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and the benefit of the resurrection which comes to all. For to say, that In the beginning was the Word, and that He was in the form of God, and to make Himself equal to God, and all such things, showed the divinity of the Word, but contributed nothing of that sort to the present matter; but to say, Who raised Him from the dead, was to remind them of the chief point of the benefit on our behalf, which contributed not a little to his present purpose. For the majority of men are accustomed to pay attention not so much to words that represent the greatness of God, as to those that indicate His benefit to men. Therefore, leaving those things aside, he 61.616 makes his discourse about the benefit that has come to us.

3. But the heretics leap up, saying, "Behold, the Father raises the Son."

For since they have once become diseased, they are willfully deaf to the lofty doctrines, but the humble ones, spoken either on account of the flesh, or for the honor of the Father, or for some other dispensation, these they select, and examining them by themselves, they do despite to themselves (for I would not say, to the Scripture); whom I would gladly ask, for what reason do they say these things? Is it because they wish to show the Son to be weak, and not strong enough for the resurrection of one body? And yet faith in Him made even the shadows of those who believed in Him raise the dead. Then men who believed in Him, being mortal, raised the dead by the mere shadow of those earthen bodies, and by the garments wrapped around these bodies, and He Himself was not strong enough to raise Himself? How is this not manifest madness, and an intensification of insanity? Have you not heard Him say, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up? and again, I have power to lay down My life, and I have power to take it again? For what reason, then, is the Father said to have raised Him? Just as He also does the other things which He Himself does. For this was said both for the honor of the Father, and because of the weakness of the hearers. And all the brethren who are with me. Why did he nowhere add this when writing a letter? For he either puts his own name alone, or two or three others by name; but here he put a whole multitude; wherefore he did not even mention anyone by name. For what reason then does he do this? They slandered him as being the only one preaching these things, and as introducing some innovation to the doctrines. Wishing therefore to remove their suspicion, and to show that he has many who share his opinion, he included the brethren, making it clear that what he writes, he writes also from their opinion. To the Churches of Galatia.

For not one city, nor two or three, but the whole nation of the Galatians this pyre of error was feeding upon. But observe for me here also his great indignation. For he did not say, To the beloved, nor, To the sanctified, but, To the Churches of Galatia. And this was the act of one greatly disheartened and showing his pain, not to call them by titles of love or honor, but from the assembly alone; and not even to add, To the Churches of God, but simply, To the Churches of Galatia. Moreover, he is also eager from the outset to unite what is in sedition; wherefore he also put the name of the Church, putting them to shame, and gathering them into one. For those divided into many parts could not be called by this appellation; for the name of the Church is a name of harmony and concord. Grace to you and peace from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. He puts this everywhere of necessity, but especially now when sending to the Galatians. For since they were in danger 61.617 of falling from grace, he prays for them to recover it again. For since they themselves toward God

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καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως εὐεργεσίαν ἐγγινομένην ἅπασι. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος, καὶ ὅτι ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπῆρχε, καὶ τὸ ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, δεικνύντος μὲν ἦν τὴν τοῦ Λόγου θεότητα, οὐδὲν δὲ τοιοῦτον εἰς τὸ παρὸν συμβαλλομένου· τὸ δὲ εἰπεῖν, Τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἀναμιμνήσκοντος ἦν τῆς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν εὐεργεσίας τὸ κεφάλαιον, ὅπερ οὐ μικρὸν εἰς τὸ προκείμενον αὐτῷ συνετέλει. Καὶ γὰρ εἰώθασιν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων οὐχ οὕτω τοῖς τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ μεγαλωσύνην παριστῶσι προσέχειν λόγοις, ὡς τοῖς τὴν εἰς ἀνθρώπους εὐεργεσίαν ἐνδεικνυμένοις. ∆ιόπερ ἀφεὶς ἐκεῖνα εἰ 61.616 πεῖν περὶ τῆς εἰς ἡμᾶς εὐεργεσίας γεγενημένης ποιεῖται τὸν λόγον.

γʹ. Ἀλλ' ἐπιπηδῶσιν οἱ αἱρετικοὶ λέγοντες, Ἰδοὺ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐγείρει τὸν Υἱόν.

Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἅπαξ νενοσήκασι, πρὸς μὲν τὰ ὑψηλὰ τῶν δογμάτων ἐθελοκωφοῦσι, τὰ δὲ ταπεινὰ, καὶ ἢ τῆς σαρκὸς ἕνεκεν εἰρημένα οὕτως, ἢ διὰ τὴν εἰς τὸν Πατέρα τιμὴν, ἢ δι' ἄλλην τινὰ οἰκονομίαν, ταῦτα ἐκλέγουσι, καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὰ ἐξετάζοντες, ἐπηρεάζουσιν ἑαυτοῖς (οὐ γὰρ ἂν εἴποιμι τῇ Γραφῇ)· οὓς ἡδέως ἂν ἐροίμην. τίνος ἕνεκεν ταῦτα λέγουσιν; ἆρα ἀσθενῆ τὸν Υἱὸν ἐπιδεῖξαι βουλόμενοι, καὶ οὐκ ἰσχύοντα πρὸς ἑνὸς ἀνάστασιν σώματος; Καὶ μὴν ἡ εἰς αὐτὸν πίστις καὶ τὰς σκιὰς τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν πιστευόντων ἀνιστᾷν ἐποίησε νεκρούς. Εἶτα οἱ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν πιστεύοντες ἄνθρωποι, θνητοὶ μὲν ὄντες, ἔτι ἀπὸ σκιᾶς μόνης τῶν πηλίνων σωμάτων ἐκείνων, καὶ ἱματίων τοῖς σώμασι τούτοις περικειμένων νεκροὺς ἤγειραν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἑαυτὸν ἀναστῆσαι οὐκ ἴσχυσε, καὶ πῶς οὐ φανερὰ αὕτη μανία, καὶ παρανοίας ἐπίτασις; Οὐκ ἤκουσας αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, ὅτι Λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν; καὶ πάλιν, Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ὁ Πατὴρ αὐτὸν ἐγηγερκέναι λέγεται; Ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ποιεῖν, ἅπερ αὐτὸς ποιεῖ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ εἰς τὸν Πατέρα τιμῆς ἕνεκεν εἴρηται τοῦτο, καὶ τῆς τῶν ἀκροατῶν ἀσθενείας. Καὶ οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοί. Τί δήποτε οὐδαμοῦ τοῦτο προσέθηκεν ἐπιστέλλων; Ἢ γὰρ τὸ αὐτοῦ ὄνομα τίθησι μόνον, ἢ δύο καὶ τριῶν ἑτέρων ὀνομαστί· ἐνταῦθα δὲ πλῆθος ὁλόκληρον ἔθηκε· διόπερ οὐδὲ ὀνομαστί τινος ἐμνημόνευσε. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν τοῦτο ποιεῖ; ∆ιέβαλλον αὐτὸν ὡς μόνον ταῦτα κηρύττοντα, καὶ καινοτομίαν τινὰ τοῖς δόγμασιν ἐπεισάγοντα. Θέλων οὖν ἀνελεῖν αὐτῶν τὴν ὑποψίαν, καὶ δεῖξαι ὅτι πολλοὺς ἔχει τῆς γνώμης κοινωνοὺς, συνέταξε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, δηλῶν ὅτι ἅπερ γράφει, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκείνων γράφει γνώμης. Ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας.

Οὐ γὰρ μίαν πόλιν, οὐδὲ δύο καὶ τρεῖς, ἀλλ' ὁλόκληρον τῶν Γαλατῶν τὸ ἔθνος αὕτη τῆς πλάνης ἐπενέμετο ἡ πυρά. Θέα δέ μοι καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὴν πολλὴν ἀγανάκτησιν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Τοῖς ἀγαπητοῖς, οὐδὲ, Τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις, ἀλλὰ, Ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας. Τοῦτο δὲ ἦν σφόδρα βαρυθυμοῦντος καὶ τὴν ὀδύνην ἐνδεικνυμένου, τὸ μηδὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης, μηδὲ ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς τῶν ὀνομάτων αὐτοὺς καλέσαι, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς συνόδου μόνης· καὶ μηδὲ προσθεῖναι, Ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς Ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ συνάψαι ἐκ προοιμίων τὸ στασιάζον ἐπείγεται· διὸ καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τέθεικεν, ἐντρέπων αὐτοὺς, καὶ συνάγων εἰς ἕν. Οἱ γὰρ εἰς πολλὰ διῃρημένοι μέρη, οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι τῇ προσηγορίᾳ· τὸ γὰρ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ὄνομα, συμφωνίας ὄνομα καὶ ὁμονοίας ἐστί. Χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Πανταχοῦ μὲν ἀναγκαίως τοῦτο τίθησι, μάλιστα δὲ Γαλάταις ἀποστέλλων νῦν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τῆς χάριτος ἐκινδύ 61.617 νευον ἐκπεσεῖν, ἐπεύχεται αὐτοῖς ταύτην ἀνακτήσασθαι πάλιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἑαυτοὺς