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of the present: For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age; but concerning the one to come: Looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ. And the prophet also said of that very thing thus: The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord. But for what reason is not the day on which he was born, but the day on which he was baptized, called Epiphany? For this is the day on which he was baptized, and hallowed the nature of the 49.366 waters. For this reason also at midnight on this feast all draw water and store the streams at home, and keep them for a whole year, since the waters are consecrated today; and the sign becomes clear, as the nature of those waters is not corrupted with the passage of time, but for a whole year and often two and three years the water drawn today remains uncorrupted and fresh, and after so much time rivals the waters just drawn from the springs. For what reason, then, is this called Epiphany? Because it was not when he was born that he was made manifest to all, but when he was baptized; for until this day he was unknown to the many. And that the many were ignorant of him, and did not know who he was, hear John the Baptist saying: Among you stands one whom you do not know. And what wonder if others were ignorant, when even the Baptist himself was ignorant of him until that day? For I, he says, did not know him, but he who sent me to baptize in water, he said to me: Upon whom you shall see the Spirit descending and remaining on him, this is he who baptizes in the Holy Spirit. That there are two epiphanies, then, is clear from these things; but for what reason Christ comes to baptism, it is necessary to say, and to what kind of baptism he comes; for it is necessary to know this as well as that. And this it is necessary to teach your love first; for from this we shall know that also. There was the Jewish baptism, which delivered from bodily defilements, not from sins of the conscience. For if anyone committed adultery, or dared to steal, or transgressed in any other such way, it did not deliver him from the accusations; but if anyone touched the bones of the dead, if anyone tasted of forbidden food, if anyone came from corruption, if anyone associated with lepers, he would wash, and until evening he was unclean, then he was cleansed. For his body shall be washed with pure water, he says, and he will be unclean until evening, and will be cleansed. For these were not truly sin nor impurity, but since they were more imperfect, God, by making them more cautious through such things, prepared them from above to be more precise for the observance of greater things. 3. The Jewish purification, therefore, did not deliver from sins, but only from bodily defilements, but ours is not such, but much greater and full of much grace; for it delivers from sins, and cleanses the soul, and gives a supply of the Spirit. But that of John was much higher than the Jewish, but lower than ours, being like a bridge of both these baptisms, leading by the hand from that one to this one through itself; for it did not lead them to the observance of bodily purifications, but having turned them from those things, it exhorted and advised them to change from vice to virtue, and in the right actions of works to have the hopes of salvation, not in various 49.367 baptisms and purifications of waters. For not

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παρούσης· Ἐπεφάνη ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάρις ἡ σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς, ἵνα ἀρνησάμενοι τὴν ἀσέβειαν καὶ τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας, σωφρόνως καὶ δικαίως καὶ εὐσεβῶς ζήσωμεν ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι· περὶ δὲ τῆς μελλούσης· Προσδεχόμενοι τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ ὁ προφήτης δὲ περὶ αὐτῆς ἐκείνης ἔλεγεν οὕτως· Ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος, καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν τὴν ἡμέραν Κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ. Ἀλλὰ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐχὶ ἡ ἡμέρα καθ' ἣν ἐτέχθη, ἀλλ' ἡ ἡμέρα καθ' ἣν ἐβαπτίσθη, ἐπιφάνεια λέγεται; Αὕτη γάρ ἐστιν ἡ ἡμέρα καθ' ἣν ἐβαπτίσατο, καὶ τὴν τῶν 49.366 ὑδάτων ἡγίασε φύσιν. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο καὶ ἐν μεσονυκτίῳ κατὰ τὴν ἑορτὴν ταύτην ἅπαντες ὑδρευσάμενοι οἴκαδε τὰ νάματα ἀποτίθενται, καὶ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν ὁλόκληρον φυλάττουσιν, ἅτε δὴ σήμερον ἁγιασθέντων τῶν ὑδάτων· καὶ τὸ σημεῖον γίνεται ἐναργὲς οὐ διαφθειρομένης τῆς τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκείνων φύσεως τῷ μήκει τοῦ χρόνου, ἀλλ' εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν ὁλόκληρον καὶ δύο καὶ τρία πολλάκις ἔτη τοῦ σήμερον ἀντληθέντος ὕδατος ἀκεραίου καὶ νεαροῦ μένοντος, καὶ μετὰ τοσοῦτον χρόνον τοῖς ἄρτι τῶν πηγῶν ἐξαρπασθεῖσιν ὕδασιν ἁμιλλωμένου. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν αὕτη ἐπιφάνεια λέγεται; Ἐπειδὴ οὐχ ὅτε ἐτέχθη, τότε πᾶσιν ἐγένετο κατάδηλος, ἀλλ' ὅτε ἐβαπτίσατο· μέχρι γὰρ ταύτης ἠγνοεῖτο τῆς ἡμέρας τοῖς πολλοῖς. Καὶ ὅτι ἠγνόουν αὐτὸν οἱ πολλοὶ, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδεισαν ὅστις ποτὲ ἦν, ἄκουσον τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ Ἰωάννου λέγοντος· Μέσος ὑμῶν ἕστηκεν, ὃν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν εἰ ἄλλοι ἠγνόουν, ὅπου γε καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Βαπτιστὴς αὐτὸν ἠγνόει ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης; Καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ, φησὶν, οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτὸν, ἀλλ' ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι, ἐκεῖνός μοι εἶπεν· Ἐφ' ὃν ἂν ἴδῃς τὸ Πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον, καὶ μένον ἐπ' αὐτὸν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν ἐπιφάνειαι δύο, δῆλον ἐκ τούτων· τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ἔρχεται ὁ Χριστὸς, ἀναγκαῖον εἰπεῖν, καὶ ἐπὶ ποῖον ἔρχεται βάπτισμα· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο ἀναγκαῖον εἰδέναι, ὥσπερ οὖν κἀκεῖνο. Καὶ τοῦτο πρότερον διδάξαι χρὴ τὴν ὑμετέραν ἀγάπην· ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτου κἀκεῖνο εἰσόμεθα. Βάπτισμα ἦν τὸ Ἰουδαϊκὸν, τὸ ῥύπων σωματικῶν ἀπαλλάττον, οὐ τῶν κατὰ τὸ συνειδὸς ἁμαρτημάτων. Οὐ γὰρ εἴ τις μοιχείαν εἰργάσατο, οὐδὲ εἴ τις κλοπὴν ἐτόλμησεν, οὐδὲ εἴ τις ἄλλο τι τοιοῦτον παρηνόμησεν, ἀπήλλαττεν αὐτὸν τῶν ἐγκλημάτων· ἀλλ' εἴ τις ὀστῶν ἥψατο νεκρῶν, εἴ τις μὴ νενομισμένης ἐγεύσατο τροφῆς, εἴ τις ἐκ φθορᾶς παρεγένετο, εἴ τις λεπροῖς συνεγίνετο, ἐλούετο, καὶ μέχρι τῆς ἑσπέρας ἀκάθαρτος ἦν, εἶτα ἐκαθαίρετο. Λούσεται γὰρ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι καθαρῷ, φησὶν, καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας, καὶ καθαρισθήσεται. Οὐ γὰρ ἀληθῶς ἁμαρτία ταῦτα ἦν οὐδὲ ἀκαθαρσία, ἀλλὰ ἀτελεστέρους ὄντας διὰ τῶν τοιούτων ποιῶν εὐλαβεστέρους ὁ Θεὸς, πρὸς τὴν τῶν μειζόνων παρατήρησιν ἀκριβεστέρους ἄνωθεν παρεσκεύασε. γʹ. Τὸ μὲν οὖν Ἰουδαϊκὸν καθάρσιον ἁμαρτημάτων μὲν οὐκ ἀπήλλαττε, ῥύπων δὲ σωματικῶν μόνον, τὸ δὲ ἡμέτερον οὐ τοιοῦτον, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μεῖζον καὶ πολλῆς γέμον χάριτος· καὶ γὰρ ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπαλλάττει, καὶ ψυχὴν ἀποσμήχει, καὶ Πνεύματος δίδωσι χορηγίαν. Τὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἰωάννου τοῦ μὲν Ἰουδαϊκοῦ σφόδρα ὑψηλότερον ἦν, τοῦ δὲ ἡμετέρου ταπεινότερον, καθάπερ γέφυρά τις ὂν ἑκατέρων τούτων τῶν βαπτισμάτων, ἀπ' ἐκείνου πρὸς τοῦτο δι' ἑαυτοῦ χειραγωγοῦν· οὐ γὰρ δὴ εἰς παρατήρησιν καθαρμῶν σωματικῶν αὐτοὺς ἐνῆγεν, ἀλλ' ἀποστῆσαν ἐκείνων παρῄνει καὶ συνεβούλευε μεταβαλεῖν ἀπὸ κακίας εἰς ἀρετὴν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς τῶν ἔργων κατορθώμασι τὰς ἐλπίδας τῆς σωτηρίας ἔχειν, οὐκ ἐν βαπτισμοῖς δια 49.367 φόροις καὶ καθαρμοῖς ὑδάτων. Οὐ γὰρ