Homily IV.

Matt. I. 17.

“So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations, and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are fourteen generations, and from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ are fourteen generations.”

He hath divided all the generations into three portions, to indicate that not even when their form of government was changed did they become better, but alike under an aristocracy, and under a king, and under an oligarchy, they were in the same evil ways, and whether popular leaders, or priests, or kings controlled them, it was no advantage to them in the way of virtue.

But wherefore hath he in the middle portion passed over three kings, and in the last, having set down twelve generations, affirmed them to be fourteen? The former question I leave for you to examine;140   See St. Jerome in loc.for neither is it needful for me to explain all things to you, lest ye should grow indolent: but the second we will explain.141   [St. Augustin’s Harmony of the Gospels, ii. 4; Nicene Fathers, vol. vi. pp. 105, 106, where the sum of the names (forty) is given a symbolical significance.—R.] To me then he seems in this place to be putting in the place of a generation, both the time of the captivity, and Christ Himself, by every means connecting Him with us. And full well doth he put us in mind of that captivity, making it manifest that not even when they went down thither, did they become more sober-minded; in order that from everything His coming may be shown to be necessary.

“Why then,” one may say, “doth not Mark do this, nor trace Christ’s genealogy, but utter everything briefly?” It seems to me that Matthew was before the rest in entering on the subject (wherefore he both sets down the genealogy with exactness, and stops at those things which require it): but that Mark came after him, which is why he took a short course, as putting his hand to what had been already spoken and made manifest.142   [But see Homily I. 5, 6, where the independence of the evangelists is emphasized.—R.]

How is it then that Luke not only traces the genealogy, but doth it through a greater number? As was natural, Matthew having led the way, he seeks to teach us somewhat in addition to former statements. And each too in like manner imitated his master; the one Paul, who flows fuller than any river; the other Peter, who studies brevity.

2. And what may be the reason that Matthew said not at the beginning, in the same way as the prophet, “the vision which I saw,” and “the word which came unto me”? Because he was writing unto men well disposed, and exceedingly attentive to him. For both the miracles that were done cried aloud, and they who received the word were exceeding faithful. But in the case of the prophets, there were neither so many miracles to proclaim them; and besides, the tribe of the false prophets, no small one, was riotously breaking in upon them: to whom the people of the Jews gave even more heed. This kind of opening therefore was necessary in their case.

And if ever miracles were done, they were done for the aliens’ sake, to increase the number of the proselytes; and for manifestation of God’s power, if haply their enemies having taken them captives, fancied they prevailed, because their own gods were mighty: like as in Egypt, out of which no small “mixed multitude”143   Exod. xii. 38; Jer. l. 37.went up; and, after that, in Babylon, what befell touching the furnace and the dreams. And miracles were wrought also, when they were by themselves in the wilderness; as also in our case: for among us too, when we had just come out of error, many wonderful works were shown forth; but afterwards they stayed, when in all countries true religion had taken root.

And what took place at a later period144   [Ε δ κα μετ τατα γγονεν.]were few and at intervals; for example, when the sun stood still in its course, and started back in the opposite direction. And this one may see to have occurred in our case also. For so even in our generation, in the instance of him who surpassed all in ungodliness, I mean Julian, many strange things happened. Thus when the Jews were attempting to raise up again the temple at Jerusalem, fire burst out from the foundations, and utterly hindered them all; and when both his treasurer,145   “The tyrant commanded the sacred vessels to be delivered up to the imperial treasury.…Into the Temple of God then,” at Antioch, “there entered, along with Julian the Prefect of the East, Felix the Steward of the Imperial Treasures…And they say that Julian grievously insulted the sacred table, and when Euzoius” (the Arian bishop) “endeavored to prevent him, he gave him a blow on the temple…Julian, however, presently fell into a grievous disease, and had his bowels wasted with a kind of mortification…and so came to an end of his life. Felix also for his part being afflicted with a scourge from God, had to vomit blood night and day from his mouth…until he also wasted away.” Theodoret. E H. iii. 8, 9, ed. Schulze. See also Sozom. E. H. v. 8. St. Chrys. Orat. in Babylam. t. v. p. 246, sub fin. where he says that Felix “burst asunder.”and his uncle and namesake, made the sacred vessels the subject of their open insolence, the one was “eaten with worms, and gave up the ghost,”146   Acts xii. 23, i. 18.the other “burst asunder in the midst.” Moreover, the fountains failing,147   He mentions this miracle too with the former ones, Hom. in Ps. cx. t. 1, 738; and in his first Hom. on St. Paul, t. 8, 44. “The fountains among us, whose current is stronger than the rivers, shrank suddenly and started back (a thing which never had occurred to them before), upon the Emperor’s attempting to defile the place with sacrifices and libations.”when sacrifices were made there, and the entrance of the famine into the cities together with the emperor himself, was a very great sign. For it is usual with God to do such things; when evils are multiplied, and He sees His own people afflicted, and their adversaries greatly intoxicated with their dominion over them, then to display His own power; which he did also in Persia with respect to the Jews.

3. Wherefore, that he was not acting without an object, or by chance, when he distributed Christ’s forefathers into three portions, is plain from what hath been said. And mark, too, whence he begins, and where he ends. From Abraham to David; from David to the captivity of Babylon; from this unto Christ Himself. For both at the beginning he put the two in close succession, David and Abraham, and also in summing up he mentions both in the same way. And this, because, as I have already said, it was to them that the promises were made.

But why can it be, that as he mentioned the captivity of Babylon, he did not mention also the descent into Egypt? Because they had ceased to be any longer afraid of the Egyptians, but the Babylonians they dreaded still. And the one thing was ancient, but the other fresh, and had taken place of late. And to the one they were carried down for no sins, but to the other, transgressions were the cause of their being removed.

And also with regard to the very names, if any one were to attempt to translate their etymologies, even thence would he derive great matter of divine speculation,148   θεωραν: the allegorical or mystical sense. See Suicer on the word; and St. Just. Mart. Cohort. ad Græc. p. 29. A. Ed. Morell. See also in the Catena Aurea, from St. Jerome, the interpretation of the names in our Lord’s genealogy.and such as is of great importance with regard to the New Testament: as, for instance, from Abraham’s name, from Jacob’s, from Solomon’s, from Zorobabel’s. For it was not without purpose that these names were given them. But lest we should seem to be wearisome by running out a great length, let us pass these things by, and proceed to what is urgent.

4. Having then mentioned all His forefathers, and ending with Joseph, he did not stop at this, but added, “Joseph the husband of Mary;” intimating that it was for her sake he traced his genealogy also. Then, lest when thou hast heard of the “husband of Mary,” thou shouldest suppose that Christ was born after the common law of nature, mark, how he sets it right by that which follows. “Thou hast heard,” saith he, “of an husband, thou hast heard of a mother, thou hast heard a name assigned to the child, therefore hear the manner too of the birth.” “The birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise.”149   Matt. i. 18.“Of what kind of birth art thou telling me, I pray thee, since thou hast already mentioned His ancestors?” “I still wish to tell thee the manner also of His birth.” Seest thou, how he wakens up the hearer? For as though he were about to speak of something unusual,150   [καιντερον.]he promises to tell also the manner thereof.

And observe a most admirable order in the things he hath mentioned. For he did not proceed directly to the birth, but puts us in mind first, how many generations he was from Abraham, how many from David, and from the captivity of Babylon; and thus he sets the careful hearer upon considering the times, to show that this is the Christ who was preached by the prophets. For when thou hast numbered the generations, and hast learnt by the time that this is He, thou wilt readily receive likewise the miracle which took place in His birth. Thus, being about to tell of a certain great thing, His birth of a virgin, he first shadows over the statement, until he hath numbered the generations, by speaking of “an husband of Mary;” or rather he doth even put in short space151   σντεμνει.the narration of the birth itself, and then proceeds to number also the years, reminding the hearer, that this is He, of whom the patriarch Jacob had said, He should then at length come, when the Jewish rulers had come to an end; of whom the prophet Daniel had proclaimed beforehand, that He should come after those many weeks. And if any one, counting the years spoken of to Daniel by the angel in a number of weeks, would trace down the time from the building of the city to His birth, by reckoning he will perceive the one to agree with the other.152   See the different opinions of the Fathers on these dates, in St. Jerome on Daniel ix.

