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being born. And there are some things that somehow depart from themselves, being transferred and transformed from some living things into others, by the ambition of nature. And indeed of the same thing, one part is not an offspring, and the other is an offspring, but they are of the same substance; which is also somewhat more like the present case. But having mentioned one of our own examples, which is familiar to all, I will move on to another argument.

11 What was Adam? A creature of God. And what was Eve? A piece of the creature. And what was Seth? The offspring of both. Do a creature, and a piece, and an offspring seem the same to you? Of course not. But are these of the same substance, or what? Of course they are. It is agreed, therefore, that even things which have subsisted differently can be of the same substance. I say these things, not applying the creation, or the cutting, or anything that pertains to the body to the Godhead—lest one of the quibblers attack me again—but observing upon these things, as on a stage, the things that are understood. For it is not possible for any of the likenesses to attain purely to the whole truth. And what of these things, they say? For of the one, one is not an offspring, and the other something else. What then? Are not Eve and Seth of the same Adam? For of whom else? Or are both also offspring? By no means. But what? The one is a piece, the other an offspring. And yet both are the same as each other; for they are human; no one will deny it. Will you not then cease from fighting against the Spirit, saying that it is either an offspring in every way, or not of the same substance, nor God, and take from human examples the possibility of our conception? For my part, I think it would be well for you, unless you have decided to be too contentious, and to fight against what is plain.

12 But who has worshipped the Spirit, he says? Who of the ancients, or of the moderns? And who has prayed to it? Where is it written that one must worship or pray to it? And from where have you taken this? We will give the more complete reason later, when we discuss what is unwritten. But for now it will suffice to say this much: the Spirit is that in which we worship, and through which we pray. For God is Spirit, he says, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and in truth. And again: For we do not know what to pray for as we ought, but the Spirit itself intercedes for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. And, I will pray with the spirit, and I will pray with the mind also, that is, in mind and spirit. Therefore to worship or pray to the Spirit seems to me to be nothing other than for it to offer the prayer and the worship to itself. Which of the inspired would not praise this, and of those who know well that the worship of the one is the worship of the three, because of the equal honor of dignity and of Godhead in the three? And yet I will not be afraid of that which is said, that all things were made through the Son, as if the Holy Spirit were one of all things. For all things that were made, it is said, not simply all things; for neither the Father, nor those things which have not been made. Show, then, that it was made, and then give it to the Son, and number it with the creatures. But as long as you do not show this, the comprehensive statement helps in no way toward impiety. For if it was made, it was surely through Christ; I myself will not deny it. But if it was not made, how is it either one of all things, or through Christ? Cease then from dishonoring the Father against the Only-begotten—for it is a dishonor to make a creature deprive the Son of what is more honorable—and the Son against the Spirit. For he is not the creator of a fellow-servant, but is glorified together with one of equal honor. Put nothing of yourself with the Trinity, lest you fall from the Trinity. Cut short for no one the one nature and equally venerable, as whatever of the three you take away, you will have taken away the whole, or rather, you will have fallen from the whole. It is better to have a small conception of the union than to dare a complete impiety.

13 But our discourse has come to the main point itself; and I groan, indeed, that a question long dead, and which had yielded to faith, is now renewed; but it is nevertheless necessary to stand against the babblers, and not be condemned by default, having an argument, and advocating for the Spirit. If God, they say, and God, and God, how are there not three Gods? Or

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τικτόμενον. ἔστι δὲ ἃ καὶ ἐξίσταταί πως ἑαυτῶν, ἐξ ἄλλων ζώων εἰς ἄλλα μεθιστάμενά τε καὶ μεταποιούμενα, φιλοτιμίᾳ φύσεως. ἤδη δὲ καὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ, τὸ μὲν οὐ γέννημα, τὸ δὲ γέννημα, πλὴν ὁμοούσια· ὃ καὶ τῷ παρόντι πως μᾶλλον προσέοικεν. ἓν δέ τι τῶν ἡμετέρων εἰπών, ὃ καὶ πᾶσι γνώριμον, ἐφ' ἕτερον μεταβήσομαι λόγον.

11 Ὁ Ἀδὰμ τί ποτε ἦν; πλάσμα θεοῦ. τί δὲ ἡ Εὖα; τμῆμα τοῦ πλάσματος. τί δὲ ὁ Σήθ; ἀμφοτέρων γέννημα. ἆρ' οὖν ταὐτόν σοι φαίνεται πλάσμα, καὶ τμῆμα, καὶ γέννημα; πῶς οὔ; ὁμοούσια δὲ ταῦτα, ἢ τί; πῶς δ' οὔ; ὡμολόγηται οὖν καὶ τὰ διαφόρως ὑποστάντα τῆς αὐτῆς εἶναι οὐσίας ἐνδέχεσθαι. λέγω δὲ ταῦτα, οὐκ ἐπὶ τὴν θεότητα φέρων τὴν πλάσιν, ἢ τὴν τομήν, ἤ τι τῶν ὅσα σώματος, μή μοί τις ἐπιφυέσθω πάλιν τῶν λογομάχων, ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων θεωρῶν, ὡς ἐπὶ σκηνῆς, τὰ νοούμενα. οὐδὲ γὰρ οἷόν τε τῶν εἰκαζομένων οὐδὲν πρὸς πᾶσαν ἐξικνεῖσθαι καθαρῶς τὴν ἀλήθειαν. καὶ τί ταῦτά, φασιν; οὐ γὰρ τοῦ ἑνὸς τὸ μὲν γέννημα, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο τι. τί οὖν; ἡ Εὖα καὶ ὁ Σήθ, οὐχὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἀδάμ; τίνος γὰρ ἄλλου; ἢ καὶ ἀμφότεροι γεννήματα; οὐδαμῶς. ἀλλὰ τί; τὸ μὲν τμῆμα, τὸ δὲ γέννημα. καὶ μὴν ἀμφότεροι ταὐτὸν ἀλλήλοις· ἄνθρωποι γάρ· οὐδεὶς ἀντερεῖ. παύσῃ οὖν ἀπομαχόμενος πρὸς τὸ πνεῦμα, ὡς ἢ γέννημα πάντως, ἢ μὴ ὁμοούσιον, μηδὲ θεόν, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων τὸ δυνατὸν λαβὼν τῆς ἡμετέρας ὑπολήψεως; ἐγὼ μὲν οἶμαί σοι καλῶς ἔχειν, εἰ μὴ λίαν ἔγνωκας φιλονεικεῖν, καὶ πρὸς τὰ δῆλα μάχεσθαι.

