to have the preeminence of a more honorable name than the people, God spares him so that he might not be punished when he sins. But the things written about them, says the apostle, were written for us, "upon whom the ends of the ages have come." If, therefore, anyone sins even among these priests (and I mean us, the presbyters) or among these Levites who stand around the people (I mean the deacons), he will have this punishment; just as again there are certain priestly blessings, about which, God willing, not long from now, but after the examination of the prophetic word, we will learn when the book of Numbers is read; for some things are about to be said there about priests. God says, therefore, that he will fill "both the priests and the prophets and Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem" with "drunkenness" and will scatter "them, a man and his brother, and their fathers and their sons ." And let us understand these things thus: God gathers the righteous, but he scatters the sinners. For this reason, when men were not moving from the east, God did not scatter them; but when they moved "from the east" and "a man said to his neighbor, 'Come, let us build for ourselves a city and a tower, whose top will be to heaven,'" God says concerning them: "'Come, and going down, let us confuse their language there,' and each one is confused and is scattered to some place on the earth." And the people of Israel, when they were not sinning, were in Judea, but when they sinned, they were then scattered from the inhabited world and dispersed everywhere. Understand something like this also concerning all of us. There is a "church of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, where there is Mount Zion and the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem." The blessed will be gathered there, so that they may be together. But sinners are punished in this very thing, by not being with one another. I know some in this life who, for the sake of punishment and for torment, wish to deliver to a certain island the relatives of someone who has offended the kingdom, and to scatter them, the wife here, one son here, then the other elsewhere, so that not even in their misfortune might the mother enjoy her son, or a brother his brother. Understand something like this also concerning the unjust. You must taste something more bitter when the sinner is administered by God, so that being chastened you may be saved. And just as you do not punish a servant or a son who is being punished by you simply wishing to torture him, but so that by labors you might turn him back, so also God will chasten with the pains of suffering those who do not turn back by the word, those who are not healed. For the sake of chastening he inflicts what he inflicts, according to what is said: "Jerusalem, you will be chastened continually with labor and scourging." Therefore, so that the chastening labor may increase, those who are laboring are scattered from one another, so that this one and that one are not together. For the intensity of the labor would be relieved through the consolation of each one from the other. 12.4 But if it is necessary to add to the account another reason for being scattered, I will set this forth also. Evil men being with one another consider and increase evils, just as good men being with good men reflect on good things. [and] The evil counsel, which would have been strong with like-minded people, is therefore dissolved and divided, when the wicked are scattered from one another. For this reason God ordains that the worthless not be with one another, perhaps also taking thought for them, so that their wickedness might not increase together, but might be diminished by being dissolved. These things are because of "I will scatter them, a man and his brother, and their fathers and their sons, together, says the Lord." "I will not long for, and I will not spare, and I will not have compassion on their destruction." 12.5 Those from the heresies come upon such sayings, saying: Do you see what the creator is like? The God of the prophets who says: "I will not spare, and I will not have compassion on their destruction"? How can this one be good? But if I take as an example a magistrate who does not have compassion for the common good and a judge who rightly does not show pity, I will be able to persuade from the example
