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2. Knowing these things, then, let us not despair, nor let us be simply indolent; for both of these are destructive. For despair does not allow the one who has fallen to rise, while indolence makes the one who is standing fall down; the former is accustomed to deprive of goods that have been acquired, the latter does not allow one to be freed from incumbent evils; and contempt brings one down even from the heavens themselves, while despair leads one down into the very abyss of wickedness, just as not despairing, then, causes one to run back up quickly even from there. But consider the power of both. The devil was good before this; but having been indolent and having despaired, he fell into such wickedness as never to rise again. For that he was good, hear what He says: I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. The comparison to lightning shows both the brightness of his former way of life and the swiftness of his fall. Paul was a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and an insolent man; but since he was zealous and did not despair, he both rose up and became equal to the angels. But Judas was an apostle, yet by being indolent he became a traitor. The thief, again, after so much wickedness, because he did not despair, entered into paradise before all others. The Pharisee, being confident in his own virtue, was brought down from the height. The tax-collector, not despairing, was so set aright as even to surpass the other. Do you want me to show you a whole city that did this? The city of the Ninevites was thus entirely saved. And yet the sentence cast them into despair. For he did not say, If they repent, they will be saved, but simply, 49.280 Yet three days, and Nineveh will be overthrown. But nevertheless, though God was threatening, and the prophet crying out, and the sentence had no delay nor qualification, they did not fall away, nor did they give up their good hopes. For this reason he did not add a qualification, nor did he say, But if they repent, they will be saved, so that we too, when we hear a sentence of God being brought without qualification, may not despair even so, nor give up, looking to that example. But it is not only through this that one can see the loving-kindness of God, that having not added a qualification to the sentence, he was nevertheless reconciled to those who repented, but also from the very fact of his bringing forth a complete sentence. For wishing to increase their fear and to rebuke their great indolence, he did this, and the time of repentance itself shows his ineffable loving-kindness. For what did three days accomplish so much, as to wipe out such great wickedness? Do you see how from this also the care of God is shown? For this contributed the greater part to the salvation of the city. Knowing these things, then, let us never despair. For there is no weapon so powerful for the devil as despair; for this reason we do not please him so much by sinning as by despairing. Hear, at any rate, in the case of the one who had committed fornication, how Paul feared despair more than the sin; for writing to the Corinthians he said thus: It is actually reported that there is fornication among you, and such fornication as is not even named among the Gentiles. And he did not say, which is not even dared among the Gentiles, but, is not even named; for what to them is unbearable even in name, this has been dared by you in deed. And you are puffed up? And he did not say, And he is puffed up, but leaving aside the one who had sinned, he speaks to those who are sound; just as physicians do, leaving aside the sick, they use more words with their relatives; otherwise, these were also the cause of all his folly, by not rebuking nor reproving him. He therefore made the accusation common, so that the healing of the wound might be easy. For it is a terrible thing to sin, but much more grievous to be proud of one's sins. For if in the case of righteousness, being puffed up is an emptying of righteousness, much more when this happens in the case of sins will it bring us extreme harm, and

