John Chrysostom, On the exaltation of the venerable cross

they who devised the cross against life. The Cross has become for us the cause of all these things, and through the Cross we have been taught to sing.

What, then, is more precious than the Cross? And what is more beneficial for our souls than this? Therefore let us not be ashamed to name the Cross, but with all boldness let us confess it, through which we have been called to salvation, and are sent on to eternal life. Do you see how great an economy this Cross has wrought for the world? It has changed its lawless deeds, and altered its godless doctrines; it no longer lives by diabolical laws, nor conducts itself by deadly ordinances. For God came to dwell among us, and cut out the passions of maddening frenzy, legislated his own things, and decreed what is expedient and beneficial; he ordained doctrines of temperance, and cut off sensuality; he set the boundaries of holiness, and established a law of purity, and did away with lawless fornication; he legislated the canons of self-control, and overturned the dominion of pleasures; by a divine decree he tore down the instruments of desires, and diminished all sin 59.681 born through pleasure. For since the beginning of fornication is the devising of idols, and their invention is the corruption of life, for this reason he cut out the root of lawlessness, that he might stop all the streams of impiety.

And he abolished the abominable objects of worship of idolatry, and destroyed the practices of the wicked, he made useless the divisions of Bacchic lawlessness, and obscured the fabrications and adornments of impiety; he cut off the injustices of deceit, and dammed up the streams of perdition; he cleansed souls by uprooting the thorns of impiety, and brought forth like a grain of wheat the seeds of godliness, that he might show souls bearing the fruits of righteousness; he opened the floodgates of the spiritual distribution of grain, and filled the rational storehouses with the divine fruits of heavenly wisdom; he filled believers with the sanctification of the Spirit, and each one became a vessel of divine holiness, and a river of divine comeliness. The Cross has supplied us with the possession of all these things, and of all such great goods we partake through the Cross. We have received the knowledge of all these things through the Cross, and all these things we have been taught through it. But that you may learn the power of the Cross and how much the energy of the Cross avails, understand what happened upon the Cross, and you will find works of divine power being accomplished through it. A Cross is fixed against life, and life for the world has been devised through the Cross for death, and death has been shown to be dead through it; a Cross is spread out against the truth, and through the Cross the world has been filled with truth; a Cross is stretched out against the Master, and the Master, stretching out his hands through it, gathered all things to himself. Christ hangs upon a Cross, and the devil is slain; Christ is spread out upon a Cross, and a sign of salvation has been given to the world; Christ is nailed to a Cross, and every soul is freed from bonds; Christ is fixed upon a Cross, and the whole creation has been freed from the corruption of slavery; Christ has rested upon a Cross, and a new wonder has been revealed to the world; for the light of the sun is 59.682 darkened. A symbol for the unbelievers of the darkness being stored up on the day of judgment, and for believers of the light of day being changed from darkness. And a certain prophetic oracle cries this out, saying: And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, the sun will set at noon, and the light will grow dark in the day, and I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentations. Do you see, beloved, how great a mystery the prophetic oracle contains?

For here he alludes to the affairs of both, I mean of the Jews who are under the law, and of the gentiles outside the law who practice lawlessness. For the ones according to

τὸν σταυρὸν κατὰ τῆς ζωῆς ἐπινοήσαντες. Σταυρὸς τούτων ἁπάντων ἡμῖν πρόξενος γέγονε, καὶ διὰ σταυροῦ ᾄδειν ἐδιδάχθημεν.

Τί τοίνυν σταυροῦ τιμιώτερον; τί δὲ τούτου ταῖς ἡμετέραις ψυχαῖς ὠφελιμώτερον; Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῶμεν σταυρὸν ὀνομάζοντες, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πάσης παῤῥησίας αὐτὸν ὁμολογήσωμεν, δι' οὗ εἰς σωτηρίαν ἀνεκλήθημεν, καὶ εἰς αἰώνιον ζωὴν παραπεμπόμεθα. Ὁρᾷς πόσην ὁ σταυρὸς οὗτος οἰκονομίαν τῷ κόσμῳ κατειργάσατο; Μετέβαλεν αὐτοῦ τὰ ἄνομα πράγματα, καὶ ἠλλοίωσε τὰ ἄθεα δόγματα, οὐκ ἔτι νόμοις διαβολικοῖς ἐμπολιτεύεται, οὐ θεσμοῖς θανατικοῖς ἀναστρέφεται. Θεὸς γὰρ ἐπεδήμησε, καὶ τῆς οἰστρηλασίας τὰ πάθη ἐξέτεμε, τὰ ἴδια ἐνομοθέτησε, καὶ τὰ συμφέροντα καὶ ἐπωφελῆ ἐδογμάτισε· δόγματα σωφροσύνης ἐθέσπισε, καὶ τὴν ἡδυπάθειαν ἐξέκοψεν· ὅρους ἁγιωσύνης ἐνέθηκε, καὶ νόμον ἁγνείας ἥρμοσε, καὶ ἄνομον πορνείαν ἐκποδὼν ἐποίησε· τοὺς τῆς ἐγκρατείας ἐνομοθέτησε κανόνας, καὶ τὰς τῶν ἡδονῶν ἐπικρατείας ἀνέτρεψε· δόγματι θεϊκῷ τὰ τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν ὄργανα κατέσπασε, καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δι' ἡδονῆς ἐντικτομένην 59.681 ἁμαρτίαν ἐμείωσεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀρχὴ πορνείας, ἐπίνοια εἰδώλων, εὕρεσις δὲ αὐτῶν, φθορὰ ζωῆς, διὰ τοῦτο τὴν ῥίζαν τῆς ἀνομίας ἐξέκοψεν, ἵνα παύσῃ πάντα τὰ ῥεύματα τῆς ἀσεβείας.

