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he becomes an exile from God on account of his wickedness, and is clothed in garments of skin, perhaps the grosser flesh, and mortal, and resistant; and this first he knows, his own shame, and hides himself from God. He gains something even in this, death, and the cutting off of sin, so that evil might not be immortal. And the punishment becomes an act of love for humanity. For thus I am persuaded God punishes.

9. But having been educated previously by many things for his many sins, which the root of wickedness had sprouted, according to various causes and times, by word, by law, by prophets, by benefits, by threats, by plagues, by waters, by fires, by wars, by victories, by defeats, by signs from heaven, signs from the air, from the earth, from the sea, of men, of cities, of nations, by unexpected changes, by which the object was that wickedness should be worn away; finally, he needs a stronger medicine for more terrible sicknesses, murders, adulteries, perjuries, unnatural lusts, and that which is the last and first of all evils, idolatry, and the transference of worship from the Creator to created things. These things, since they required a greater aid, also obtain a greater one. And this was the very Word of God, the pre-eternal, the invisible, the incomprehensible, the incorporeal, the beginning from the beginning, the light from the light, the source of life and immortality, the impression of the archetype, the immovable seal, the unchangeable image, the definition and word of the Father, comes to His own image, and wears flesh for the sake of flesh, and is mingled with a rational soul for the sake of my soul, purifying like by like. And in all things He becomes man, except for sin; conceived of the Virgin, whose soul and body were pre-purified by the Spirit (for it was necessary both that child-bearing be honored, and virginity be preferred), and coming forth God with that which He had assumed, one from two contraries, flesh and spirit, of which the one deified, and the other was deified. O the new mixture! O the paradoxical mingling! He who is, becomes; and the 36.636 uncreated is created; and the uncontainable is contained, through the medium of a rational soul, mediating between divinity and the grossness of flesh; and He who makes rich, becomes poor; for He becomes poor in my flesh, that I might be rich in His divinity. And He who is full, is emptied; for He is emptied of His own glory for a little while, that I might partake of His fullness. What is the wealth of goodness? What is this mystery concerning me? I partook of the image, and I did not guard it; He partakes of my flesh, that He might both save the image, and make the flesh immortal. He enters into a second communion, much more paradoxical than the first; inasmuch as then He imparted of the better, but now He partakes of the worse. This is more godlike than the former; this is loftier for those who have understanding.

10. But what are these things to us, perhaps one of those who are excessively fond of feasts and more ardent might say? Goad the colt around the turning-post; philosophize to us about the things of the feast, and those things for which we have assembled today. This indeed I will also do, even if I began a little from on high, my discourse and desire compelling me thus. But perhaps it would not be a bad thing for those who love learning and beauty to discuss briefly the name of Pascha itself. For this would not be a trivial interlude for your ears. This Pascha, the great and revered, is called Phaska by the Hebrews, according to their language; and the word means the passing over; historically, on account of the flight and migration from Egypt to the land of Canaan; but spiritually, on account of the progress and ascent from things below to things above, and to the land of promise. But what we have found happening in many places of Scripture, that some of the names are changed from the more obscure to the clearer, or from the more rustic to the more elegant, this we have also observed here. For some, thinking this to be the name of the saving passion, then Hellenizing the word, according to the [change] of phi to pi, and of kappa to chi

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τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν κακίαν ἐξόριστος γίνεται, καὶ τοὺς δερμα τίνους ἀμφιέννυται χιτῶνας, ἴσως τὴν παχυτέραν σάρκα, καὶ θνητὴν, καὶ ἀντίτυπον· καὶ τοῦτο πρῶ τον γινώσκει τὴν ἰδίαν αἰσχύνην, καὶ ἀπὸ Θεοῦ κρύ πτεται. Κερδαίνει μέν τι κἀνταῦθα, τὸν θάνατον, καὶ τὸ διακοπῆναι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀθάνατον ᾖ τὸ κακόν. Καὶ γίνεται φιλανθρωπία, ἡ τιμωρία. Οὕτω γὰρ πείθομαι κολάζειν Θεόν.

Θʹ. Πολλοῖς δὲ παιδευθεὶς πρότερον ἀντὶ πολλῶν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ὧν ἡ τῆς κακίας ῥίζα ἐβλάστησε, κατὰ διαφόρους αἰτίας καὶ χρόνους, λόγῳ, νόμῳ, προφήταις, εὐεργεσίαις, ἀπειλαῖς, πληγαῖς, ὕδασιν, ἐμπρησμοῖς, πολέμοις, νίκαις, ἥτταις, σημείοις ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, σημείοις ἐξ ἀέρος, ἐκ γῆς, ἐκ θαλάττης, ἀνδρῶν, πόλεων, ἐθνῶν, ἀνελπίστοις μεταβολαῖς, ὑφ' ὧν ἐκτριβῆναι τὴν κακίαν τὸ σπουδαζόμενον ἦν· τέλος, ἰσχυροτέρου δεῖται φαρμάκου ἐπὶ δεινοτέροις τοῖς ἀῤῥωστήμασιν, ἀλληλοφονίαις, μοιχείαις, ἐπιορ κίαις, ἀνδρομανίαις, τὸ πάντων ἔσχατον τῶν κα κῶν καὶ πρῶτον, εἰδωλολατρίαις, καὶ τῇ μετα θέσει τῆς προσκυνήσεως ἀπὸ τοῦ πεποιηκότος ἐπὶ τὰ κτίσματα. Ταῦτα, ἐπειδὴ μείζονος ἐδεῖτο τοῦ βοηθήματος, μείζονος καὶ τυγχάνει. Τὸ δὲ ἦν, αὐτὸς ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος, ὁ προαιώνιος, ὁ ἀόρατος, ὁ ἀπερίληπτος, ὁ ἀσώματος, ἡ ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀρχὴ, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ φωτὸς φῶς, ἡ πηγὴ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τῆς ἀθανασίας, τὸ ἐκμαγεῖον τοῦ ἀρχετύπου, ἡ μὴ κινουμένη σφραγὶς, ἡ ἀπαράλλακτος εἰκὼν, ὁ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὅρος καὶ λόγος, ἐπὶ τὴν ἰδίαν εἰκόνα χωρεῖ, καὶ σάρκα φορεῖ διὰ τὴν σάρκα, καὶ ψυχῇ νοερᾷ διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ψυχὴν μίγνυται, τῷ ὁμοίῳ τὸ ὅμοιον ἀνακαθαίρων. καὶ πάντα γίνεται, πλὴν τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἄνθρωπος· κυηθεὶς μὲν ἐκ τῆς Παρθένου, καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σάρκα προκαθαρθείσης τῷ Πνεύματι (ἔδει γὰρ, καὶ γέννησιν τιμηθῆναι, καὶ παρθενίαν προτιμηθῆ ναι), προελθὼν δὲ Θεὸς μετὰ τῆς προσλήψεως, ἓν ἐκ δύο τῶν ἐναντίων, σαρκὸς καὶ πνεύματος, ὧν τὸ μὲν ἐθέωσε, τὸ δὲ ἐθεώθη. Ὢ τῆς καινῆς μίξεως! Ὢ τῆς παραδόξου κράσεως! Ὁ ὢν, γίνεται· καὶ ὁ 36.636 ἄκτιστος, κτίζεται· καὶ ὁ ἀχώρητος, χωρεῖται, διὰ μέσης ψυχῆς νοερᾶς μεσιτευούσης θεότητι καὶ σαρκὸς παχύτητι· καὶ ὁ πλουτίζων, πτωχεύει· πτωχεύει γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν σάρκα, ἵν' ἐγὼ πλουτήσω τὴν αὐτοῦ θεότητα. Καὶ ὁ πλήρης, κενοῦται· κενοῦται γὰρ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δόξης ἐπὶ μικρὸν, ἵν' ἐγὼ τῆς ἐκείνου μεταλάβω πληρώσεως. Τίς ὁ πλοῦτος τῆς ἀγα θότητος; τί τὸ περὶ ἐμὲ τοῦτο μυστήριον; Μετέλα βον τῆς εἰκόνος, καὶ οὐκ ἐφύλαξα· μεταλαμβάνει τῆς ἐμῆς σαρκὸς, ἵνα καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα σώσῃ, καὶ τὴν σάρ κα ἀθανατίσῃ. ∆ευτέραν κοινωνεῖ κοινωνίαν, πολὺ τῆς προτέρας παραδοξοτέραν· ὅσῳ τότε μὲν τοῦ κρείττονος μετέδωκε, νῦν δὲ μεταλαμβάνει τοῦ χείρονος. Τοῦτο τοῦ προτέρου θεοειδέστερον· τοῦτο τοῖς νοῦν ἔχουσιν ὑψηλότερον.

Ιʹ. Ἀλλὰ τί τούτων ἡμῖν, τάχα ἂν εἴποι τις τῶν λίαν φιλεόρτων καὶ θερμοτέρων; Κέντει τὸν πῶλον περὶ τὴν νύσσαν· τὰ τῆς ἑορτῆς ἡμῖν φιλο σόφει, καὶ οἷς προκαθεζόμεθα σήμερον. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ποιήσω, καὶ εἰ μικρὸν ἄνωθεν ἠρξάμην, οὕτω τοῦ λόγου καὶ τοῦ πόθου βιασαμένων. Οὐ χεῖρον δὲ ἴσως τοῖς φιλομαθέσι καὶ φιλοκάλοις περὶ τῆς προσ ηγορίας αὐτῆς τοῦ Πάσχα βραχέα διαλαβεῖν. Γέ νοιτο γὰρ ἂν οὐ φαῦλον τοῦτο ταῖς ἀκοαῖς ἐπεισόδιον. Τὸ Πάσχα τοῦτο, τὸ μέγα τε καὶ σεβάσμιον, Φάσκα τοῖς Ἑβραίοις προσαγορεύεται, κατὰ τὴν ἐκεί νων φωνήν· δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν διάβασιν· ἱστορικῶς μὲν, διὰ τὴν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου πρὸς τὴν Χαναναίαν φυγὴν καὶ μετανάστασιν· πνευματικῶς δὲ, διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῶν κάτω πρὸς τὰ ἄνω, καὶ τὴν γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας πρόοδον καὶ ἀνάβασιν. Ὅπερ δὲ πολλαχοῦ τῆς Γραφῆς συμβὰν εὕρομεν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀσαφεστέρων μεταποιηθέντα τινὰ τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπὶ τὸ σαφέστερον, ἢ τῶν ἀγροικοτέρων ἐπὶ τὸ εὐσχημονέστερον, τοῦτο κἀνταῦθα τεθεωρήκαμεν. Τοῦ γὰρ σωτηρίου πάθους ὄνομα τοῦτο εἶναί τινες νομίσαντες, εἶτα ἐξελληνίζοντες τὴν φωνὴν, κατὰ τὴν τοῦ φῖ πρὸς τὸ πῖ, καὶ τοῦ κάππα πρὸς τὸ χῖ