5. How then was He born, I pray thee? “When as His mother Mary was espoused:”153   Matt. i. 18. He saith not “virgin,” but merely “mother;” so that his account is easy to be received. And so having beforehand prepared the hearer to look for some ordinary piece of information, and by this laying hold of him, after all he amazes him by adding the marvellous fact, saying, “Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost.” He saith not, “before she was brought to the bridegroom’s house;” for indeed she was therein. It being the way of the ancients for the most part to keep their espoused wives in their house:154   Gen. xix. 8, 14.in those parts, at least, where one may see the same practised even now. Thus also Lot’s sons-in-law were in his house with him. Mary then herself likewise was in the house with Joseph.

And wherefore did she not conceive before her espousal? It was, as I said at first, that what had been done might be concealed awhile, and that the Virgin might escape every evil suspicion. For when he, who had most right of all to feel jealousy, so far from making her a show, or degrading her, is found even receiving and cherishing her after her conception; it was quite clear that, unless he had fully persuaded himself that what was done was of the operation of the Holy Spirit, he would not have kept her with him, and ministered to her in all other things. And most properly hath he said, that “she was ‘found’ with child,” the sort of expression that is wont to be used with respect to things strange, and such as happen beyond all expectation, and are unlooked for.

Proceed therefore no further, neither require anything more than what hath been said; neither say thou, “But how was it that the Spirit wrought this of a virgin?” For if, when nature is at work, it is impossible to explain the manner of the formation; how, when the Spirit is working miracles, shall we be able to express these? And lest thou shouldest weary the evangelist, or disturb him by continually asking these things, he hath said who it was that wrought the miracle, and so withdrawn himself. “For I know,” saith he, “nothing more, but that what was done was the work of the Holy Ghost.”

6. Shame on them who busy themselves touching the generation on high. For if this birth, which hath witnesses without number, and had been proclaimed so long a time before, and was manifested and handled with hands, can by no man be explained; of what excess of madness do they come short who make themselves busy and curious touching that unutterable generation? For neither Gabriel nor Matthew was able to say anything more, but only that it was of the Spirit; but how, of the Spirit, or in what manner, neither of them hath explained; for neither was it possible.

Nor think that thou hast learnt all, by hearing “of the Spirit;” nay, for we are ignorant of many things, even when we have learnt this; as, for instance, how the Infinite is in a womb, how He that contains all things is carried, as unborn, by a woman; how the Virgin bears, and continues a virgin. How, I pray thee, did the Spirit frame that Temple? how did He take not all the flesh from the womb, but a part thereof, and increased it, and fashioned it? For that He did come forth of the Virgin’s flesh, He hath declared by speaking of “that which was conceived in her;”155   Gal. iv. 4.and Paul, by saying, “made of a woman;” whereby he stops the mouths of them156   i.e., the Valentinians and some other Gnostics. Theodoret, Ep. 145. “Valentinus, and Basilides, and Bardesanes, and Harmonius, and those of their company, allow indeed the Virgin’s conception and the birth, but affirm that God the Word took nothing of the Virgin, but in a manner made Himself a passage through her as through a conduit, and that in manifesting Himself to men He was employing a mere phantom, and only seeming to be a man; as He appeared to Abraham and certain other of the ancients.” S. Epiph. Hær. xxxi. 7. “They affirm that He brought down His body from Heaven, and that as water through a conduit, so He passed through the Virgin Mary taking nothing of His mother’s womb, but having His body from Heaven, as I said before.” Comp. Massuet’s 1st Dissert. prefixed to the Benedictine Irenæus, sec. 73. [Comp. the recovered work of Hippolytus (unknown when the Oxford translation was made), Refutation of all Heresies, Book VI., VII., Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. V. pp. 81 et sqq.—R.]that say, Christ came among us as through some conduit. For, if this were so, what need of the womb? If this were so, He hath nothing in common with us, but that flesh is of some other kind, and not of the mass which belongs to us. How then was He of the root of Jesse? How was He a rod? how Son of man? how was Mary His mother? how was He of David’s seed? how did he “take the form of a servant?”157   Phil. ii. 7.how “was the Word made flesh?”158   John i. 14.and how saith Paul to the Romans, “Of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is God over all?”159   Rom. ix. 5. Therefore that He was of us, and of our substance,160   φυρματο.and of the Virgin’s womb, is manifest from these things, and from others beside; but how, is not also manifest. Do not either thou then inquire; but receive what is revealed, and be not curious about what is kept secret.

7. “And Joseph her husband, being,” saith he “a just man, and not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily.”161   Matt. i. 19.

Having said that it was of the Holy Ghost, and without cohabitation, he establishes his statement in another way again.162   [The punctuation of the translation has here been conformed to that of the Greek text.—R.] Lest any one should say, “Whence doth this appear? Who hath heard, who hath seen any such thing ever come to pass?”—or lest you should suspect the disciple as inventing these things to favor his Master;—he introduces Joseph as contributing, by what he underwent, to the proof of the things mentioned; and by his narrative all but says, “If thou doubt me, and if thou suspect my testimony, believe her husband.” For “Joseph,” saith he, “her husband, being a just man.” By “a just man” in this place he means him that is virtuous in all things. For both freedom from covetousness is justice, and universal virtue is also justice;163   See Arist. Eth. Nicom. v. 1, 2.and it is mostly in this latter sense that the Scripture uses the name of justice; as when it saith, “a man that was just and true;”164   Job i. 1.and again, “they were both just.”165   Luke i. 6. Being then “just,” that is good and considerate, “he was minded to put her away privily.” For this intent he tells what took place before Joseph’s being fully informed, that thou mightest not mistrust what was done after he knew. However, such a one was not liable to be made a public example only, but that she should also be punished was the command of the law. Whereas Joseph remitted not only that greater punishment, but the less likewise, namely, the disgrace. For so far from punishing, he was not minded even to make an example of her. Seest thou a man under self-restraint, and freed from the most tyrannical of passions. For ye know how great a thing jealousy is: and therefore He said, to whom these things are clearly known, “For full of jealousy is the rage of a husband;”166   Prov. vi. 34.“he will not spare in the day of vengeance:” and “jealousy is cruel as the grave.”167   Cant. viii. 6. And we too know of many that have chosen to give up their lives rather than fall under the suspicion of jealousy. But in this case it was not so little as suspicion, the burden of the womb entirely convicting her. But nevertheless he was so free from passion as to be unwilling to grieve the Virgin even in the least matters. Thus, whereas to keep her in his house seemed like a transgression of the law, but to expose and bring her to trial would constrain him to deliver her to die; he doth none of these things, but conducts himself now by a higher rule than the law. For grace being come, there must needs henceforth be many tokens of that exalted citizenship. For as the sun, though as yet he show not his beams, doth from afar by his light illumine more than half168   [τ πλεον.]the world; so likewise Christ, when about to rise from that womb, even before He came forth, shone over all the world. Wherefore, even before her travail, prophets danced for joy, and women foretold what was to come, and John, when he had not yet come forth from the belly, leaped from the very womb. Hence also this man exhibited great self-command, in that he neither accused nor upbraided, but only set about putting her away.

8. The matter then being in this state, and all at their wits’ end,169   [πντων ν μηχαν καθεσττων.]the angel comes to solve all their difficulties. But it is worth inquiring, why the angel did not speak sooner, before the husband had such thoughts: but, “when he thought on it,” not until then, he came; for it is said, “While he thought on these things, the angel” comes. And yet to her he declares the good tidings even before she conceived. And this again contains another difficulty; for even though the angel had not spoken, wherefore was the Virgin silent, who had been informed by the angel; and why, when she saw her betrothed husband in trouble, did she not put an end to his perplexity?