Καὶ κατήργησε μὲν τὰ μυσαρὰ σεβάσματα τῆς εἰδωλολατρείας, διέφθειρε δὲ τὰ τῶν ἀθεμίτων ἐπιτηδεύματα, ἠχρείωσε τὰ σχίσματα τῆς βακχικῆς παρανομίας, καὶ ἠμαύρωσε τὰ πλάσματα καὶ τὰ καλλωπίσματα τῆς ἀσεβείας· τὰ τῆς ἀπάτης ἐνέκοψεν ἀδικήματα, καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀπωλείας ἐνέφραξε ῥεύματα· ἐκαθάρισε τὰς ψυχὰς ἐκριζώσας τὰς ἀκάνθας τῆς ἀσεβείας, καὶ ἤνεγκεν ὡς κόκκον σίτου τὰ σπέρματα τῆς θεοσεβείας, ἵν' ἀποδείξῃ τὰς ψυχὰς καρποφορούσας γεννήματα δικαιοσύνης· ἤνοιξε τοὺς καταῤῥάκτας τῆς πνευματικῆς σιτοδοσίας, καὶ ἐπλήρωσε τὰς λογικὰς ἀποθήκας τῶν θεϊκῶν γεννημάτων τῆς ἐπουρανίου σοφίας· ἐνεφόρησε τοὺς πιστεύοντας τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἁγιαστίας, καὶ γέγονεν ἕκαστος δοχεῖον τῆς ἐνθέου ἁγιωσύνης, καὶ ποταμὸς τῆς θείας εὐπρεπείας. Τούτων ἡμῖν ἁπάντων ὁ σταυρὸς ἐχορήγησε τὴν κτῆσιν, καὶ πάντων τῶν τηλικούτων ἀγαθῶν διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ ἀπολαύομεν. Τούτων ἁπάντων τὴν γνῶσιν διὰ σταυροῦ εἰλήφαμεν, καὶ ταῦτα πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐδιδάχθημεν. Ἵνα δὲ μάθῃς τοῦ σταυροῦ τὴν δύναμιν καὶ πόσον ἰσχύει σταυροῦ ἐνέργεια, κατάμαθε τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ γενόμενα, καὶ εὑρήσεις ἔργα θεϊκῆς δυνάμεως δι' αὐτοῦ τελούμενα. Σταυρὸς κατὰ τῆς ζωῆς πήγνυται, καὶ ζωὴ τῷ κόσμῳ διὰ σταυροῦ εἰς θάνατον ἐπινενόηται, καὶ θάνατος νεκρὸς δι' αὐτοῦ ἀποδέδεικται· σταυρὸς κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας ἥπλωται, καὶ διὰ σταυροῦ κόσμος τῆς ἀληθείας πεπλήρωται· σταυρὸς ἐκτέταται κατὰ τοῦ ∆εσπότου, καὶ ὁ ∆εσπότης δι' αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας ἐκτείνας, τὰ πάντα πρὸς ἑαυτὸν συνήγαγε. Χριστὸς ἐπὶ σταυροῦ κρέμαται, καὶ διάβολος νενέκρωται· Χριστὸς ἐπὶ σταυροῦ ἥπλωται, καὶ σημεῖον σωτηρίας τῷ κόσμῳ δεδώρηται· Χριστὸς ἐπὶ σταυροῦ προσήλωται, καὶ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐκ δεσμῶν λελύτρωται· Χριστὸς ἐπὶ σταυροῦ πέπηγε, καὶ ἡ σύμπασα κτίσις ἀπὸ τῆς φθορᾶς τῆς δουλείας ἠλευθέρωται· Χριστὸς ἐπὶ σταυροῦ ἀναπέπαυται, καὶ τεράστιον καινότερον τῷ κόσμῳ ἀναδέδεικται· ἡλίου γὰρ τὸ φῶς σκο 59.682 τίζεται. Σύμβολον τοῖς μὲν ἀπίστοις ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως τὸ σκότος ταμιευόμενον, τοῖς δὲ πιστεύουσι τὸ φῶς τῆς ἡμέρας ἀπὸ σκότους μεταβαλλόμενον. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ προφητικόν που λόγιον βοᾷ λέγον· Καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρα, λέγει Κύριος, δύσεται ὁ ἥλιος μεσημβρίας, καὶ συσκοτάσει ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τὸ φῶς, καὶ μεταστρέψω τὰς ἑορτὰς ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος, καὶ πάσας τὰς ᾠδὰς ὑμῶν εἰς θρήνους. Ὁρᾷς, ἀγαπητὲ, ἡλίκον περιέχει μυστήριον τὸ προφητικὸν λόγιον;

Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ ἀμφοτέρων αἰνίττεται τὰ πράγματα, Ἰουδαίων τε λέγω τῶν ὑπὸ νόμον, καὶ ἐθνῶν ἔξω τοῦ νόμου τὴν ἀνομίαν ἐπιτελούντων. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ κατὰ