bordering on the Lycaonians and the Taurus, Cappadocia Minor now, as we said, being called by the name of a theme. It was ruled by kings until Augustus Caesar. It was under Persian authority, before the Roman empire grew. It also became autonomous, when Ariarathes its king ruled, from whom the salt-producing lake, which those speaking barbarously now call Karateia, was named Ariaratheia. After Ariarathes, Archelaus, the kinsman by marriage of Herod the king of Judea, ruled it. After him, the monarchy having ceased, its form changed to a province by the Romans, and a proconsul both taxed and administered it. There are four notable cities in the first province: Caesarea the metropolis, named after the great Caesar Julius, which was formerly called Mazaca, after Mosoch the progenitor of the Cappadocians; the second city Nyssa; the third Therma, the fourth Regepodantos. And of Cappadocia Secunda there are eight cities under a governor: Tyana, Faustinopolis, Cybistra, Nazianzus, Sasima, Parnassus, Regedora, Mocissus and the fortress called Coron. And of Cappadocia Tertia, which is now called Armeniakon, there are seven cities: Amaseia, Ibora, Zalichus, Andrapa, Aminsos, Neocaesarea, Sinope. The race of the Cappadocians is notorious among all for its bad character, so that such a proverb about them has been produced: "three kappas are worst: Cappadocia, Crete, Cilicia." And in epigrams: Cappadocians are always base; but having obtained a belt, they are baser; for the sake of gain, they are the basest; but if they should twice and thrice seize a great chariot, then indeed they become the most supremely base. And another: A wicked viper once bit a Cappadocian; but it died itself, having tasted the poisonous blood. But from this land, so slandered, sprang men, or rather, to say it better, arose like many-lighted stars, famous for wisdom, zealous for the Christian faith, Gregory the Wonderworker the bishop of Neocaesarea, and Phaedimus of Amaseia and Basil the celebrated who was martyred under Licinius for the Christian faith and Basiliscus the archbishop of Comana who was also perfected by martyrdom, with whom the relic of John Chrysostom was deposited, and Basil the Great the bishop of Caesarea; and Gregory the Theologian, who obtained the bishopric of Nazianzus, now deposited in the church of the Apostles with the patriarchs of this city by the pious and Christ-loving emperor Constantine, and the brothers of the great Basil, Peter and Gregory and Naucratius, and Caesarius the brother of Gregory the Theologian. And these are the things of Cappadocia in summary. asia.3 ˉˉΓˉ. Third Theme of the Thrakesians What is now called the Thrakesion theme was long ago and in the beginning called Asia Minor, and the proconsul ruling it was called the Asiarch. And not to mention those outside, the witness of the truth himself, Luke the evangelist and apostle, says the same thing in the Acts of the Apostles, mentioning Alexander who was then the chief man of the Ephesians, calling him an Asiarch. But they were called Thrakesians for such a reason: in the days of Alyattes the king of the Lydians, a certain man with his wife and his own children, coming from Mysia, the land of the Thracians, -which Homer also mentions, saying thus: 'of the close-fighting Mysians and the noble Hippemolgi'- crossed over to the parts of Asia into the land called Lydia and settled near the city of Sardis. So while the king was sitting by the wall of the city, the wife of the Thracian passed by, carrying a pitcher on her head, and on her hands a distaff and spindle, and behind her a horse was tied to her belt; and on her head the pitcher was full of water, and with her hands she worked, spinning the spindle from the distaff, and behind her the horse followed at her belt, having been watered from the spring. The king, seeing this

