς κλήσεσι; καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα οὐδέτερον, ὅτι μὴ γεννητικόν; εἰ δέ σοι καὶ τοῦτο παιχθείη, τῇ ἑαυτοῦ θελήσει τὸν θεὸν συγγενόμενον, κατὰ τοὺς παλαιοὺς λήρους καὶ μύθους, γεννήσασθαι τὸν υἱόν, εἰσήχθη τις ἡμῖν καὶ Μαρκίωνος καὶ Οὐαλεντίνου θεὸς ἀρρενόθηλυς, τοῦ τοὺς καινοὺς αἰῶνας ἀνατυπώσαντος.

8 Ἐπεὶ δέ σου τὴν πρώτην διαίρεσιν οὐ δεχόμεθα, τὴν μηδὲν ἀγεννήτου καὶ γεννητοῦ μέσον ὑπολαμβάνουσαν, αὐτίκα οἰχήσονταί σοι μετὰ τῆς σεμνῆς διαιρέσεως οἱ ἀδελφοὶ καὶ οἱ υἱωνοί, ὥσπερ τινὸς δεσμοῦ πολυπλόκου τῆς πρώτης ἀρχῆς διαλυθείσης συνδια λυθέντες, καὶ τῆς θεολογίας ὑποχωρήσαντες. ποῦ γὰρ θήσεις τὸ ἐκπορευτόν, εἰπέ μοι, μέσον ἀναφανὲν τῆς σῆς διαιρέσεως, καὶ παρὰ κρείσσονος ἢ κατὰ σὲ θεολόγου, τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, εἰσαγόμενον; εἰ μὴ τὴν φωνὴν ἐκείνην τῶν σῶν ἐξεῖλες εὐαγγελίων, διὰ τὴν τρίτην σου διαθήκην, Τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται· ὃ καθ' ὅσον μὲν ἐκεῖθεν ἐκπορεύεται, οὐ κτίσμα· καθ' ὅσον δὲ οὐ γεννητόν, οὐχ υἱός· καθ' ὅσον δὲ ἀγεννήτου καὶ γεννητοῦ μέσον θεός. καὶ οὕτω σου τὰς τῶν συλλογισμῶν ἄρκυς διαφυγὼν, θεὸς ἀναπέφηνε, τῶν σῶν διαιρέσεων ἰσχυρότερος. τίς οὖν ἡ ἐκπόρευσις; εἰπὲ σὺ τὴν ἀγεννησίαν τοῦ πατρός, κἀγὼ τὴν γέννησιν τοῦ υἱοῦ φυσιολογήσω, καὶ τὴν ἐκπόρευσιν τοῦ πνεύματος, καὶ παραπληκτίσομεν ἄμφω εἰς θεοῦ μυστήρια παρακύπτοντες· καὶ ταῦτα τίνες; οἱ μηδὲ τὰ ἐν ποσὶν εἰδέναι δυνάμενοι, μηδὲ ψάμμον θαλασσῶν, καὶ σταγόνας ὑετοῦ, καὶ ἡμέρας αἰῶνος ἐξαριθμεῖσθαι, μὴ ὅτι γε θεοῦ βάθεσιν ἐμβατεύειν, καὶ λόγον ὑπέχειν τῆς οὕτως ἀρρήτου καὶ ὑπὲρ λόγον φύσεως.