ὑπεροχὴν ὀνόματος ἔχειν τιμιωτέρου παρὰ τὸν λαόν, φείδεται αὐτοῦ ὁ θεὸς ὥστε αὐτὸν μὴ κολασθῆναι ἁμαρτήσαντα. τὰ δὲ περὶ ἐκείνων ἀναγεγραμμένα, φησὶν ὁ ἀπόστολος, ἐγράφη δι' ἡμᾶς, «εἰς οὓς τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων κατήντησεν». εἴ τις οὖν καὶ ἐν τούτοις τοῖς ἱερεῦσι (δείκνυμι δὲ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἡμᾶς) ἢ ἐν τούτοις τοῖς περιεστηκόσι τὸν λαὸν λευΐταις (λέγω δὲ τοὺς διακόνους) ἁμαρτάνει, ἕξει ταύτην τὴν κόλασιν· ὡς πάλιν εὐλογίαι τινές εἰσιν ἱερατικαί, περὶ ὧν θεοῦ διδόντος οὐ μακράν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν ἐξέτασιν τοῦ λόγου τοῦ προφητικοῦ εἰσόμεθα ἀναγινωσκομένων τῶν Ἀριθμῶν· περὶ γὰρ ἱερέων ἐκεῖ τινα μέλλει λέγεσθαι. «Καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς» οὖν «καὶ τοὺς προφήτας καὶ τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἱερουσαλήμ» φησιν ὁ θεὸς πληρώσειν «μεθύσματος» καὶ διασκορπιεῖν «αὐτοὺς ἄνδρα καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς πατέρας αὐτῶν <καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν>«. καὶ ταῦτα δὲ οὕτω νοήσωμεν· τοὺς μὲν δικαίους συνάγει ὁ θεός, τοὺς δὲ ἁμαρτωλοὺς διασκορπίζει. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡνίκα μὲν οὐκ ἐκινοῦντο ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, οὐκ ἐσκόρπισεν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεός· ὅτε δὲ ἐκίνησαν «ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν» καὶ «εἶπεν ἄνθρωπος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ· δεῦτε καὶ οἰκοδομήσωμεν ἑαυτοῖς πόλιν καὶ πύργον, οὗ ἔσται ἡ κεφαλὴ ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ», φησὶν ὁ θεὸς περὶ τούτων· «δεῦτε καὶ καταβάντες συγχέωμεν αὐτῶν ἐκεῖ τὴν γλῶσσαν», καὶ συγχεῖται ἕκαστος καὶ ἐπί τινα τῆς γῆς τόπον διασκορπίζεται. καὶ ὁ λαὸς δὲ ὁ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ μὴ ἁμαρτάνων μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἦν, ἁμαρτήσας δὲ διασκορπίζεται ἔπειτα † ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ διασπείρεται πανταχοῦ. Τοιοῦτόν τί μοι νόει καὶ περὶ πάντων ἡμῶν. ἔστι τις «ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς, ὅπου Σιὼν ὄρος καὶ πόλις θεοῦ ζῶντος Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος». οἱ μακάριοι ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται, ἵνα ὁμοῦ ὦσιν. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ κολάζονται τῷ μὴ εἶναι μετ' ἀλλήλων οἱ ἁμαρτωλοί. οἶδά τινας ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ ὑπὲρ κολάσεως βουλομένους νήσῳ τινὶ παραδοῦναι καὶ ὑπὲρ βα σάνου τοὺς οἰκείους τινὸς τῶν λυπησάντων τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ διασκορπίζοντας, ἐνταῦθα μὲν τὴν γυναῖκα, ἐνταῦθα δὲ τὸν ἕνα υἱόν, εἶτα ἀλλαχοῦ τὸν ἕτερον, ἵνα μηδὲ ἐν τῇ συμφορᾷ ἀπολαύσωσιν ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ υἱοῦ, ἢ ὁ ἀδελφὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ. τοιοῦτόν τι νόει καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων. πικροτέρου τινὸς γεύσασθαί σε δεῖ τὸν ἁμαρτωλὸν διοικονομούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα παιδευθεὶς σωθῇς. ὥσπερ δὲ οὐχὶ βασανίσαι ἁπλῶς θέλων τὸν κολαζόμενον ὑπὸ σοῦ οἰκέτην ἢ υἱὸν κολάζεις, ἀλλ' ἵνα τοῖς πόνοις αὐτὸν ἐπιστρέψῃς, οὕτως καὶ ὁ θεὸς τοὺς μὴ ἐπιστρέφοντας τῷ λόγῳ, τοὺς μὴ θεραπευθέντας, παιδεύσει τοῖς ἀπὸ παθημάτων πόνοις. ἐπὶ παιδείᾳ περιβάλλει ἃ περιβάλλει κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον· «διὰ παντὸς πόνῳ καὶ μάστιγι παιδευθήσῃ Ἱερουσαλήμ». ἵν' οὖν αὐξήσῃ ὁ παιδεύων πόνος, δια σκορπίζονται οἱ πονοῦντες ἀπ' ἀλλήλων ὡς μὴ εἶναι ἅμα τόνδε καὶ τόνδε. ἐλύετο γὰρ ἂν τὸ σφοδρὸν τοῦ πόνου διὰ τῆς παραμυθίας ἑνὸς ἑκάστου πρὸς τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑτέρου. 12.4 Εἰ δὲ δεῖ προσθεῖναι τῷ λόγῳ καὶ ἄλλην αἰτίαν τοῦ δια σκορπίζεσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο παραθήσομαι. κακοὶ συνόντες ἀλλήλοις τὰ κακὰ σκοποῦσι καὶ αὔξουσιν, ὥσπερ ἀγαθοὶ συνόντες ἀγαθοῖς περὶ ἀγαθῶν σκέπτονται. [καὶ] καταλύεται οὖν καὶ διαιρεῖται ἡ κακὴ βουλή, ἰσχύσασα ἂν μετὰ τῶν ὁμοίων, ὅτε διασκορπίζονται <ἀπ'> ἀλλήλων οἱ μοχθηροί. διὰ τοῦτο οἰκονομεῖ ὁ θεὸς μὴ εἶναι μετ' ἀλλήλων τοὺς φαύλους, τάχα καὶ αὐτῶν προνοῶν, ἵνα μὴ συναυξήσῃ αὐτῶν ἡ κακία, ἀλλὰ μειωθῇ διαλυομένη. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ «σκορπιῶ αὐτοὺς ἄνδρα καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς πατέρας αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό, λέγει κύριος». «Οὐκ ἐπιποθήσω καὶ οὐ φείσομαι καὶ οὐκ οἰκτειρήσω ἀπὸ διαφθορᾶς αὐτῶν». 12.5 τοῖς τοιούτοις ῥητοῖς ἐπιβαίνουσιν οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν αἱρέσεων λέγοντες· ὁρᾷς τὸν δημιουργὸν οἷός ἐστι; τὸν τῶν προφητῶν θεὸν ὅς φησιν· «οὐ φείσομαι καὶ οὐκ οἰκτειρήσω ἀπὸ διαφθορᾶς αὐτῶν»; πῶς δύναται οὗτος εἶναι ἀγαθός; ἐὰν δὲ λάβω παρά δειγμα τὸν ἐπὶ καλῷ τῷ κοινῷ οὐκ οἰκτειροῦντα δικαστὴν καὶ καλῶς οὐκ ἐλεοῦντα κριτήν, δυνήσομαι ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδείγματος πεῖσαι