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βʹ. Ταῦτα οὖν εἰδότες μηδὲ ἡμεῖς ἀπογινώσκωμεν, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ ῥᾳθυμήσωμεν ἁπλῶς· ἑκάτερα γὰρ ταῦτα ὀλέθρια. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀπόγνωσις τὸν κείμενον οὐκ ἀφίησιν ἀναστῆναι, ἡ δὲ ῥᾳθυμία τὸν ἑστῶτα ποιεῖ καταπίπτειν· ἐκείνη τῶν πορισθέντων ἀγαθῶν ἀποστερεῖν εἴωθεν, αὕτη τῶν ἐπικειμένων οὐκ ἀφίησιν ἀπαλλαγῆναι κακῶν· καὶ ἡ μὲν καταφρόνησις καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν καταφέρει τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἡ δὲ ἀπόγνωσις εἰς αὐτὴν κατάγει τῆς κακίας τὴν ἄβυσσον, ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ μὴ ἀπογνῶναι κἀκεῖθεν ταχέως ἀναδραμεῖν ποιεῖ. Σκόπει δὲ ἀμφοτέρων τὴν ἰσχύν· ὁ διάβολος ἀγαθὸς ἦν πρὸ τούτου· ῥᾳθυμήσας δὲ καὶ ἀπογνοὺς ἔπεσεν εἰς τοσαύτην κακίαν, ὡς μηδὲ ἀναστῆναι λοιπόν· ὅτι γὰρ ἀγαθὸς ἦν, ἄκουσον τί φησιν· Εἶδον τὸν Σατανᾶν ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα. Ἡ δὲ ἀστραπῆς παραβολὴ καὶ τὸ φαιδρὸν τῆς προτέρας δείκνυσιν ἀναστροφῆς, καὶ τὴν τῆς πτώσεως ὀξύτητα. Ὁ Παῦλος βλάσφημος ἦν, καὶ διώκτης, καὶ ὑβριστής· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐσπούδασε καὶ οὐκ ἀπέγνω, καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων γέγονεν ἴσος· ὁ δὲ Ἰούδας ἀπόστολος ἦν, ἀλλὰ ῥᾳθυμήσας γέγονε προδότης. Ὁ λῃστὴς πάλιν μετὰ τοσαύτην κακίαν, ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἀπέγνω, πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων εἰς τὸν παράδεισον εἰσῆλθεν· ὁ Φαρισαῖος θαῤῥήσας ἐξ αὐτοῦ τῆς ἀρετῆς κατηνέχθη τοῦ ὕψους· ὁ τελώνης μὴ ἀπογνοὺς, οὕτως ὠρθώθη ὡς κἀκεῖνον παραδραμεῖν. Βούλει σοι δείξω καὶ πόλιν ὁλόκληρον τοῦτο ποιήσασαν; Ἡ τῶν Νινευϊτῶν πόλις οὕτως ἐσώθη πᾶσα· καίτοι γε ἡ ἀπόφασις εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν αὐτοὺς ἐνέβαλεν· οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ὅτι, Ἐὰν μετανοήσωσι, σωθήσονται, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς, 49.280 Ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι, καὶ Νινευῒ καταστραφήσεται· ἀλλ' ὅμως ἀπειλοῦντος τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοῦ προφήτου βοῶντος, καὶ τῆς ἀποφάσεως οὐκ ἐχούσης μέλλησιν οὐδὲ διορισμὸν, οὐκ ἀνέπεσον, οὐδὲ τὰς χρηστὰς προέδωκαν ἐλπίδας. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο οὐ προσέθηκε διορισμὸν, οὐδὲ εἶπεν, Ἐὰν δὲ μετανοήσωσι, σωθήσονται, ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς, ὅταν ἀκούσωμεν ἀποφάσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ φερομένης χωρὶς διορισμοῦ, μηδὲ οὕτως ἀπογνῶμεν, μηδὲ ἀπαγορεύσωμεν, εἰς ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὑπόδειγμα βλέποντες. Οὐ διὰ τούτου δὲ μόνον ἔστι τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν ἰδεῖν, ὅτι μὴ προσθεὶς διορισμὸν τῇ ἀποφάσει, ὅμως μετανοήσασι κατηλλάγη, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἀπηρτισμένην ἐξενεγκεῖν. Αὐξῆσαι γὰρ τὸν φόβον βουλόμενος καὶ τῆς πολλῆς αὐτῶν ῥᾳθυμίας καθάψασθαι, τοῦτο ἐποίησε, καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ χρόνος τῆς μετανοίας δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἄφατον φιλανθρωπίαν. Τί γὰρ ἡμέραι τρεῖς τοσοῦτον εἰργάσαντο, ὡς ἀφανίσαι κακίαν τοσαύτην; Ὁρᾷς πῶς καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ φαίνεται κηδεμονία; τὸ γὰρ πλέον αὕτη συνεισήνεγκεν εἰς τὴν τῆς πόλεως σωτηρίαν. Ταῦτα οὖν εἰδότες, μηδέποτε ἀπογινώσκωμεν· οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἰσχυρὸν ὅπλον τῷ διαβόλῳ, ὡς ἀπόγνωσις· διὰ τοῦτο οὐχ οὕτως αὐτὸν εὐφραίνομεν ἁμαρτάνοντες, ὡς ἀπογινώσκοντες. Ἄκουσον γοῦν ἐπὶ τοῦ πεπορνευκότος, πῶς τῆς ἁμαρτίας μᾶλλον τὴν ἀπόγνωσιν δέδοικεν ὁ Παῦλος· γράφων γὰρ Κορινθίοις οὕτως ἔλεγεν· Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία, καὶ τοιαύτη πορνεία, ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὀνομάζεται· καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι τολμᾶται, ἀλλ', Οὐδὲ ὀνομάζεται· ὃ γὰρ μέχρι προσηγορίας ἐκείνοις ἀφόρητον, τοῦτο ὑμῖν ἔργῳ τετόλμηται. Καὶ ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ; Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Καὶ ἐκεῖνος πεφυσίωται, ἀλλ' ἀφεὶς τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα, τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσι διαλέγεται· καθάπερ οἱ ἰατροὶ ποιοῦσιν, ἀφέντες τοὺς κάμνοντας, πρὸς τοὺς προσήκοντας αὐτοῖς πλείονι κέχρηνται λόγῳ· ἄλλως δὲ καὶ οὗτοι τῆς ἀπονοίας αἴτιοι πάσης ἦσαν αὐτῷ, μὴ ἐπιτιμῶντες μηδὲ ἐπιπλήττοντες. Ἐκοίνωσε τοίνυν τὸ ἔγκλημα, ἵνα ῥᾳδία γένηται τοῦ τραύματος ἡ θεραπεία. ∆εινὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν, πολλῷ δὲ χαλεπώτερον τὸ καὶ μέγα φρονεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ δικαιοσύνῃ τὸ φυσᾶσθαι κένωσις δικαιοσύνης ἐστὶ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι τοῦτο συμβαῖνον ἐσχάτην οἴσει βλάβην ἡμῖν, καὶ