Wherefore then did not the angel speak before Joseph became troubled. For we must needs explain the former difficulty first. For what reason then did he not speak? Lest Joseph should be unbelieving, and the same happen to him as to Zacharias. For when the thing was visible, belief was thenceforth easy; but when it had not yet a beginning, it was not equally easy to receive his saying. For this reason the angel spake not at the first, and through the same cause the Virgin too held her peace. For she did not think to obtain credit with her betrothed husband, in declaring to him a thing unheard of, but rather that she should provoke him the more, as though she were cloking a sin that had been committed. Since if she herself, who was to receive so great a favor, is affected somewhat after the manner of man, and saith, “How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?”170   Luke i. 34.much more would he have doubted; and especially when hearing it from the woman who was under suspicion. Wherefore the Virgin saith nothing to him, but the angel, the time demanding it, presents himself to him.

9. Why then, it may be asked, did he not so in the Virgin’s case also, and declare the good tidings to her after the conception? Lest she should be in agitation and great trouble. For it were likely that she, not knowing the certainty, might have even devised something amiss touching herself, and have gone on to strangle or to stab herself, not enduring the disgrace. For wondrous indeed was that Virgin, and Luke points out her excellency, saying, that when she heard the salutation, she did not straightway pour herself out,171   [That is, did not give way to her feeling, with loud cry, whether of joy or grief.—R.]neither did she accept the saying, but “was troubled,” seeking “what manner of salutation this might be.”172   Luke i. 29. Now she who was of such perfect delicacy would even have been distracted with dismay at the thought of her shame, not expecting, by whatever she might say, to convince any one who should hear of it, but that what had happened was adultery. Therefore to prevent these things, the angel came before the conception. Besides that, it was meet that womb should be free from trouble which the Maker of all things entered; and the soul rid of all perturbation, which was thought worthy to become the minister of such mysteries. For these reasons He speaks to the Virgin before the conception, but to Joseph at the time of travail.

And this many of the simpler sort, not understanding, have said there is a discordance; because Luke saith it was Mary to whom he declared the good tidings, but Matthew, that it was Joseph; not knowing that both took place. And this sort of thing it is necessary to bear in mind throughout the whole history; for in this way we shall solve many seeming discordances.

10. The angel then comes, when Joseph is troubled. For in addition to the causes mentioned, with a view also to the manifestation of his self-command, he defers his coming. But when the thing was on the point of taking place, then at last he presents himself. “While he thought on these things, an angel appeareth to Joseph in a dream.”173   Matt. i. 20.

Seest thou the mildness of the husband? So far from punishing, he did not even declare it to any one, no not even to her whom he suspected, but was thinking it over with himself, as aiming to conceal the cause even from the Virgin herself. For neither is it said that he was minded to “cast her out,” but to “put her away,” so very mild and gentle was the man. “But while he is thinking on these things, the angel appeareth in a dream.”

And why not openly, as to the shepherds, and to Zacharias, and to the Virgin? The man was exceedingly full of faith, and needed not this vision. Whereas the Virgin, as having declared to her very exceeding good tidings, greater than to Zacharias, and this before the event, needed also a marvellous vision; and the shepherds, as being by disposition rather dull and clownish.174   [ἀγροικικτερον, “more boorish.”—R.] But this man, after the conception,175   τν τκονοικονομουμενα.and wide the interval between the two men; wherefore neither was there need of rebuke.

But by saying, “fear not,” he signifies him to have been afraid, lest he should give offense to God, as retaining an adulteress; since, if it had not been for this, he would not have even thought of casting her out. In all ways then he points out that the angel came from God, bringing forward and setting before him all, both what he thought to do, and what he felt in his mind.

Now having mentioned her name, he stayed not at this, but added also, “thy wife;” whereas he would not have called her so, if she had been corrupted. And here he calls her that is espoused “a wife;” as indeed the Scripture is wont to call betrothed husbands sons-in-law even before marriage.

But what means, “to take unto thee?” To retain her in his house, for in intention she had been now put away by him. “Her, being put away, do thou retain,” saith he, “as committed unto thee by God, not by her parents. And He commits her not for marriage; but to dwell with thee; and by my voice doth He commit her.” Much as Christ Himself afterwards committed her to His disciple, so even now unto Joseph.

12. Then having obscurely signified the matter in hand, he mentioned not the evil suspicion; but, in a manner more reverent and seemly, by telling the cause of travail he removed this also; implying that the very thing which had made him afraid, and for which he would have cast her out,—this very thing, I say, was a just cause why he should take her and retain her in his house. Thus more than entirely176   ἐκ περιουσα, “superabundantly.”—R.]doing away with his distress. “For she is not only free,” saith he, “from unlawful intercourse, but even above all nature is her conception. Not only therefore put away thy fear, but even rejoice more exceedingly, ‘for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.’”

A strange thing it was which he spake of, surpassing man’s reason, and above all the laws of nature. How then is he to believe, to whom such tidings are altogether new? “By the things that are past,” saith he, “by the revelations.” For with this intent he laid open all things that were in his mind, what he felt, what he feared, what he was resolved to do;—that by these he might assure himself of this point.

Or rather, not by things past only, but like wise by things to come, he wins him over. “And she shall bring forth,” saith he, “a Son, and thou shalt call His name Jesus.”177   Matt. i. 21.“For do not thou, because He is of the Holy Ghost, imagine that thou art an alien to the ministry of this dispensation. Since although in the birth thou hast no part, but the Virgin abode untouched, nevertheless, what pertains to a father, not injuring the honor of virginity, that do I give thee, to set a Name on that which is born: for “thou shalt call Him.” For though the offspring be not thine, yet shalt thou exhibit a father’s care towards Him. Wherefore I do straightway, even from the giving of the name, connect thee with Him that is born.”

Then lest on the other hand any one should from this suspect him to be the father, hear what follows, with what exact care he states it. “She shall bring forth,” he saith, “a Son:” he doth not say, “bring forth to thee,” but merely “she shall bring forth,” putting it indefinitely:178   μετωρον.since not to him did she bring forth, but to the whole world.

13. For this cause too the angel came bringing His name from Heaven, hereby again intimating that this is a wondrous birth: it being God Himself who sends the name from above by the angel to Joseph. For neither was this without an object, but a treasure of ten thousand blessings. Wherefore the angel also interprets it, and suggests good hopes, in this way again leading him to belief. For to these things we are wont to be more inclined, and therefore are also fonder of believing them.

So having established his faith by all, by the past things, by the future, by the present, by the honor given to himself, he brings in the prophet also in good time, to give his suffrage in support of all these. But before introducing him, he proclaims beforehand the good things which were to befall the world through Him. And what are these? Sins removed and done away.179   [More literally, “Removal and destruction of sins.”—R.]“For He shall save His people from their sins.”

Here again the thing is signified to be beyond all expectation. For not from visible wars, neither from barbarians, but what was far greater than these, from sins, he declares the glad tidings of deliverance; a work which had never been possible to any one before.

But wherefore, one may ask, did he say, “His people,” and not add the Gentiles also? That he might not startle the hearer yet a while. For to him that listens with understanding he darkly signified the Gentiles too. For “His people” are not the Jews only, but also all that draw nigh and receive the knowledge that is from Him.

And mark how he hath by the way discovered to us also His dignity, by calling the Jewish nation “His people.” For this is the word of one implying nought else, but that He who is born is God’s child, and that the King of those on high is the subject of his discourse. As neither doth forgiving sins belong to any other power, but only to that single essence.

14. Forasmuch then as we have partaken of so great a gift, let us do everything not to dishonor such a benefit. For if even before this honor, what was done was worthy of punishment, much more now, after this unspeakable benefit. And this I say not now for no cause,180   [οχ πλ, here in the sense, “not generally, not at random.”—R.]but because I see many after their baptism living more carelessly than the uninitiated, and having nothing peculiar to distinguish them in their way of life. It is, you see, for this cause, that neither in the market nor in the Church is it possible to know quickly who is a believer and who an unbeliever; unless one be present at the time of the mysteries, and see the one sort put out, the others remaining within. Whereas they ought to be distinguished not by their place, but by their way of life. For as men’s outward181   ἔξωθεν. 1 Cor. v. 13.dignities are naturally to be discovered by the outward signs with which they are invested, so ours ought to be discernible by the soul. That is, the believer ought to be manifest not by the gift only, but also by the new life. The believer ought to be the light and salt of the world. But when thou dost not give light even to thyself, neither bind up thine own gangrene, what remains, whereby we are to know thee? Because thou hast entered the holy waters? Nay, this to thee becomes a store182   ἐφδιον.of punishment. For greatness of honor is, to them who do not choose to live worthy of the honor, an increase of vengeance. Yea, the believer ought to shine forth not only by what he hath received from God, but also by what he himself hath contributed; and should be discernible by everything, by his gait, by his look, by his garb, by his voice. And this I have said, not that display, but that the profit of beholders, may be the rule by which we frame ourselves.

15. But now, what things soever I might seek to recognize thee by, I find thee in all points distinguished by the contraries of the same. For whether by thy place I would fain discern thee, I see thee spending thy day in horse races, and theatres, and scenes of lawlessness, in the wicked assemblies in the market places, and in companies of depraved men; or by the fashion of thy countenance, I see thee continually laughing to excess, and dissolute as a grinning183   σεσηρυαν.and abandoned harlot; or by thy clothes, I see thee in no better trim than the people on the stage; or by thy followers, thou art leading about parasites and flatterers; or by thy words, I hear thee say nothing wholesome, nothing necessary, nothing of moment to our life; or by thy table, yet heavier from thence will the charge against thee appear.

By what then, tell me, am I to recognize the believer184   [πιστν. The translator sometimes, as in this instance, rendered the word “Christian.” For the sake of uniformity, “believer” has been substituted several times in this paragraph.—R.]in thee, while all the things I have mentioned give the contrary sentence? And why do I say, the believer? since I can not clearly make out whether thou art a man. For when thou art like an ass, kicking, and like a bull, wantoning, and like a horse neighing after women; when thou dost play the glutton like the bear, and pamper thy flesh as the mule, and bear malice like the camel;185   The Hebrew name προαιρσεω, deliberate choice.—R.]also?

Further, if I were bidding thee make another man gentle, not even so ought I to seem as one enjoining impossible things; however, thou mightest then object that thou hast not the control of another’s disposition, and that it doth not altogether rest with thee. But now it is thine own wild beast, and a thing which absolutely depends on thee. What plea then hast thou? or what fair excuse wilt thou be able to put forth, turning as thou art a lion into a man, and regardless that thou thyself art of a man becoming a lion; upon the beast bestowing what is above nature, but for thyself not even preserving what is natural? Yea, while the wild beasts are by thine earnest endeavors advanced into our noble estate, thou art by thyself cast down from the throne of the kingdom, and thrust out into their madness. Thus, imagine, if thou wilt, thy wrath to be a kind of wild beast, and as much zeal as others have displayed about lions, so much do thou in regard of thyself, and cause that way of taking things186   τν τοιοτον λογισμν.to become gentle and meek. Because this too hath grievous teeth and talons, and if thou tame it not, it will lay waste all things. For not even lion nor serpent hath such power to rend the vitals as wrath, with its iron talons continually doing so. Since it mars, we see, not the body only, but the very health likewise of the soul is corrupted by it, devouring, rending, tearing to pieces all its strength, and making it useless for everything. For if a man nourishing worms in his entrails, shall not be able so much as to breathe, his inward parts all wasting away; how shall we, having so large a serpent eating up all within us (it is wrath I mean), how, I say, shall we be able to produce anything noble?

17. How then are we to be freed from this pest? If we can drink a potion that is able to kill the worms within us and the serpents. “And of what nature,” it will be asked, “may this potion be, that hath such power?” The precious Blood of Christ, if it be received with full assurance,187   παησα. [“Boldness” or “confidence” would better express the meaning.—R.](for this will have power to extinguish every disease); and together with this the divine Scriptures carefully heard, and almsgiving added to our hearing; for by means of all these things we shall be enabled to mortify the affections that mar our soul. And then only shall we live; for now surely we are in no better state than the dead: forasmuch as it cannot be, that while those passions live, we should live too, but we must necessarily perish. And unless we first kill them here, they will be sure to kill us in the other life; or rather before that death they will exact of us, even here, the utmost penalty. Yes, for every such passion is both cruel and tyrannical and insatiable, and never ceases to devour us every day. For “their teeth are the teeth of a lion,”188   Joel i. 6.or rather even far more fierce. For the lion, as soon as ever he is satisfied, is wont to leave the carcass that hath fallen in his way; but these passions neither are satisfied, nor do they leave the man whom they have seized, until they have set him nigh the devil. For so great is their power, that the very service which Paul showed forth to Christ,189   Rom. viii. 38.despising both hell and the kingdom for His sake, even this same do they require of them whom they have seized. For whether it be with the love of women, or of riches, or of glory, that any one is entangled, he laughs at hell thenceforth, and despises the kingdom, that he may work the will of these. Let us not then doubt Paul when he saith that he so loved Christ. For when some are found so doing service to their passions, how should that other afterwards seem incredible? Yea, and this is the reason why our longing for Christ is feebler, because all our strength is consumed on this love, and we rob, and defraud, and are slaves to vainglory; than which what can be more worthless?

For though thou shouldest become infinitely conspicuous, thou wilt be nothing better than the base: rather for this selfsame cause thou wilt even be baser. For when they who are willing to give thee glory, and make thee illustrious, do for this very cause ridicule thee, that thou desirest the glory which comes of them, how can such instances fail to turn the contrary way in regard of thee. For indeed this thing is among those which attract censure. So that even as in the case of one desiring to commit adultery or fornication, should any one praise or flatter him, by this very act he becomes an accuser rather than a commender of the person indulging such desires: so with regard to him who is desirous of glory; when we all praise, it is accusation rather than praise which we bestow on those who wish to be made glorious.

18. Why then bring upon thyself that, from which the very opposite is wont to befall thee. Yea, if thou wilt be glorified, despise glory; so shalt thou be more illustrious than any. Why feel as Nebuchadnezzar felt? For he too set up an image, thinking from wood and from a senseless figure to procure to himself an increase of fame, and the living would fain appear more glorious by the help of that which hath no life. Seest thou the excess of his madness; how, thinking to do honor, he rather offered insult, to himself? For when it appears that he is relying rather on the lifeless thing, than on himself and the soul that lives in him, and when for this cause he advances the stock unto such high precedence, how can he be other than ridiculous, endeavoring as he doth to adorn himself, not by his way of living, but by planks of wood? Just as if a man should think proper to give himself airs, because of the pavement of his house, and his beautiful staircase rather than because he is a man. Him do many too amongst us imitate now. For as he for his image, so some men claim to be admired for their clothes, others for their house; or for their mules and chariots, and for the columns in their house. For inasmuch as they have lost their being as men, they go about gathering to themselves from other quarters such glory as is full of exceeding ridicule.

But as to the noble and great servants of God, not by these means, but by such as best became them, even by such did they shine forth. For captives as they were, and slaves, and youths, and strangers, and stripped of all resources of their own, they proved at that time far more awful than he who was invested with all these things. And while Nebuchadnezzar found neither so great an image, nor satraps, nor captains of the host, nor endless legions, nor abundance of gold, nor other pomp, enough to meet his desire, and to show him great; to these, on the other hand, stripped of all this, their high self-restraint alone was sufficient, and showed him that wore the diadem and the purple, as much inferior in glory to those who had no such thing, as the sun is more glorious than a pearl.190   μαργάρου. For they were led forth in the midst of the whole world, being at once youths, and captives, and slaves, and straightway on their appearance the king darted fire from his eyes, and captains, and deputies, and governors, and the whole amphitheatre of the devil, stood around; and a voice of pipes from all sides, and of trumpets, and of all music, borne up to Heaven, was sounding in their ears, and the furnace burned up to a boundless height, and the flame reached the very clouds, and all was full of terror and dismay. But none of these things dismayed them, but they laughed it all to scorn, as they would children mocking them, and exhibited their courage and meekness, and uttering a voice clearer than those trumpets, they said, “Be it known unto thee, O king.”191   Dan. iii. 18. For they did not wish to affront the king, no not so much as by a word, but to declare their religion192   [εσβειαν.]only. For which cause, neither did they extend their speech to any great length, but set forth all briefly; “For there is,” say they, “a God in Heaven, who is able to deliver us,”193   Dan. iii. 17.“why showest thou me the multitude? why the furnace? why the sharpened swords? why the terrible guards? our Lord is higher and more mighty than all these.”

Then when they considered that it was possible that God might be willing even to permit them to be burnt; lest, if this should come to pass, they might seem to be speaking falsehoods; they add this also and say, “If this happen not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we serve not thy gods.”194   Dan. iii. 18. For had they said, “Sins are the cause of His not delivering us, should He fail to deliver,” they would not have been believed. Wherefore in this place they are silent on that subject, though they speak of it in the furnace, again and again alleging their sins. But before the king they say no such thing; only, that though they were to be burnt, they would not give up their religion.

For it was not for rewards and recompenses that they did what they did, but out of love alone; and yet they were in captivity too, and in slavery, and had enjoyed no good thing. Yea, they had lost their country, and their freedom, and all their possessions. For tell me not of their honors in the king’s courts, for holy and righteous as they were, they would have chosen ten thousand times rather to have been beggars at home, and to have been partakers of the blessings in the temple. “For I had rather,” it is said, “be an outcast195   παραιπτεσθαι, i.e., be a worshipper outside the courts. Our marginal translation is, “I would choose rather to sit at the threshold.” [The R.V. margin is, “I had rather stand at the threshold.”—R.]in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of sinners.” And “one day in thy courts is better than thousands.”196   Ps. lxxxiv. 10, LXX. They would have chosen then ten thousand times rather to be outcasts at home, than kings in Babylon. And this is manifest, from what they declare even in the furnace, grieving at their continuance in that country. For although themselves enjoyed great honors, yet seeing the calamities of the rest they were exceedingly vexed; and this kind of thing is most especially characteristic of saints, that no glory, nor honor, nor anything else should be more precious to them than their neighbor’s welfare. See, for example, how even when they were in a furnace, they made their supplication for all the people. But we not even when at large bear our brethren in mind. And again, when they were inquiring about the dreams,197   Dan. ii. 17, 18.they were looking “not to their own but the common good,”198   Phil. ii. 4; 1 Cor. x. 33.for that they despised death they showed by many things afterwards. But everywhere they put themselves forward, as wishing to prevail199   δυσωπσαι.with God by importunity. Next, as not accounting themselves either to be sufficient, they flee to the Fathers; but of themselves they said that they offer nothing more than “a contrite spirit.”200   Song of the Three Children, v. 16.

19. These men then let us also imitate. Because now too there is set up a golden image, even the tyranny of Mammon. But let us not give heed to the timbrels, nor to the flutes, nor to the harps, nor to the rest of the pomp of riches; yea, though we must needs fall into a furnace of poverty, let us choose it, rather than worship that idol, and there will be “in the midst a moist whistling wind.”201   Song of the Three Children, v. 26. [The Greek phrase, δρσο διασυρζουσα, literally means, “a dew continually whistling.” Chrysostom refers several times in what follows to the “dew,” having this citation in mind.—R.] Let us not then shudder at hearing of “a furnace of poverty.” For so too at that time they that fell into the furnace were shewn the more glorious, but they that worshipped were destroyed. Only then all took place at once, but in this case some part will be accomplished here, some there, some both here and in the day that is to come. For they that have chosen poverty, in order that they might not worship mammon, will be more glorious both here and then, but they that have been rich unjustly here, shall then pay the utmost penalty.

From this furnace Lazarus too went forth, not less glorious than those children; but the rich man who was in the place of them that worshipped the image, was condemned to hell.202   Gehenna. [But in Luke xvi. 23, “Hades” occurs. The context in the Gospel, however, justifies the interpretation of the passage given here.—R.] For indeed what we have now mentioned was a type of this. Wherefore as in this instance they who fell into the furnace suffered no hurt, but they who sat without were laid hold of with great fierceness, so likewise shall it be then. The saints walking through the river of fire shall suffer no pain, nay they will even appear joyous; but they that have worshipped the image, shall see the fire rest upon them fiercer than any wild beast, and draw them in. So that if any one disbelieves hell, when he sees this furnace, let him from the things present believe things to come, and fear not the furnace of poverty, but the furnace of sin. For this is flame and torment, but that, dew203   [See note 11, (p. 29).—R.]and refreshment; and by this stands the devil, by that, angels wafting aside the flame.

20. These things let them hear that are rich, that are kindling the furnace of poverty. For though they shall not hurt those others, “the dew”204   [See note 11, (p. 29).—R.]coming to their aid; yet themselves they will render an easy prey to the flame, which they have kindled with their own hands.

Then, an angel went down with those children; now, let us go down with205   συγκαταβμεν, “condescend.”them that are in the furnace of poverty, and by alms-deeds let us make a “dewy air,”206   [See note 11, (p. 29).—R.]and waft the flame quite aside, that we may be partakers of their crowns also; that the flames of hell may likewise be scattered by the voice of Christ saying, “Ye saw me an hungered, and fed me.”207   Matt. xxv. 35. For that voice shall then be with us instead of a “moist wind whistling”208   [See note 11, (p. 29).—R.]through the midst of the flame. Let us then go down with alms-giving, unto the furnace of poverty; let us behold them that in self-restraint walk therein, and trample on the burning coals; let us behold the marvel, strange and beyond thought, a man singing praise in a furnace, a man giving thanks in fire, chained unto extreme poverty, yet offering much praise to Christ. Since they, who bear poverty with thankfulness, really become equal to those children. For no flame is so terrible as poverty, nor so apt to set us on fire. But those children were not set on fire; rather, on their giving thanks to the Lord, their bonds too were at once loosed. So likewise now, if when thou hast fallen into poverty, thou art thankful, both the bonds are loosened, and the flame extinguished; or though it be not extinguished (what is much more marvellous), it becomes a fountain instead of a flame: which then likewise came to pass, and in the midst of a furnace they enjoyed a pure dew. For the fire indeed it quenched not, but the burning of those cast in it altogether hindered. This one may see in their case also who live by the rules of wisdom,209   [τν φιλοσοφοντων.]for they, even in poverty, feel more secure than the rich.

Let us not therefore sit down without the furnace, feeling no pity towards the poor; lest the same befall us as then befell those executioners. For if thou shouldest go down to them, and take thy stand with the children, the fire will no longer work thee any harm; but if thou shouldest sit above and neglect them in the flame of their poverty, the flame will burn thee up. Go down therefore into the fire, that thou mayest not be burnt up by the fire; sit not down without the fire, lest the flame catch hold of thee. For if it should find thee amongst the poor, it will depart from thee; but if alienated from them, it will run upon thee quickly, and catch thee. Do not therefore stand off from them that are cast in, but when the devil gives command to cast them that have not worshipped gold into the furnace of poverty, be not thou of them that cast others in, but of them that are cast in; that thou mayest be of the number of the saved, and not of the burned. For indeed it is a most effectual dew, to be held in no subjection by desire of wealth, to be associate with poor persons. These are wealthier than all, who have trampled under foot the desire of riches. Forasmuch as those children too, by despising the king at that time, became more glorious than the king. And thou therefore, if thou despise the things of the world, shalt become more honorable than all the world; like those holy men, “of whom the world was not worthy.”210   Heb. xi. 38.

