John Chrysostom, On the Veneration of the Precious Cross

was crucified? To whom we will say a few things, having chosen from the prophets: It was necessary for the Christ to be crucified, O lawless and ignorant Jew, because the law and the prophets so proclaimed, that humanity would be saved through Christ. For first Moses says, You will see your life hanging before your eyes, and you will not believe in your life. And Isaiah: As a sheep he was led to the slaughter, and as a lamb before its shearer is silent. And Jeremiah, Come and let us put wood into his bread. And, They gave his price for the potter's field, as the Lord commanded me. And that the crucified Christ is God, hear Esdras saying: Blessed is the Lord who stretched out his hands, and saved Jerusalem before our eyes. And that the serpents were killing the people, Moses, by God's command, hanging a serpent on a piece of wood, said: Look to this, and you shall not die. And again Jeremiah says, as from the person of those who crucified him: Come and let us destroy him from the land of the living. And again Christ through the same prophet, But I was as an innocent lamb being led to be sacrificed; I did not know. And again David as from the person of Christ: They pierced my hands and my feet, and they divided my garments among themselves, and for my clothing they cast lots. And again, I have stretched out my hands all the day to a disobedient and contrary people, who have not walked in a good way, but after their own sins. And that the cross of Christ and its type are venerable and to be worshipped, this too the prophets teach: For David saying: You have given a sign to those who fear you, to flee from the face of the bow; and again: Show me a sign for good, and let those who hate me see it, and be ashamed. And God also says through Ezekiel the prophet: Give the sign upon the foreheads of those who groan and are in pain over all the iniquities; and go through, and strike, and do not pity; wipe out the elder and the young man, and women and nursing infants; but do not come near those who have my sign. And Solomon says, Bless the wood, through which righteousness comes. And Isaiah, whence it was, and what sort of woods of the cross, says: With cypress and pine and cedar, to glorify the holy place together. And Moses, casting a piece of wood into Marah, sweetened the bitter waters, as a type of the cross of Christ who sweetened the world from the bitterness of the demons. And the rod of Moses which split the rock was a type of the cross of Christ, who split the hearts of men, and cast the grace of the Holy Spirit into them.

4. And this is truly the way of life, and all who hold fast to it live; but those who leave it will have death and endless punishment. For the law and the prophets proclaim the holy Trinity; and truly this is he who was proclaimed by the prophets and the law, he who comes in the name of the Lord, Jesus Christ the Lord, and there is no other, except he who was born in Bethlehem of Judea of the Virgin and Theotokos Mary in the time of Caesar Augustus. And he who does not receive him52.840, and does not believe in him, is an apostate from God, and anathema to him. For this reason Isaiah also cries out concerning you who have gone astray, saying, My people have become captive because they did not know the Lord. For from the time that Christ came, the power of the cross of you Jews was destroyed, and the priesthood has vanished, and you were scattered by the Romans. For Isaiah says concerning those who crucified Christ, Because of our sins God has turned his face away from us, and the rest of us are in sins. For if this were not the Christ who was born of Mary, the chosen one of God, and his true Son, he who was proclaimed by the law and the prophets, the nation of you Jews would have been glorified, and exalted, and would have reigned, as having killed the one who was against God and a deceiver.

ἐσταύρωται; Πρὸς ὃν ἐροῦμεν ὀλίγα τῶν προφητῶν ἐκλεξάμενοι· Ἔδει τὸν Χριστὸν σταυρωθῆναι, ὦ παράνομε καὶ ἀγνώμων Ἰουδαῖε, ὅτι ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται οὕτως ἐκήρυξαν, σώζεσθαι τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα διὰ Χριστοῦ. Πρῶτος γὰρ Μωϋσῆς λέγει, Ὄψεσθε τὴν ζωὴν ὑμῶν κρεμαμένην ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ὑμῶν, καὶ οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε τῇ ζωῇ ὑμῶν. Καὶ ὁ Ἡσαΐας· Ὡς πρόβατον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἤχθη, καὶ ὡς ἀμνὸς ἐναντίον τοῦ κείροντος αὐτὸν ἄφωνος. Καὶ ὁ Ἱερεμίας, ∆εῦτε καὶ ἐμβάλωμεν ξύλον εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ. Καὶ, Ἔδωκαν τὴν τιμὴν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν τοῦ κεραμέως, καθὰ συνέταξέ μοι Κύριος. Καὶ ὅτι Θεός ἐστιν ὁ σταυρωθεὶς Χριστὸς, ἄκουσον τοῦ Ἔσδρα λέγοντος· Εὐλογητὸς Κύριος ὁ ἐκπετάσας τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ, καὶ σώσας τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ κατέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἡμῶν. Καὶ ὅτι οἱ ὄφεις ἀπέκτεινον τὸν λαὸν, ὄφιν κελεύσει Θεοῦ κρεμάσας Μωϋσῆς ἐπὶ ξύλου, ἔλεγε· Τούτῳ προσέχετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνητε. Καὶ πάλιν Ἱερεμίας λέγει, ὡς ἐκ προσώπου τῶν σταυρωσάντων αὐτόν· ∆εῦτε καὶ ἐκτρίψωμεν αὐτὸν ἐκ γῆς ζώντων. Καὶ πάλιν ὁ Χριστὸς διὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ προφήτου, Ἐγὼ δὲ ὡς ἀρνίον ἄκακον ἀγόμενον τοῦ θύεσθαι, οὐκ ἔγνων. Καὶ πάλιν ὁ ∆αυῒδ ὡς ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Χριστοῦ· Ὤρυξαν χεῖράς μου καὶ πόδας μου, καὶ διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτιά μου ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἱματισμῶν μου ἔβαλον κλῆρον. Καὶ πάλιν, ∆ιεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν πρὸς λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα, οἳ οὐκ ἐπορεύθησαν ὁδῷ ἀγαθῇ, ἀλλ' ὀπίσω τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν. Ὅτι δὲ σεβάσμιος καὶ προσκυνητὸς ὁ τοῦ Χριστοῦ σταυρὸς καὶ ὁ τύπος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοῦτο οἱ προφῆται διδάσκουσι· ∆αυῒδ μὲν γὰρ λέγων· Ἔδωκας τοῖς φοβουμένοις σε σημείωσιν, τοῦ φυγεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου τόξου· καὶ πάλιν· Ποίησον μετ' ἐμοῦ σημεῖον εἰς ἀγαθὸν, καὶ εἰδέτωσαν οἱ μισοῦντές με, καὶ αἰσχυνθήτωσαν. Καὶ ὁ Θεὸς δὲ διὰ Ἰεζεκιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου λέγει· ∆ὸς τὴν σημείωσιν ἐπὶ τὰ μέτωπα τῶν καταστεναζόντων καὶ κατοδυνωμένων ἐν πάσαις ἀνομίαις· καὶ διέλθετε, καὶ κόπτετε, καὶ μὴ ἐλεήσητε· πρεσβύτερον καὶ νεανίσκον, καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ νήπια θηλάζοντα ἐξαλείψατε· ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς ἔχοντας τὸ σημεῖόν μου μὴ ἐγγίσητε. Καὶ ὁ Σολομὼν λέγει, Εὐλογεῖτε ξύλον, δι' οὗ γίνεται δικαιοσύνη. Καὶ ὁ Ἡσαΐας, πόθεν ἦν, καὶ ποῖα τὰ ξύλα τοῦ σταυροῦ, λέγει· Ἐν κυπαρίσσῳ καὶ πεύκῃ καὶ κέδρῳ, ἅμα δοξάσαι τὸν τόπον τὸν ἅγιον. Καὶ Μωϋσῆς δὲ ξύλον βαλὼν εἰς Μεῤῥὰν, τὰ πικρὰ ὕδατα ἐγλύκανεν εἰς τύπον τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ γλυκάναντος ἐκ τῆς πικρίας τῶν δαιμόνων τὸν κόσμον. Καὶ ἡ ῥάβδος Μωϋσέως ἡ σχίσασα τὴν πέτραν, εἰς τύπον ἦν τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ σχίσαντος τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἐμβαλόντος τὴν χάριν τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐν αὐτοῖς.

δʹ. Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ὄντως ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ πάντες οἱ κρατοῦντες αὐτὴν ζῶσιν· οἱ δὲ καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν θάνατον καὶ κόλασιν ἀτελεύτητον ἕξουσιν. Ὁ νόμος γὰρ καὶ οἱ προφῆται κηρύττουσι τὴν ἁγίαν Τριάδα· καὶ ἀληθῶς οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κηρυχθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ τοῦ νόμου, ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς Κύριος, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλος, εἰ μὴ ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐκ τῆς Παρθένου καὶ θεοτόκου Μαρίας ἐπὶ Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου. Καὶ ὁ μὴ δεχόμενος αὐ52.840 τὸν, καὶ μὴ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν, ἀποστάτης ἐστὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἀνάθεμα αὐτῷ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Ἡσαΐας περὶ ὑμῶν τῶν πλανηθέντων βοᾷ λέγων, Αἰχμάλωτος ὁ λαός μου ἐγενήθη διὰ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι αὐτοὺς τὸν Κύριον. Ἐξ οὗ τε γὰρ ἦλθεν ὁ Χριστὸς, κατελύθη ἡ δύναμις τοῦ σταυροῦ ὑμῶν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ ἡ ἱερωσύνη ἠφάνισται, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων διεσκορπίσθητε. Φησὶ γὰρ Ἡσαΐας περὶ τῶν σταυρωσάντων τὸν Χριστὸν, ∆ιὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν ἀπέστρεψε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὁ Θεὸς ἀφ' ἡμῶν, καὶ οἱ κατάλοιποι ἡμῶν ἐν ἁμαρτίαις. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἦν αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐκ Μαρίας, ὁ ἐκλεκτὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ Υἱὸς ἀληθινὸς αὐτοῦ, ὁ κηρυχθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν, εἶχεν ἂν δοξασθῆναι τὸ ἔθνος ὑμῶν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ ὑψωθῆναι καὶ βασιλεῦσαι, ὡς τὸν ἀντίθεον καὶ πλάνον ἀποκτεῖναν.