9 Τί οὖν ἐστί, φησιν, ὃ λείπει τῷ πνεύματι, πρὸς τὸ εἶναι υἱόν; εἰ γὰρ μὴ λεῖπόν τι ἦν, υἱὸς ἂν ἦν. οὐ λείπειν φαμέν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐλλειπὴς θεός· τὸ δὲ τῆς ἐκφάνσεως, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, ἢ τῆς πρὸς ἄλληλα σχέσεως διάφορον, διάφορον αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν κλῆσιν πεποίηκεν. οὐδὲ γὰρ τῷ υἱῷ λείπει τι πρὸς τὸ εἶναι πατέρα, οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔλλειψις ἡ υἱότης, ἀλλ' οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο πατήρ. ἢ οὕτω γε καὶ τῷ πατρὶ λείψει τι πρὸς τὸ εἶναι υἱόν· οὐ γὰρ υἱὸς ὁ πατήρ. ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐλλεί ψεως ταῦτά ποθεν, οὐδὲ τῆς κατὰ τὴν οὐσίαν ὑφέσεως· αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ μὴ γεγενῆσθαι, καὶ τὸ γεγενῆσθαι, καὶ τὸ ἐκπορεύεσθαι, τὸν μὲν πατέρα, τὸν δὲ υἱόν, τὸ δὲ τοῦθ' ὅπερ λέγεται πνεῦμα ἅγιον προσηγόρευσεν, ἵνα τὸ ἀσύγχυτον σώζηται τῶν τριῶν ὑποστάσεων ἐν τῇ μιᾷ φύσει τε καὶ ἀξίᾳ τῆς θεότητος. οὔτε γὰρ ὁ υἱὸς πατήρ, εἷς γὰρ πατήρ, ἀλλ' ὅπερ ὁ πατήρ· οὔτε τὸ πνεῦμα υἱὸς ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἷς γὰρ ὁ μονογενής, ἀλλ' ὅπερ ὁ υἱός· ἓν τὰ τρία τῇ θεότητι, καὶ τὸ ἓν τρία ταῖς ἰδιότησιν· ἵνα μήτε τὸ ἓν Σαβέλλιον ᾖ, μήτε τὰ τρία τῆς πονηρᾶς νῦν διαιρέσεως.

10 Τί οὖν; θεὸς τὸ πνεῦμα; πάνυ γε. τί οὖν, ὁμοούσιον; εἴπερ 10 θεός. δὸς οὖν μοί, φησιν, ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τὸ μὲν υἱόν, τὸ δὲ οὐχ υἱόν, εἶτα ὁμοούσια, καὶ δέχομαι θεὸν καὶ θεόν. δός μοι καὶ σὺ θεὸν ἄλλον, καὶ φύσιν θεοῦ, καὶ δώσω σοι τὴν αὐτὴν τριάδα μετὰ τῶν αὐτῶν ὀνομάτων τε καὶ πραγμάτων. εἰ δὲ εἷς ὁ θεός, τε καὶ μία φύσις ἡ ἀνωτάτω, πόθεν παραστήσω σοι τὴν ὁμοίωσιν; ἢ ζητεῖς πάλιν ἐκ τῶν κάτω καὶ τῶν περὶ σέ; λίαν μὲν αἰσχρόν, καὶ οὐκ αἰσχρὸν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μάταιον ἐπιεικῶς, ἐκ τῶν κάτω τῶν ἄνω τὴν εἰκασίαν λαμβάνειν, καὶ τῶν ἀκινήτων ἐκ τῆς ῥευστῆς φύσεως, καί, ὅ φησιν Ἠσαίας, ἐκζητεῖσθαι τὰ ζῶντα ἐν τοῖς νεκροῖς· ὅμως δὲ πειράσομαι, σὴν χάριν, κἀντεῦθεν δοῦναί τινα τῷ λόγῳ βοήθειαν. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄλλα παρήσειν μοι δοκῶ, πολλὰ ἂν ἔχων ἐκ τῆς περὶ ζώων ἱστορίας εἰπεῖν, τὰ μὲν ἡμῖν γνώριμα, τὰ δὲ τοῖς ὀλίγοις, ὅσα περὶ τὰς τῶν ζώων γενέσεις ἡ φύσις ἐφιλοτεχνήσατο. γεννᾶσθαι γὰρ λέγεται, οὐκ ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν τὰ αὐτὰ μόνον, οὐδὲ ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρων τὰ αὐτά, καὶ ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν ἕτερα. εἰ δέ τῳ πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ ἄλλος ἐστὶ τρόπος γεννήσεως, αὐτό τι ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ δαπανώμενον καὶ