In order then to become worthy of the things in Heaven, I bid thee laugh to scorn things present. For in this way thou shalt both be more glorious here, and enjoy the good things to come, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ; to whom be glory and might for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Δʹ. Πᾶσαι οὖν αἱ γενεαὶ ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἕως Δαυῒδ, γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες: καὶ ἀπὸ Δαυῒδ ἕως τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος, γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες: καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος ἕως τοῦ Χριστοῦ, γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες. αʹ. Εἰς τρεῖς διεῖλε μερίδας τὰς γενεὰς ἁπάσας, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδὲ τῶν πολιτειῶν μεταβληθεισῶν ἐγένοντο βελτίους, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀριστοκρατούμενοι, καὶ βασιλευόμενοι, καὶ ὀλιγαρχούμενοι, ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἦσαν κακοῖς: καὶ οὔτε δημαγωγῶν, οὔτε ἱερέων, οὔτε βασιλέων αὐτοὺς διεπόντων, ἔσχον τι πλέον εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν ἐν μὲν τῇ μέσῃ μερίδι τρεῖς παρέδραμε βασιλεῖς, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐσχάτῃ δώδεκα θεὶς γενεὰς, δεκατέσσαρας αὐτὰς εἶναι ἔφησε; Τὸ μὲν πρότερον ὑμῖν ἀφίημι ζητεῖν: οὐδὲ γὰρ πάντα ἐπιλύειν ὑμῖν ἀναγκαῖον, ἵνα μὴ ἀναπέσητε: τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ἡμεῖς ἐροῦμεν. Ἐμοὶ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα δοκεῖ καὶ τὸν χρόνον τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἐν τάξει γενεᾶς τιθέναι, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν Χριστὸν, πανταχόθεν συνάπτων ἡμῖν αὐτόν. Ἀναμιμνήσκει δὲ καὶ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἐκείνης καλῶς, δηλῶν ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐκεῖ κατελθόντες, ἐγένοντο σωφρονέστεροι: ὥστε πάντοθεν ἀναγκαίαν φανῆναι τὴν αὐτοῦ παρουσίαν. Τί οὖν ὁ Μάρκος, φησὶν, οὐ ποιεῖ τοῦτο, οὐδὲ γενεαλογεῖ τὸν Χριστὸν, ἀλλ' ἐπιτόμως ἅπαντα φθέγγεται; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ ὁ μὲν Ματθαῖος πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἦρχθαι τοῦ πράγματος: διὸ καὶ τὴν γενεαλογίαν τίθησι μετὰ ἀκριβείας, καὶ πρὸς τὰ κατεπείγοντα ἵσταται: ὁ δὲ Μάρκος μετ' ἐκεῖνον, διὸ ἐπὶ σύντομον ἦλθεν ὁδὸν, ἅτε τοῖς ἤδη λεχθεῖσι καὶ δήλοις ἔθνος, οἷς καὶ μᾶλλον προσεῖχεν ὁ τῶν Ἰουδαίων δῆμος. Διόπερ ἀναγκαῖος οὗτος τῶν προοιμίων ὁ τρόπος ἦν παρ' αὐτοῖς. Εἰ δέ ποτε καὶ ἐγένετο σημεῖα, τῶν βαρβάρων ἕνεκεν ἐγένετο, ὥστε πολλοὺς γενέσθαι τοὺς προσηλύτους, καὶ εἰς ἔνδειξιν τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δυνάμεως, εἴ ποτε αὐτοὺς οἱ πολέμιοι λαβόντες, ὡς τῶν παρ' αὐτοῖς θεῶν ἰσχυρῶν ὄντων, ἐνόμισαν κεκρατηκέναι: καθάπερ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, ὅθεν καὶ πολὺς ὁ σύμμικτος ἀνέβη: καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐν Βαβυλῶνι, τὰ κατὰ τὴν κάμινον καὶ τὰ ὀνείρατα. Ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ ἡνίκα καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἦσαν, σημεῖα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καθάπερ καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν, ἡνίκα τῆς πλάνης ἐξῄειμεν, πολλὰ θαύματα ἐδείχθη: μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔστη, πανταχοῦ τῆς εὐσεβείας φυτευθείσης. Εἰ δὲ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα γέγονεν, ὀλίγα καὶ σποράδην: οἷον, ἡνίκα ὁ ἥλιος ἔστη τοῦ γεγενημένοις ἐπιχειρῶν. Πῶς οὖν ὁ Λουκᾶς, καὶ γενεαλογεῖ, καὶ διὰ πλειόνων τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Ἅτε τοῦ Ματθαίου προοδοποιήσαντος, βούλεταί τι τῶν εἰρημένων διδάξαι πλέον ἡμᾶς. Καὶ ἕκαστος δὲ ὁμοίως τὸν διδάσκαλον ἐμιμήσατο: ὁ μὲν τὸν Παῦλον, ὑπὲρ τοὺς ποταμοὺς ῥέοντα: ὁ δὲ τὸν Πέτρον, βραχυλογίας ἐπιμελούμενον. Καὶ τί δήποτε ἀρχόμενος ὁ Ματθαῖος οὐκ εἶπεν, ὥσπερ ὁ προφήτης: Ὅρασις ἢν εἶδον: καὶ, Ὁ λόγος ὁ γενόμενος πρός με; Ὅτι πρὸς εὐγνώμονας ἔγραφε, καὶ σφόδρα αὐτῷ προσέχοντας. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὰ γενόμενα θαύματα ἐβόα, καὶ οἱ δεχόμενοι σφόδρα ἦσαν πιστοί. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν προφητῶν οὔτε θαύματα ἦν τοσαῦτα αὐτοὺς ἀνακηρύττοντα, καὶ πολὺ τὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν ἐπεκώμαζεν δρόμου, καὶ πάλιν ἀνεχαίτισεν εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω. Ἴδοι δ' ἄν τις τοῦτο καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γεγενημένον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ, ἐπὶ τοῦ πάντας ἀσεβείᾳ νικήσαντος Ἰουλιανοῦ, πολλὰ καὶ παράδοξα συνέβη. Καὶ γὰρ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ναὸν ἀναστῆσαι ἐπιχειρούντων, πῦρ τῶν θεμελίων ἐκπηδῆσαν ἅπαντας διεκώλυσε: καὶ ὅτε ἐπὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἱερὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ παροινίαν ἐπεδείξατο ὅ τε ταμίας, ὅ τε θεῖος καὶ ὁμώνυμος ἐκείνου, ὁ μὲν σκοληκόβρωτος γενόμενος ἐξέψυξεν, ὁ δὲ ἐλάκισε μέσος: καὶ τὸ τὰς πηγὰς δὲ ἐπιλιπεῖν, θυσιῶν ἐκεῖ γενομένων, καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ βασιλέως τὸν λιμὸν εἰς τὰς πόλεις συνεμπεσεῖν, σημεῖον μέγιστον ἦν. βʹ. Ἔθος γὰρ τοιαῦτα ποιεῖν τῷ Θεῷ: ὅταν αὐξηθῇ τὰ κακὰ, καὶ τοὺς μὲν αὐτοῦ κακουμένους ἴδῃ, τοὺς δὲ ἐναντίους σφόδρα τῇ κατ' αὐτῶν τυραννίδι μεθύοντας, τότε τὴν οἰκείαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι δυναστείαν: ὃ καὶ ἐν Περσίδι πεποίηκεν ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχε ποιῶν, εἰς τρεῖς μοίρας τοὺς προγόνους διένειμε τοῦ Χριστοῦ, δῆλον ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων. Σκόπει δὲ καὶ πόθεν ἄρχεται, καὶ ποῦ τελευτᾷ: Ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ εἰς τὸν Δαυΐδ: ἀπὸ τοῦ Δαυῒδ εἰς τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος: ἀπὸ ταύτης εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν Χριστόν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀρχόμενος τοὺς δύο τέθεικεν ἐφεξῆς, τόν τε Δαυῒδ καὶ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ἀνακεφαλαιούμενος ἀμφοτέρων ἐμνημόνευσεν ὁμοίως. Καὶ γὰρ, ὅπερ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἦσαν αἱ ἐπαγγελίαι γεγενημέναι. Τί δήποτε δὲ, ὥσπερ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος ἐμνήσθη, οὐκ ἐμνήσθη καὶ τῆς καθόδου τῆς εἰς Αἴγυπτον; Ὅτι ἐκείνους μὲν οὐκέτι ἐδεδοίκεσαν, τούτους δὲ ἔτρεμον ἔτι: καὶ τὸ μὲν ἀρχαῖον ἦν, τὸ δὲ νεαρὸν καὶ ἄρτι γεγενημένον: κἀκεῖ μὲν οὐ δι' ἁμαρτήματα κατηνέχθησαν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ διὰ παρανομίας ἀπηνέχθησαν. Εἰ δέ τις καὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν τὰς ἑρμηνείας μεταβαλεῖν ἐπιχειρήσειε, πολλὴν εὑρήσει καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν θεωρίαν οὖσαν, καὶ μεγάλα πρὸς τὴν Καινὴν συντελοῦσαν Διαθήκην: οἷον, ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ, ἀπὸ τοῦ Σολομῶνος, ἀπὸ τοῦ Ζοροβάβελ: οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ταῦτα αὐτοῖς ἐπετίθετο τὰ ὀνόματα. Ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ δόξωμεν πολὺ μῆκος ποιοῦντες ἐνοχλεῖν, ταῦτα παρέντες ἐπὶ τὰ κατεπείγοντα ἴωμεν. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τοὺς προγόνους ἅπαντας, καὶ τελευτήσας εἰς τὸν Ἰωσὴφ, οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν: Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας: δεικνὺς ὅτι δι' ἐκείνην καὶ τοῦτον ἐγενεαλόγησεν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ἀκούσας Ἄνδρα Μαρίας, τῷ κοινῷ νομίσῃς τετέχθαι τῆς φύσεως νόμῳ, σκόπει πῶς αὐτὸ διορθοῦται τῇ ἐπαγωγῇ. Ἤκουσας, φησὶν, ἄνδρα, ἤκουσας μητέρα, ἤκουσας ὄνομα τῷ παιδίῳ τεθέν: οὐκοῦν ἄκουε καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς γεννήσεως. Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ γέννησις οὕτως ἦν. Ποίαν μοι γέννησιν λέγεις; εἰπέ μοι: καίτοιγε τοὺς προγόνους εἶπας. Ἀλλὰ βούλομαι καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς γεννήσεως εἰπεῖν. Εἶδες πῶς διανέστησε τὸν ἀκροατήν; Ὡς γὰρ μέλλων τι καινότερον ἐρεῖν, ἐπαγγέλλεται καὶ τὸν τρόπον λέγειν. Καὶ σκόπει τῶν εἰρημένων ἀκολουθίαν ἀρίστην. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εὐθέως ἐπὶ τὴν γέννησιν ἦλθεν, ἀλλ' ἀναμιμνήσκει πρῶτον ἡμᾶς, πόστος ἦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, πόστος ἀπὸ τοῦ Δαυῒδ, ἀπὸ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ τὸν ἀκριβῆ διὰ τούτων ἀκροατὴν εἰς ἐξέτασιν ἐμβάλλει τῶν χρόνων, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ διὰ τῶν Προφητῶν κηρυχθείς. Ὅταν γὰρ ἀριθμήσῃς τὰς γενεὰς, καὶ μάθῃς ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου, ὅτι οὗτος ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν, εὐκόλως δέξῃ καὶ τὸ θαῦμα τὸ περὶ τὴν γέννησιν συμβάν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλε μέγα τι φθέγγεσθαι, ὅτι ἐκ Παρθένου ἐτέχθη, πρὶν ἢ μὲν ἀριθμῆσαι τὸν χρόνον, συσκιάζει τὸ εἰρημένον, Ἄνδρα Μαρίας, εἰπὼν, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ συντέμνει τὴν διήγησιν αὐτῆς τῆς γεννήσεως: ἀριθμεῖ δὲ καὶ τὰ ἔτη λοιπὸν, ἀναμιμνήσκων τὸν ἀκροατὴν, ὅτι οὗτος ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν, ὃν ὁ πατριάρχης Ἰακὼβ, ἐπιλιπόντων λοιπὸν τῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν ἀρχόντων, παρέσεσθαι ἔφησεν: ὃν ὁ προφήτης Δανιὴλ μετὰ τὰς ἑβδομάδας τὰς πολλὰς ἐκείνας ἥξειν προανεφώνησε. Κἂν ἐθελήσῃ τις τὰ ἔτη ταῦτα τὰ ἐν ἑβδομάδων ἀριθμῷ παρὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου εἰρημένα τῷ Δανιὴλ ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τῆς πόλεως ἀριθμῶν καταβῆναι εἰς τὴν αὐτοῦ γέννησιν, ὄψεται ταῦτα ἐκείνοις συμφωνοῦντα. Πῶς οὖν ἐγεννήθη, εἰπέ; Μνηστευθείσης τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας. Οὐκ εἶπε, Παρθένου, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς, Μητρὸς, ὥστε εὐπαράδεκτον γενέσθαι τὸν λόγον. Διὸ πρότερον παρασκευάσας προσδοκᾷν τὸν ἀκροατὴν ἀκούσεσθαί τι τῶν συνήθων, καὶ κατασχὼν τούτῳ, τότε ἐκπλήττει τῇ τοῦ παραδόξου πράγματος ἐπαγωγῇ, λέγων, ὅτι Πρὶν ἢ συνελθεῖν αὐτοὺς, εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα ἐκ Πνεύματος ἁγίου. Οὐκ εἶπε: Πρὶν ἢ ἀχθῆναι αὐτὴν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ νυμφίου: καὶ γὰρ ἔνδον ἦν. Ἔθος γὰρ τοῖς παλαιοῖς ὡς τὰ πολλὰ ἐν οἰκίᾳ τὰς μεμνηστευμένας ἔχειν, ὅπου γε καὶ νῦν τοῦτο γινόμενον ἴδοι τις ἄν: καὶ οἱ γαμβροὶ δὲ τοῦ Λὼτ ἔνδον ἦσαν μετ' αὐτοῦ. Ἔνδον οὖν καὶ αὐτὴ μετὰ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ἦν. γʹ. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐ πρὸ τῆς μνηστείας ἐκύησεν; Ἵνα, ὅπερ ἔφην ἐξ ἀρχῆς, συσκιασθῇ τὸ γινόμενον τέως, καὶ ἵνα πᾶσαν πονηρὰν διαφύγῃ ἡ Παρθένος ὑπόνοιαν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ ζηλοτυπεῖν ὀφείλων μάλιστα πάντων φαίνηται μὴ μόνον ἐκπομπεύων αὐτὴν, μηδὲ ἀτιμάζων, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεχόμενος καὶ θεραπεύων μετὰ τὴν κύησιν, εὔδηλον ὅτι εἰ μὴ σαφῶς ἦν πεπεικὼς ἑαυτὸν, ὅτι ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐνεργείας τὸ γεγεννημένον, οὐκ ἂν κατέσχε, καὶ τἄλλα πάντα ὑπηρέτησε. Κυρίως δὲ σφόδρα καὶ τὸ, Εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα, τέθεικεν: ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῶν παραδόξων, καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδα πᾶσαν ἐκβαινόντων, καὶ οὐ προσδοκωμένων λέγεσθαι εἴωθε. Μὴ τοίνυν περαιτέρω χώρει, μηδὲ ζήτει πλέον τι τῶν εἰρημένων, μηδὲ λέγε: Καὶ πῶς τὸ Πνεῦμα εἰργάσατο τοῦτο ἐκ παρθένου; Εἰ γὰρ τῆς φύσεως ἐργαζομένης ἀδύνατον ἑρμηνεῦσαι τῆς διαπλάσεως τὸν τρόπον, πῶς τοῦ Πνεύματος θαυματουργοῦντος δυνησόμεθα ταῦτα εἰπεῖν; Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ κόπτῃς τὸν εὐαγγελιστὴν, μηδὲ ἐνοχλῇς συνεχῶς ταῦτα ἐρωτῶν, εἰπὼν τὸν ἐργασάμενον τὸ θαῦμα, ἀπηλλάγη. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οἶδα, φησὶ, πλέον, ἀλλ' ἢ ὅτι ἐκ Πνεύματος ἁγίου γέγονε τὸ γεγενημένον. Αἰσχυνέσθωσαν οἱ τὴν ἄνω περιεργαζόμενοι γέννησιν. Εἰ γὰρ ταύτην τὴν μυρίους ἔχουσαν μάρτυρας, καὶ πρὸ τοσούτων ἀνακηρυχθεῖσαν χρόνων, καὶ φανεῖσαν, καὶ ψηλαφηθεῖσαν, οὐδεὶς ἑρμηνεῦσαι δύναται, ποίαν καταλείπουσι μανίας ὑπερβολὴν οἱ τὴν ἀπόῤῥητον ἐκείνην περιεργαζόμενοι καὶ πολυπραγμονοῦντες; Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Γαβριὴλ, οὐδὲ ὁ Ματθαῖος ἐδυνήθησάν τι πλέον εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἢ ὅτι ἐκ Πνεύματος μόνον: τὸ δὲ, πῶς ἐκ Πνεύματος, καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ, οὐδεὶς τούτων ἡρμήνευσεν: οὐδὲ γὰρ δυνατὸν ἦν. Μηδὲ νομίσῃς τὸ πᾶν μεμαθηκέναι, ἐκ Πνεύματος ἀκούων: καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ ἀγνοοῦμεν ἔτι, καὶ τοῦτο μανθάνοντες: οἷον, πῶς ὁ ἄπειρος ἐν μήτρᾳ ἐστί: πῶς ὁ πάντα συνέχων κυοφορεῖται ὑπὸ γυναικός: πῶς τίκτει ἡ Παρθένος, καὶ μένει παρθένος. Πῶς ἔπλασεν, εἰπέ μοι, τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸν ναὸν ἐκεῖνον; πῶς οὐ πᾶσαν τὴν σάρκα ἀπὸ τῆς μήτρας ἔλαβεν, ἀλλὰ μέρος αὐτῆς, καὶ ηὔξησε καὶ διετύπωσεν; Ὅτι μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς τῆς Παρθένου προῆλθεν, ἐδήλωσεν εἰπών: Τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθέν: καὶ ὁ Παῦλος, Γενόμενος ἐκ γυναικός: ἐπιστομίζων τοὺς λέγοντας, ὅτι ὥσπερ διά τινος σωλῆνος παρῆλθεν ὁ Χριστός. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἦν, τίς χρεία τῆς μήτρας; Εἰ τοῦτο ἦν, οὐδὲν ἔχει κοινὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς: ἀλλ' ἄλλη τίς ἐστιν ἐκείνη ἡ σὰρξ, οὐ τοῦ φυράματος τοῦ ἡμετέρου. Πῶς οὖν ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἰεσσαί; πῶς δὲ ῥάβδος; πῶς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου; πῶς δὲ μήτηρ ἡ Μαριάμ; πῶς ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυΐδ; πῶς μορφὴν δούλου ἔλαβε; πῶς Ὁ Λόγος ἐγένετο σάρξ; πῶς δὲ Ῥωμαίοις φησὶν ὁ Παῦλος: Ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων Θεός; Ὅτι μὲν οὖν ἐξ ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ φυράματος τοῦ ἡμετέρου, καὶ τῆς μήτρας τῆς παρθενικῆς, δῆλον ἐκ τούτων καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρων πλειόνων: τὸ δὲ πῶς, οὐκέτι δῆλον. Μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ σὺ ζήτει, ἀλλὰ δέχου τὸ ἀποκαλυφθὲν, καὶ μὴ περιεργάζου τὸ σιγηθέν. Ἰωσὴφ δὲ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς, δίκαιος ὢν, φησὶ, καὶ μὴ θέλων αὐτὴν παραδειγματίσαι, ἠβουλήθη λάθρα ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν. Εἰπὼν ὅτι ἐκ Πνεύματος ἁγίου, καὶ συνουσίας χωρὶς, καὶ ἑτέρωθεν κατασκευάζει τὸν λόγον. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις λέγῃ, Πόθεν τοῦτο δῆλον; τίς εἶδε, τίς ἤκουσε τοιοῦτόν τί ποτε συμβεβηκός; μηδὲ ὑποπτεύσῃς τὸν μαθητὴν, ὡς χαριζόμενον τῷ διδασκάλῳ, ταῦτα πλάττοντα, εἰσάγει τὸν Ἰωσὴφ, δι' ὧν ἔπαθε, πρὸς τὴν τῶν εἰρημένων συντελοῦντα πίστιν, μονονουχὶ λέγων δι' ὧν ἀπαγγέλλει: Εἰ ἀπιστεῖς ἐμοὶ, καὶ ὑποπτεύεις μου τὴν μαρτυρίαν, πίστευσον τῷ ἀνδρί. Ἰωσὴφ γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς, δίκαιος ὤν. Δίκαιον ἐνταῦθα τὸν ἐνάρετον ἐν ἅπασι λέγει. Ἔστι μὲν γὰρ δικαιοσύνη καὶ τὸ μὴ πλεονεκτεῖν: ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ καθόλου ἀρετή: καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὶ τούτου τῇ τῆς δικαιοσύνης προσηγορίᾳ κέχρηται ἡ Γραφὴ, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Ἄνθρωπος δίκαιος, ἀληθινός: καὶ πάλιν, Ἦσαν δὲ δίκαιοι ἀμφότεροι. δʹ. Δίκαιος οὖν ὢν, τουτέστι, χρηστὸς καὶ ἐπιεικὴς, ἠβουλήθη λάθρα ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν. Διὰ τοῦτο λέγει τὸ συμβὰν πρὸ τῆς γνώσεως, ἵνα μὴ ἀπιστήσῃς τοῖς μετὰ τὴν γνῶσιν γεγενημένοις. Καίτοιγε οὐ παραδειγματισμοῦ μόνον ὑπεύθυνος ἦν ἡ τοιαύτη, ἀλλὰ καὶ κολάζεσθαι αὐτὴν ὁ νόμος ἐκέλευεν. Ἀλλ' ὁ Ἰωσὴφ οὐ μόνον τὸ μεῖζον ἐκεῖνο, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἔλαττον συνεχώρησε, τὴν αἰσχύνην. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον οὐ κολάσαι, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ παραδειγματίσαι ἐβούλετο. Εἶδες φιλόσοφον ἄνδρα καὶ πάθους ἀπηλλαγμένον τοῦ τυραννικωτάτου; Ἴστε γὰρ ἡλίκον ζηλοτυπία. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ταῦτα σαφῶς εἰδὼς ἔλεγε: Μεστὸς γὰρ ζήλου θυμὸς ἀνδρός: οὐ φείσεται ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως: καὶ, Σκληρὸς ὡς ᾅδης ζῆλος. Καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ πολλοὺς ἴσμεν τὴν ψυχὴν ἑλομένους προέσθαι μᾶλλον, ἢ εἰς ζηλοτυπίας ὑποψίαν ἐμπεσεῖν. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲ ὑποψία ἦν, τοῦ τῆς γαστρὸς ὄγκου διελέγχοντος. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὕτως ἦν πάθους καθαρὸς, ὡς μὴ θελῆσαι μηδὲ ἐν τοῖς μικροτάτοις λυπῆσαι τὴν Παρθένον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ μὲν κατέχειν ἔνδον παρανομίας εἶναι ἐδόκει, τὸ δὲ ἐκπομπεύειν καὶ εἰς δικαστήριον ἄγειν, θανάτῳ παραδοῦναι ἠνάγκαζεν: οὐδὲν τούτων ποιεῖ, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ νόμον ἤδη πολιτεύεται. Ