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11. Mind, therefore, and sense, thus distinguished from one another, stood within their own boundaries, and bore in themselves the majesty of the creator Word, silent praisers of the magnificence, and piercing heralds. But there was not yet a mixture of both, nor any blend of opposites, a token of greater wisdom, and of magnificence in natures; nor was the whole wealth of goodness yet known. Wishing to display this, the artisan Word creates man, a single living being from both, I mean from invisible and visible nature; and taking the body from matter which already pre-existed, but breathing in from himself the breath (which the word knows is a rational soul and image of God), 36.324 a kind of second world, great in smallness, he establishes on the earth, another angel, a composite worshipper, an overseer of the visible creation, an initiate of the intelligible, king of things on earth, ruled from above, earthly and heavenly, temporal and immortal, visible and intelligible, a mean between greatness and lowliness; the same being, spirit and flesh; spirit because of grace, flesh because of pride; the one, that he might remain and glorify the benefactor; the other, that he might suffer, and by suffering be reminded and disciplined when aspiring to greatness; a living being governed here, and transplanted elsewhere, and as the goal of the mystery, deified by its inclination toward God. For to this end does the moderate light of truth here bear me, to see and to experience the radiance of God, worthy of him who both bound, and will loose, and will bind again more loftily.

12. This one he placed in paradise, whatever this paradise was, having honored him with free will, so that the good might belong to the one who chose it no less than to him who provided the seeds, a cultivator of immortal plants, of divine thoughts perhaps, both the simpler and the more perfect, naked in both simplicity and artless life, and without any covering or defense. For it was fitting that the one from the beginning be such. And he gives a law, as matter for his free will. And the law was a commandment, of which plants he might partake, and of which he should not touch. And this was the tree of knowledge, neither planted badly from the beginning, nor forbidden out of envy (let the God-fighters not send their tongues there, nor imitate the serpent); but good if partaken of at the right time (for the plant was contemplation, as is my theory, which it is safe for only those more perfect in state to approach), but not good for those still simpler and more gluttonous in their desire, just as solid food is not beneficial to those who are still tender and in need of milk. But when, through the envy of the devil and the seduction of the woman, which she both suffered as the more tender, and which she brought forth as the more persuasive (alas for my weakness! for that of my forefather is mine), he forgot the commandment that was given, and was defeated by the bitter taste; at once he is exiled from the tree of life, and from paradise, and from God, because of his wickedness, and he is clothed in garments of skin, perhaps the thicker flesh, both mortal and resistant; and for the first time he knows his own shame, and hides from God. He gains something even here: death, and the cutting off of sin, so that evil might not be immortal; and the punishment becomes an act of love for man. For so I am persuaded that God punishes. 36.325 13. But having been disciplined before by many things, for the many sins which the root of wickedness sprouted for various causes and at various times, by word, law, prophets, benefactions, threats, plagues, floods, conflagrations, wars, victories, defeats, signs from heaven, signs from the air, from earth, from sea, unexpected changes of men, cities, nations, by which the goal was to wear down wickedness. Finally, a stronger medicine is needed for more terrible diseases: mutual murders, adulteries, perjuries, pederasties, and the last and first of all evils, idolatry, and the transfer of worship from the creator to the

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ΙΑʹ. Νοῦς μὲν οὖν ἤδη καὶ αἴσθησις, οὕτως ἀπ' ἀλλήλων διακριθέντα, τῶν ἰδίων ὅρων ἐντὸς εἱστήκεισαν, καὶ τὸ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ Λόγου μεγαλεῖον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἔφερον, σιγῶντες ἐπαινέται τῆς μεγα λουργίας, καὶ διαπρύσιοι κήρυκες. Οὔπω δὲ ἦν κρᾶμα ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων, οὐδέ τις μίξις τῶν ἐναντίων, σοφίας μείζονος γνώρισμα, καὶ τῆς περὶ τὰς φύσεις πολυτελείας· οὐδὲ ὁ πᾶς πλοῦτος τῆς ἀγαθότητος γνώριμος. Τοῦτο δὴ βουληθεὶς ὁ τεχνίτης ἐπιδεί ξασθαι Λόγος, καὶ ζῶον ἓν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων, ἀοράτου τε λέγω καὶ ὁρατῆς φύσεως, δημιουργεῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον· καὶ παρὰ μὲν τῆς ὕλης λαβὼν τὸ σῶμα ἤδη προϋποστάσης, παρ' ἑαυτοῦ δὲ πνοὴν ἐνθεὶς (ὃ δὴ νοερὰν ψυχὴν καὶ εἰκόνα Θεοῦ οἶδεν ὁ λόγος), 36.324 οἷόν τινα κόσμον δεύτερον, ἐν μικρῷ μέγαν, ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἵστησιν, ἄγγελον ἄλλον, προσκυνητὴν μικτὸν, ἐπόπτην τῆς ὁρατῆς κτίσεως, μύστην τῆς νοουμένης, βασιλέα τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς, βασιλευόμενον ἄνωθεν, ἐπί γειον καὶ οὐράνιον, πρόσκαιρον καὶ ἀθάνατον, ὁρατὸν καὶ νοούμενον, μέσον μεγέθους καὶ ταπεινότητος· τὸν αὐτὸν, πνεῦμα καὶ σάρκα· πνεῦμα διὰ τὴν χάριν, σάρκα διὰ τὴν ἔπαρσιν· τὸ μὲν, ἵνα μένῃ καὶ δο ξάζῃ τὸν εὐεργέτην· τὸ δὲ, ἵνα πάσχῃ, καὶ πά σχων ὑπομιμνήσκηται καὶ παιδεύηται τῷ μεγέθει φιλοτιμούμενος· ζῶον ἐνταῦθα οἰκονομούμενον, καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ μεθιστάμενον, καὶ πέρας τοῦ μυστηρίου τῇ πρὸς Θεὸν νεύσει θεούμενον. Εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐμοὶ φέρει τὸ μέτριον ἐνταῦθα φέγγος τῆς ἀληθείας, λαμπρότητα Θεοῦ καὶ ἰδεῖν καὶ παθεῖν, ἀξίαν τοῦ καὶ συνδήσαντος, καὶ λύσοντος, καὶ αὖθις συνδήσον τος ὑψηλότερον.

ΙΒʹ. Τοῦτον ἔθετο μὲν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ, ὅστις ποτὲ ἦν ὁ παράδεισος οὗτος, τῷ αὐτεξουσίῳ τιμήσας, ἵν' ᾖ τοῦ ἑλομένου τὸ ἀγαθὸν οὐχ ἧττον ἢ τοῦ παρασχόντος τὰ σπέρματα, φυτῶν ἀθανάτων γεωργὸν, θείων ἐννοιῶν ἴσως, τῶν τε ἀπλουστέρων καὶ τῶν τελεωτέρων, γυμνὸν καὶ ἁπλότητι καὶ ζωῇ τῇ ἀτέχνῳ, καὶ δίχα παντὸς ἐπικαλύμματος καὶ προβλήματος. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἔπρεπεν εἶναι τὸν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς. Καὶ δί δωσι νόμον, ὕλην τῷ αὐτεξουσίῳ. Ὁ δὲ νόμος ἦν ἐντολὴ, ὧν τε μεταληπτέον αὐτῷ φυτῶν, καὶ οὐ μὴ προσαπτέον. Τὸ δὲ ἦν τὸ ξύλον τῆς γνώσεως, οὔτε φυτευθὲν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς κακῶς, οὔτε ἀπαγορευθὲν φθονε ρῶς (μὴ πεμπέτωσαν ἐκεῖ τὰς γλώσσας οἱ θεομάχοι, μηδὲ τὸν ὄφιν μιπείσθωσαν)· ἀλλὰ καλὸν μὲν εὐκαίρως μεταλαμβανόμενον (θεωρία γὰρ ἦν τὸ φυτὸν, ὡς ἡ ἐμὲ θεωρία, ἧς μόνοις ἐπιβαίνειν ἀσφαλὲς τοῖς τὴν ἕξιν τελεωτέροις), οὐ καλὸν δὲ τοῖς ἁπλουστέροις ἔτι, καὶ τὴν ἔφεσιν λιχνοτέροις, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ τροφὴ τελεία λυσιτελὴς τοῖς ἁπαλοῖς ἔτι καὶ δεομένοις γάλακτος. Ἐπεὶ δὲ φθόνῳ διαβόλου, καὶ γυναικὸς ἐπηρείᾳ, ἥν τε ἔπαθεν ὡς ἁπαλωτέρα, καὶ ἢν προσήγα γεν ὡς πιθανωτέρα (φεῦ τῆς ἐμῆς ἀσθενείας! ἐμὴ γὰρ ἡ τοῦ προπάτορος), τῆς μὲν ἐντολῆς ἐπελάθετο τῆς δοθείσης, καὶ ἡττήθη τῆς πικρᾶς γεύσεως· ὁμοῦ δὲ τοῦ τῆς ζωῆς ξύλου, καὶ τοῦ παραδείσου, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν κακίαν ἐξόριστος γίνεται, καὶ τοὺς δερματίνους ἀμφιέννυται χιτῶνας, ἴσως τὴν παχυτέ ραν σάρκα, καὶ θνητὴν, καὶ ἀντίτυπον· καὶ τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκει τὴν Ἰδίαν αἰσχύνην, καὶ ἀπὸ Θεοῦ κρύπτεται. Κερδαίνει μέν τι κἀνταῦθα· τὸν θά νατον, καὶ τὸ διακοπῆναι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀθάνατον ᾖ τὸ κακόν· καὶ γίνεται φιλανθρωπία ἡ τιμωρία. Οὕτω γὰρ ἐγὼ πείθομαι κολάζειν Θεόν. 36.325 ΙΓʹ. Πολλοῖς δὲ παιδευθεὶς πρότερον, ἀντὶ πολλῶν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ὧν ἡ τῆς κακίας ῥίζα ἐβλάστησε κατὰ διαφόρους αἰτίας καὶ χρόνους, λόγῳ, νόμῳ, προφήταις, εὐεργεσίαις, ἀπειλαῖς, πληγαῖς, ὕδασιν, ἐμπρησμοῖς, πολέμοις, νίκαις, ἥτταις, ση μείοις ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, σημείοις ἐξ ἀέρος, ἐκ γῆς, ἐκ θαλάττης, ἀνδρῶν, πόλεων, ἐθνῶν ἀνελπίστοις με ταβολαῖς, ὑφ' ὧν ἐκτριβῆναι τὴν κακίαν τὸ σπουδαζόμενον ἦν. Τέλος ἰσχυροτέρου δεῖται φαρμά κου ἐπὶ δεινοτέροις τοῖς ἀῤῥωστήμασιν, ἀλληλοφο νίαις, μοιχείαις, ἐπιορκίαις, ἀνδρομανίαις, τὸ πάντων ἔσχατον τῶν κακῶν καὶ πρῶτον, εἰδωλολατρείαις, καὶ τῇ μεταθέσει τῆς προσκυνήσεως ἀπὸ τοῦ πεποιηκότος ἐπὶ τὰ