ὁμοροῦν τοῖς Λυκάοσι καὶ τῷ Ταύρῳ, Καππαδοκία μικρὰ νῦν, ὡς ἔφαμεν, εἰς θέματος ὄνομα χρηματίζουσα. Ἐβασιλεύετο δὲ μέχρις Αὐγούστου Καίσαρος. Ἦν δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν Περσικὴν ἐξουσίαν, πρὶν ἢ τὸ Ῥώμης αὐξηθῆναι βασίλειον. Ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ αὐτόνομος, ὅτε Ἀριαράθης ἦρχεν αὐτῆς ὁ βασιλεύς, ἐξ οὗ ἡ λίμνη ἡ τὸ ἅλας τίκτουσα, ἣν ἀρτίως βαρβαρίζοντες Καράτειαν καλοῦσιν, Ἀριαράθεια ἐπωνόμαστο. Μετὰ δὲ Ἀριαράθην βασιλεύει αὐτῆς Ἀρχέλαος ὁ κηδεστὴς Ἡρώδου τοῦ βασιλέως τῆς Ἰουδαίας. Μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον παυσαμένης τῆς βασιλείας, εἰς ἐπαρχίαν παρὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων τὸ σχῆμα μετέβαλε, καὶ ἀνθύπατος ταύτην ἐδασμολόγει τε καὶ διέταττεν. Εἰσὶ δὲ πόλεις ἐπίσημοι κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ἐπαρχίαν τέσσαρες· Καισάρεια μητρόπολις, ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ μεγάλου Καίσαρος Ἰουλίου ὠνομασμένη, ἥτις πρότερον ἐκαλεῖτο Μάζακα, ἀπὸ Μουσὼχ τοῦ τῶν Καππαδοκῶν ἀρχεγόνου· δευτέρα πόλις Νύσσα· τρίτη τὰ Θέρμα, τετάρτη Ῥεγεποδαντός. Τῆς δὲ δευτέρας Καππαδοκίας εἰσὶ πόλεις ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνα ὀκτώ· Τύανα, Φαυστινούπολις, Κύβιστρα, Ναζιανζός, Σάσιμα, Παρνασός, Ῥεγέδωρα, Μωκισσὸς καὶ φρούριον τὸ καλούμενον Κόρον. Τῆς δὲ τρίτης Καππαδοκίας, ἣ νῦν ὀνομάζεται Ἀρμενιακός, εἰσὶ πόλεις ἑπτά· Ἀμάσεια, Ἴβωρα, Ζάλιχος, Ἄνδραπα, Ἀμινσός Νεοκαισάρεια, Σινώπη. ∆ισβεβόηται δὲ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἐπὶ κακοτροπίᾳ τὸ τῶν Καππαδοκῶν γένος, ὡς καὶ παροιμίαν περὶ αὐτῶν ἐξενεχθῆναι τοιαύτην· "τρία κάππα κάκιστα· Καππαδοκία Κρήτη Κιλικία". Καὶ ἐν ἐπιγράμμασι· Καππαδόκαι φαῦλοι μὲν ἀεί· ζώνης δὲ τυχόντες, φαυλότεροι· κέρδους δ' εἵνεκα φαυλότατοι· ἢν δ' ἄρα δὶς καὶ τρὶς μεγάλης δράξωνται ἀπήνης, δὴ τότε γίνονται φαυλεπιφαυλότατοι. Καὶ ἄλλως· Καππαδόκην ποτ' ἔχιδνα κακὴ δάκεν· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴ κάτθανε γευσαμένη αἵματος ἰοβόλου. Ἐκ δὲ ταύτης τὰ τοιαῦτα βλασφημουμένης ἐβλάστησαν ἄνδρες, μᾶλλον δὲ εἰπεῖν, ἐξανέτειλαν ὥσπερ ἀστέρες πολύφωτοι, ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ διαβόητοι, ζηλωταὶ τῆς Χριστιανῶν πίστεως, Γρηγόριος ὁ Θαυματουργὸς ὁ Νεοκαισαρείας ἐπίσκοπος, Φαίδιμός τε ὁ Ἀμασείας καὶ Βασιλεὺς ὁ ἀοίδιμος ὁ ἐπὶ Λικινίου μαρτυρήσας ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν Χριστιανῶν πίστεως καὶ ὁ Βασιλίσκος ὁ Κομάνων ἀρχιεπίσκοπος ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς μαρτυρίῳ ἐτελειώθη, μεθ' οὗ κατετέθη τὸ λείψανον Ἰωάννου τοῦ Χρυσοστόμου, Βασίλειός τε ὁ μέγας ὁ Καισαρείας ἐπίσκοπος· καὶ ὁ Θεολόγος Γρηγόριος, ὁ Ναζιανζοῦ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν κληρωσάμενος, νυνὶ ἐν τῷ τῶν Ἀποστόλων ναῷ κατατεθεὶς μετὰ τῶν πατριαρχῶν ταύτης τῆς πόλεως ὑπὸ τοῦ εὐσεβοῦς καὶ φιλοχρίστου βασιλέως Κωνσταντίνου, οἵ τε ἀδελφοὶ τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου, Πέτρος τε καὶ Γρηγόριος καὶ Ναυκράτιος, Καισάριός τε ὁ ἀδελφὸς Γρηγορίου τοῦ Θεολόγου. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν τὰ τῆς Καππαδοκίας ὡς ἐν ἐπιτομῇ. ασια.3 ˉˉΓˉ. Τρίτον θέμα τῶν Θρᾳκησίων Τὸ δὲ νῦν καλούμενον Θρᾳκησίων θέμα πάλαι μὲν καὶ κατ' ἀρχὰς Ἀσία μικρὰ ὠνομάζετο, καὶ ὁ ταύτης κρατῶν ἀνθύπατος Ἀσιάρχης ἐλέγετο. Καὶ ἵνα μὴ λέγω τοὺς ἔξωθεν, αὐτὸς ὁ μάρτυς τῆς ἀληθείας Λουκᾶς ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς καὶ ἀπόστολος ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν Ἀποστόλων τὸ αὐτὸ λέγει, μεμνημένος Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ τότε πρωτεύοντος τῶν Ἐφεσίων, Ἀσιάρχην αὐτὸν ἀποκαλῶν. Θρᾳκήσιοι δὲ ἐπεκλήθησαν ἀπὸ τοιαύτης αἰτίας· ἐπὶ τῶν ἡμερῶν Ἀλυάττου τοῦ τῶν Λυδῶν βασιλέως, ἀνήρ τις μετὰ γυναικὸς καὶ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ τέκνων ἐκ Μυσίας τῆς τῶν Θρᾳκῶν χώρας ὁρμώμενος, -ἧς καὶ Ὅμηρος μνημονεύει λέγων οὕτως· Μυσῶν τ' ἀγχεμάχων καὶ ἀγαυῶν Ἱππημολγῶν- διεπέρασεν εἰς τὰ μέρη τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς χώραν τὴν λεγομένην Λυδίαν καὶ κατῴκησε πλησίον τῆς πόλεως Σάρδεων. Τοῦ οὖν βασιλέως πρὸς τὸ τῆς πόλεως τεῖχος καθεζομένου, διήρχετο ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ Θρᾳκὸς ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς κεφαλῆς βαστάζουσα στάμνον, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν χειρῶν ἠλακάτην καὶ ἄτρακτον, ὄπισθεν δὲ πρὸς τὴν ζώνην ἵππος τις προσεδέδετο· καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς κορυφῆς ὁ στάμνος ἦν μεστὸς ὕδατος, ἐν δὲ ταῖς χερσὶν εἰργάζετο νήθουσα ἐκ τῆς ἠλακάτης τὸν ἄτρακτον, ὄπισθεν δὲ πρὸς τὴν ζώνην ἠκολούθει ὁ ἵππος ἀπὸ τῆς πηγῆς πεποτισμένος. Ταύτην ἰδὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς