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prosperity. For one who has lived in poverty from the beginning would have borne it more easily, having practiced the suffering; but one who has fallen from such great prosperity, on account of being untrained and unpracticed, is likely to endure a more difficult sensation, and a more bitter pain, and a greater disturbance. It is also possible to mention a fifth; what is this? That each of the other men, being conscious of many evils in himself, knows the reason for what he suffers; and this is no small comfort; but that man could not even reckon that he was paying the penalty for faults and sins; which especially disturbed his reasoning. For when he looked at his own life, and his conscience shining brighter than the sun, and the multitude of his right actions, he knew that he was worthy of crowns and rewards and countless prizes; but when he looked at his body and the sores and all that had happened, seeing himself suffering worse things than those who had committed the worst crimes, he could not find a reason to say why he was suffering these things; therefore, taking refuge in the incomprehensibility of God's providence, he said: As it seemed good to the Lord, so also it has happened. And silencing his wife with the available arguments, he composed a reasoning that greatly demonstrated his piety, saying thus: If we have received good things from the Lord, shall we not endure the evil? Shall I also speak of another excellence that especially crowns and proclaims that athlete, and shows his soul to be lofty and touching the heavens? What then is this? The difference of the time; for having been born before grace and before the law, he philosophized in such ways. And this is no small thing, but able to weave countless crowns. For the same rewards are not laid up for the same right actions, when one has performed them in earlier times, and another in the last, but they are much greater for the former. For it was not the same, to be a philosopher when Christ had come and demonstrated and exhorted and advised so many things, as to demonstrate such things before His coming and before the law and before the prophets. For this very reason, when He came, He seeks a greater addition of virtue, saying: Unless your righteousness exceeds that of the Scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. For the greater the teaching has become, the more just and greater measures of virtue He has set. But this man, not having enjoyed teaching, not having encountered writings, nor books, not having seen others, not being able to run back to the time before and consider those who had done rightly; for there was not yet scripture, or history transmitting what had happened; but on an untrodden road, on an unnavigated sea, in so great a gloom of evil, he alone and first then 63.482 cut this road of philosophy, having been shown to be supreme with excellence in the chief of good things. For it is a very great thing to achieve the lesser parts of virtue, but much greater to be supreme in the supreme of all things; that patience is the supreme of all things, no one will dispute. Therefore, the devil himself, knowing these things, said: Skin for skin, and all that a man has, he will give for his life; but yet, stretch out your hand, and touch his flesh. From which it is clear that this is the supreme of all achievements, and requires a youthful and iron soul. 4. Have you seen him in his trials, as much as it was possible for you to see? For not even speech itself has had the strength to represent the exactness. For no power of speech is able to interpret to the listeners the pain and tortures and tyranny of despair and the disturbance arising from such a blizzard of troubles, as the experience of the events themselves. Come, then, let me show you him again—for this is not a small thing, but requires a very philosophical soul—displaying great philosophy in wealth and in prosperity. What then was he like when he was rich? A common harbor for all, a common father for all, a common physician, or rather, even greater than a physician; at least hear him saying: I was the eye of the blind, and the foot of the lame. Do you see

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εὐημερίαν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐν πενίᾳ ζήσας, εὐκολώτερον ἂν ταύτην ἤνεγκεν, ἅτε μελετήσας τὸ πάθος· ὁ δὲ ἐξ εὐημερίας τοσαύτης κατενεχθεὶς, διὰ τὸ ἀγύμναστον καὶ ἀμελέτητον καὶ χαλεπωτέραν ὑπομένειν εἰκὸς τὴν αἴσθησιν, καὶ πικροτέραν τὴν ὀδύνην, καὶ μείζονα τὴν ταραχήν. Ἔστι καὶ πέμπτην εἰπεῖν· ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Ὅτι τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἕκαστος ἀνθρώπων πολλὰ συνειδὼς ἑαυτῷ πονηρὰ, τὴν αἰτίαν οἶδεν ὧν πάσχει· οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τοῦτο εἰς παραμυθίαν· ἐκεῖνος δὲ οὐδὲ τοῦτο εἶχε λογίσασθαι, ὅτι πλημμελημάτων καὶ ἁμαρτημάτων ἔτινε δίκας· ὃ μάλιστα αὐτοῦ τὸν λογισμὸν ἐθορύβει. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ εἰς τὸν βίον εἶδε τὸν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ τὸ συνειδὸς ὑπὲρ τὸν ἥλιον λάμπον, καὶ τῶν κατορθωμάτων τὸ πλῆθος, ᾔδει ὅτι στεφάνων καὶ βραβείων καὶ μυρίων ἐπάθλων ἄξιος ἦν· ὅτε δὲ εἰς τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὰ ἕλκη καὶ τὰ συμβεβηκότα ἅπαντα, τῶν τὰ ἔσχατα τετολμηκότων ὁρῶν ἑαυτὸν χαλεπώτερα πάσχοντα, οὐδὲ τὴν αἰτίαν εὕρισκεν εἰπεῖν δι' ἢν ταῦτα ἔπασχε· διὸ δὴ ἐπὶ τὸ ἀκατάληπτον τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ οἰκονομίας καταφυγὼν ἔλεγεν· Ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ ἔδοξεν, οὕτω καὶ ἐγένετο. Καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα δὲ ἐπιστομίζων ἐκ τῶν ἐγχωρούντων, καὶ λογισμὸν συνέθηκε τὴν εὐλάβειαν αὐτοῦ σφόδρα ἐπιδεικνύμενον, λέγων οὕτως· Εἰ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐδεξάμεθα παρὰ Κυρίου, τὰ κακὰ οὐχ ὑποίσομεν; Εἴπω καὶ ἑτέραν ὑπερβολὴν μάλιστα στεφανοῦσαν καὶ ἀνακηρύττουσαν τὸν ἀθλητὴν ἐκεῖνον, καὶ δεικνύουσαν αὐτοῦ ὑψηλὴν καὶ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἁπτομένην ψυχήν; Τίς οὖν ἐστιν αὕτη; Ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου διαφορά· πρὸ γὰρ τῆς χάριτος καὶ πρὸ τοῦ νόμου γενόμενος, τοιαῦτα ἐφιλοσόφησεν. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ μυρίους δυνάμενον πλέξαι στεφάνους. Τῶν γὰρ αὐτῶν κατορθωμάτων οὐχ οἱ αὐτοὶ κεῖνται μισθοὶ, ὅταν ὁ μὲν ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέροις χρόνοις ταῦτα κατωρθωκὼς ᾖ, ὁ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μείζους τῷ προτέρῳ. Οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἴσον, παραγενομένου τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τοσαῦτα ἐπιδειξαμένου καὶ παραινέσαντος καὶ συμβουλεύσαντος φιλοσοφεῖν, καὶ πρὸ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ καὶ πρὸ νόμου καὶ πρὸ προφητῶν τοιαῦτα ἐπιδείκνυσθαι. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ παραγενόμενος πλείονα ἀρετῆς προσθήκην ἐπιζητεῖ, λέγων· Ἐὰν μὴ περισσεύσῃ ἡ δικαιοσύνη ὑμῶν πλεῖον τῶν Γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Ὅσῳ γὰρ πλείων ἡ διδασκαλία γέγονε, τοσούτῳ δικαιότερα καὶ πλείονα ἔθετο μέτρα ἀρετῆς. Ἀλλ' οὗτος οὐ διδασκαλίας ἀπολαύσας, οὐ γράμμασιν ἐντυχὼν, οὐ βιβλίοις, οὐχ ἑτέρους θεασάμενος, οὐκ εἰς τὸν ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον ἀναδραμεῖν ἔχων καὶ τοὺς κατωρθωκότας ἐννοῆσαι· οὐδέπω γὰρ ἦν γραφὴ, ἢ ἱστορία τὰ γεγενημένα παραδιδοῦσα· ἀλλ' ἐν ἀτριβεῖ τῇ ὁδῷ, ἐν ἀπλώτῳ τῇ θαλάττῃ, ἐν ζόφῳ τοσούτῳ κακίας, μόνος καὶ πρῶτος ἐκεῖνος τότε 63.482 ταύτην φιλοσοφίας ἔτεμε τὴν ὁδὸν, τῷ κεφαλαίῳ τῶν ἀγαθῶν μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς ἄκρος ἀποδειχθείς. Μέγιστον μὲν γὰρ καὶ τὸ τὰ ἐλάττονα μέρη τῆς ἀρετῆς κατορθοῦν, πολλῷ δὲ μεῖζον τὸ ἐν τῷ ἀκροτάτῳ πάντων ἀκρότατον εἶναι· ὅτι δὲ τὸ πάντων ἀκρότατον ἡ ὑπομονὴ, οὐδεὶς ἀντερεῖ. Ταῦτα γοῦν καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ διάβολος εἰδὼς, ἔλεγε· ∆έρμα ὑπὲρ δέρματος, καὶ πάντα ὅσα ὑπάρχει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, δώσει ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ· οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ ἀπόστειλον τὴν χεῖρά σου, καὶ ἅψαι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ. Ὅθεν δῆλον ὅτι πάντων ἀκρότατον τοῦτο τὸ κατόρθωμα, καὶ νεανικῆς τινος καὶ σιδηρᾶς δεόμενον ψυχῆς. δʹ. Εἶδες αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς, ὅσον ἰδεῖν σοι δυνατὸν ἦν; τὴν γὰρ ἀκρίβειαν οὐδὲ αὐτὸς ὁ λόγος παραστῆσαι ἴσχυσεν. Ὀδύνην γὰρ καὶ βασάνους καὶ ἀθυμίας τυραννίδα καὶ τὴν ἐκ τῶν τοσούτων νιφάδων ἐγγινομένην ταραχὴν οὐδεμία λόγου δύναμις ἑρμηνεῦσαι δύναται τοῖς ἀκηκοόσιν, ὡς αὐτὴ τῶν πραγμάτων ἡ πεῖρα. Φέρε σοι οὖν δείξω πάλιν αὐτὸν οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτο μικρὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα φιλοσοφωτάτης δεόμενον ψυχῆς ἐν πλούτῳ καὶ ἐν εὐημερίᾳ πολλὴν ἐπιδεικνύμενον φιλοσοφίαν. Τίς οὖν ἦν πλούσιος ὤν; Κοινὸς ἁπάντων λιμὴν, κοινὸς ἁπάντων πατὴρ, κοινὸς ἰατρὸς, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἰατροῦ μεῖζον· ἄκουσον γοῦν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος· Ἐγὼ ἤμην ὀφθαλμὸς τυφλῶν, ποῦς δὲ χωλῶν. Ὁρᾷς