12 Ἀλλὰ τίς προσεκύνησε τῷ πνεύματί, φησιν; τίς ἢ τῶν παλαιῶν, ἢ τῶν νέων; τίς δὲ προσηύξατο; ποῦ δαὶ τὸ χρῆναι προσκυνεῖν ἢ προσεύχεσθαι γέγραπται; καὶ πόθεν τοῦτο λαβὼν ἔχεις; τὴν μὲν τελεωτέραν αἰτίαν ἀποδώσομεν ὕστερον, ἡνίκα ἂν περὶ τοῦ ἀγράφου διαλεγώμεθα. νῦν δὲ τοσοῦτον εἰπεῖν ἐξαρκέσει· τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν, ἐν ᾧ προσκυνοῦμεν, καὶ δι' οὗ προσευχόμεθα. Πνεῦμα γάρ, φησιν, ὁ θεός, καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτὸν ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν. καὶ πάλιν· Τὸ γὰρ τί προσευξόμεθα, καθ' ὃ δεῖ, οὐκ οἴδαμεν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις. καί, Προσεύξομαι τῷ πνεύματι, προσεύξομαι δὲ καὶ τῷ νοί, τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐν νοὶ καὶ πνεύματι. τὸ οὖν προσκυνεῖν τῷ πνεύματι, ἢ προσεύχεσθαι, οὐδὲν ἄλλο εἶναί μοι φαίνεται, ἢ αὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ τὴν εὐχὴν προσάγειν καὶ τὴν προσκύνησιν. ὃ τίς οὐκ ἂν ἐπαινέσειε τῶν ἐνθέων, καὶ τῶν εὖ εἰδότων ὅτι καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἑνὸς προσκύνησις τῶν τριῶν ἐστὶ προσκύνησις, διὰ τὸ ἐν τοῖς τρισὶν ὁμότιμον τῆς ἀξίας καὶ τῆς θεότητος; καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνο φοβη θήσομαι τὸ πάντα διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ γεγονέναι λέγεσθαι, ὡς ἑνὸς τῶν πάντων ὄντος καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. πάντα γὰρ ὅσα γέγονεν, εἴρηται, οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἅπαντα· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ πατήρ, οὐδ' ὅσα μὴ γέ γονεν. δεῖξον οὖν, ὅτι γέγονε, καὶ τότε τῷ υἱῷ δός, καὶ τοῖς κτίσ μασι συναρίθμησον. ἕως δ' ἂν μὴ τοῦτο δεικνύῃς, οὐδὲν τῷ περι ληπτικῷ βοηθῇ πρὸς ἀσέβειαν. εἰ μὲν γὰρ γέγονε, διὰ Χριστοῦ πάντως· οὐδὲ αὐτὸς ἀρνήσομαι. εἰ δὲ οὐ γέγονε, πῶς ἢ τῶν πάντων ἕν, ἢ διὰ Χριστοῦ; παῦσαι οὖν καὶ τὸν πατέρα κακῶς τιμῶν κατὰ τοῦ μονογενοῦς, -κακὴ δὲ τιμὴ κτίσμα διδόντα τὸ τιμιώτερον ἀποστερεῖν υἱόν, -καὶ τὸν υἱὸν κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος. οὐ γὰρ ὁμοδούλου δημιουργός, ἀλλ' ὁμοτίμῳ συνδοξαζόμενος. μηδὲν μετὰ σεαυτοῦ θῇς τῆς τριάδος, μὴ τῆς τριάδος ἐκπέσῃς. μηδενὶ περικόψῃς τὴν μίαν φύσιν καὶ ὁμοίως σεβάσμιον, ὡς ὅ τι ἂν τῶν τριῶν καθέλῃς, τὸ πᾶν ἔσῃ καθῃρηκώς, μᾶλλον δὲ τοῦ παντὸς ἐκπεπτωκώς. βέλτιον μικρὰν τῆς ἑνώσεως φαντασίαν λαβεῖν, ἢ παντελῆ τολμῆσαι δυσ σέβειαν.

13 Ἥκει δὲ ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος ἐπ' αὐτὸ τὸ κεφάλαιον· καὶ στένω μέν, ὅτι πάλαι τεθνηκὸς ζήτημα, καὶ τῇ πίστει παραχωρῆσαν, νῦν ἀνα καινίζεται· στῆναι δὲ ὅμως ἀναγκαῖον πρὸς τοὺς λογολέσχας, καὶ μὴ ἐρήμην ἁλῶναι, λόγον ἔχοντας, καὶ συνηγοροῦντας πνεύματι. εἰ θεός, φασι, καὶ θεός, καὶ θεός, πῶς οὐχὶ τρεῖς θεοί; ἢ