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of the desire for good things, fornication; and by sympathy towards the poor, avarice; and by goodness and love towards all, anger; and by spiritual joy, worldly sorrow; and by patience and endurance, and thanksgiving towards God, acedia; and by the secret practice of the virtues, however, and of continuous prayer in a contrite heart, vainglory; and by not judging or despising anyone, like the boastful Pharisee, but considering oneself the last of all, pride. Thus, therefore, the mind, having been freed from the aforementioned passions, and raised up to God, from that point on lives the blessed life, receiving the earnest of the Holy Spirit; and departing from here, with dispassion and true knowledge, it stands before the light of the Holy Trinity, with the divine angels, being illuminated for endless ages. 95.96 The soul, therefore, being tripartite, as has been shown before; for there are, as has been said, three parts of it: reason, spirit, and desire; if in the spirited part there is love and philanthropy, and in the desiderative part purity and temperance, the reasoning part is enlightened. But if in the spirited part there is misanthropy, and in the desiderative part licentiousness, the reasoning part is darkened; the reasoning part, therefore, is then healthy and sound-minded and illuminated, when it has the passions subordinated to it, and contemplates the inner principles of created things purely, and is led up to the blessed and holy Trinity. The spirited part, in turn, then moves according to nature, when it loves all men, and holds neither grief nor remembrance of wrongs against any of them. And the desiderative part, when by humility and continence and non-possession it has put to death the passions, that is, the pleasure of the flesh, and the desire for money and passing glory, and turns towards the divine and immortal love; for desire has its movement towards three things: either towards the pleasure of the flesh, or towards vainglory, or even towards the deceit of money, and through this irrational desire it despises God, and His divine commandments, and forgets its divine nobility, and becomes beast-like towards its neighbor, and darkens the reason, and does not allow it to look up to the truth; he who has acquired a mind superior to these things, from then on, as has been said before, receives the kingdom of the heavens, and lives a blessed life, in expectation of the blessedness laid up for those who love God; of which may we also be deemed worthy through the grace of Christ. Amen. But these things we have set forth simply, according to our lack of learning, having sketched out the discourse on virtues and passions in a concise and clear manner, so that one may easily have the ability to distinguish and discern their division and difference, by their detail and clarity. For this very reason, we have also set forth the various and manifold nature of each, so that no form, if possible, of virtue and vice might be unknown; and thus we may cheerfully draw to ourselves the one, namely the virtues and especially those of the soul, through which we also draw near to God, while we completely shun and escape the vices; for blessed, truly, is he who seeks virtue, and pursues it; and who diligently investigates what virtue is, as through it he draws near to God, and is intellectually united with Him. For this is properly, prudence .... and wisdom and true knowledge, and inalienable wealth, to be led up through practical virtue to the contemplation of the Creator. And it is called virtue, from being chosen; for it is chosen and willed, because we do good by choice and free will, not unwillingly and by constraint; and it is called prudence, to bear in the mind the things that are profitable. 95.97 If you wish, let us add to this simple discourse, as a golden seal, also a little concerning the ‘in the image’ and ‘after the likeness,’ of the most honorable of all God's creatures, the intellectual and rational animal, man, who alone of all is according to

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ἀγαθῶν ἐφέσεως, ἡ πορνεία· ὑπὸ δὲ συμπαθείας τῆς πρὸς τοὺς πένητας, ἡ φιλαργυρία· ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς ἀγαθότητος καὶ τῆς πρὸς πάντας ἀγάπης, ἡ ὀργή· ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς πνευματικῆς χαρᾶς, ἡ κοσμικὴ λύπη· ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ τῆς καρτερίας, καὶ τῆς πρὸς θεῶν εὐχαριστίας, ἡ ἀκηδία· ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς κρυπτῆς μέντοι τῶν ἀρετῶν ἐργασίας, καὶ τῆς ἐν συντριβῇ καρδίας συνεχοῦς προσευχῆς, ἡ κενοδοξία· ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦ μὴ κρίνειν τινὰ ἢ ἐξουθενεῖν, ὡς ὁ μεγάλαυχος Φαρισαῖος, ἀλλ' ἡγεῖσθαι ἑαυτὸν ἔσχατον πάντων, ἡ ὑπερηφανία. Οὕτως οὖν τῶν εἰρημένων παθῶν ὁ νοῦς ἐλευθερωθεὶς, καὶ πρὸς Θεὸν ἀνυψωθεὶς, ἀπεντεῦθεν ζῇ τὴν μακαρίαν ζωὴν, τὴν ἀῤῥαβῶνα δεχόμενος τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος· καὶ τῶν ἐντεῦθεν ἀποδημήσας, μετὰ ἀπαθείας καὶ γνώσεως ἀληθοῦς, παρίσταται τῷ φωτὶ τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος, μετὰ τῶν θείων ἀγγέλων, εἰς αἰῶνας ἀπεράντους καταλαμπόμενος. 95.96 Τριμερὴς τοίνυν οὖσα, ὡς προδεδήλωται, ἡ ψυχή· τρία γὰρ, ὡς εἴρηται, τὰ μέρη ταύτης εἰσὶ, λογισμὸς, θυμὸς καὶ ἐπιθυμία· ἐάν ἐστιν ἐν τῷ θυμικῷ ἀγάπη, καὶ φιλανθρωπία, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ καθαρότης καὶ σωφροσύνη, ὁ λογισμός ἐστι πεφωτισμένος. Ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ θυμικῷ ᾖ μισανθρωπία, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἀκολασία, ὁ λογισμός ἐστιν ἐσκοτισμένος· ὁ μὲν οὖν λογισμὸς τότε ὑγιαίνει καὶ σωφρονεῖ καὶ φωτίζεται, ὅτε τὰ πάθη ἔχει ὑποτεταγμένα, καὶ τοὺς λόγους τῶν κτισμάτων ἁγνικῶς θεωρεῖ, καὶ πρὸς τὴν μακαρίαν καὶ ἁγίαν Τριάδα ἀνάγεται. Ὁ δὲ θυμὸς τότε πάλιν κινεῖ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν, ὅτε πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἀγαπᾷ, καὶ πρὸς οὐδένα αὐτῶν ἢ λύπην, ἢ μνησικακίαν κέκτηται. Ἡ δὲ ἐπιθυμία, ὅταν ὑπὸ ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ ἐγκρατείας καὶ ἀκτημοσύνης νεκρώσῃ τὰ πάθη, τουτέστιν ἡδονὴν σαρκὸς, καὶ χρημάτων καὶ δόξης παρερχομένης ἔφεσιν, καὶ τραπῇ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον καὶ ἀθάνατον ἔρωτα· καὶ γὰρ ἡ ἐπιθυμία πρὸς τὰ τρία τὴν κίνησιν ἔχει, ἢ πρὸς ἡδονὴν σαρκὸς, ἢ πρὸς δόξαν κενὴν, ἢ καὶ πρὸς ἀπάτην χρημάτων, καὶ διὰ τὴν παράλογον ταύτην ἔφεσιν καταφρονεῖ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τῶν θείων αὐτοῦ ἐντολῶν, καὶ τῆς θείας εὐγενείας ἐπιλανθάνεται, καὶ πρὸς τὸν πλησίον ἐκθηριοῦται, καὶ τὸν λογισμὸν σκοτίζει, καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ ἀναβλέψαι πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν· ὧν ὁ ἀνώτερον κτησάμενος φρόνημα, ἀπεντεῦθεν, ὡς προείρηται, ἀπολαμβάνει τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν, καὶ ζῇ μακαρίαν ζωὴν, προσδοκίᾳ τῆς ἀποκειμένης μακαριότητος, τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν Θεόν· ἧς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀξιωθείημεν διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἀμήν. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως, ὡς εἴχομεν ἀμαθίας, ἀφελῶς ἐξεθέμεθα, εὐσύνοπτον καὶ σαφῆ σχεδιάσαντες τὸν περὶ ἀρετῶν καὶ παθῶν λόγον, ἵν' εὐχερῶς ἔχῃ τις διακρίνειν τε καὶ διαγινώσκειν τὴν τούτων διαίρεσίν τε καὶ διαφορὰν, τῇ μὲν τούτων λεπτομερίᾳ καὶ σαφηνείᾳ. ∆ι' αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο, καὶ ποικίλον ἑκάστου καὶ πολυειδὲς ἐξεθέμεθα, ὡς μηδεμίαν, εἰ δυνατὸν, ἰδέαν ἀρετῆς καὶ κακίαν ἀγνοεῖσθαι· καὶ οὕτως τὰς μὲν εὐθύμως πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἐπισπασώμεθα, τὰς ἀρετὰς δηλονότι καὶ μᾶλλον ψυχικὰς, δι' ὧν καὶ τῷ Θεῷ ἐγγίζομεν, τὰς δέ γε κακίας καὶ σφόδρα ἐκκλίναντες διαδιδράσκομεν· μακάριος γὰρ, ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὁ ἀρετὴν ζητῶν, καὶ ταύτην μετιών· καὶ ὅτι τί ἐστιν ἀρετὴ ἐπιμελῶς ἐρευνῶν, ὡς δι' αὐτῆς ἐγγίζων τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ τούτῳ νοερῶς συγγινόμενος. Τοῦτο γὰρ κυρίως, φρόνησις .... σοφία τε καὶ γνῶσις ἀψευδὴς, καὶ πλοῦτος ἀναφαίρετος, τὸ διὰ πρακτικῆς ἀρετῆς πρὸς θεωρίαν ἀνάγεσθαι τοῦ ποιήσαντος. Ἀρετὴ δὲ καλεῖται, διὰ τὸ αἱρεῖσθαι· αἱρετὴ γὰρ καὶ θελητὴ, διὰ τὸ αἱρετῶς καὶ αὐτεξουσίως τὸ ἀγαθὸν ποιεῖν ἡμᾶς, οὐχὶ ἀβουλήτως καὶ ἀναγκαστῶς· φρόνησις δὲ λέγεται, τὸ παρὰ τῷ νοῒ φέρειν τὰ ὠφέλιμα. 95.97 Εἰ βούλει δὲ, προσθήσωμεν τῷ ἀφελεῖ τούτῳ λόγῳ, ὡς χρυσοῦν ἐπισφράγισμα, καὶ περὶ τοῦ κατ' εἰκόνα, καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν, μικρὸν τοῦ τιμιωτάτου πάντων τῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ κτισμάτων, τὸ νοερὸν καὶ λογικὸν ζῶον ὁ ἄνθρωπος, μόνος ἐκ πάντων κατ'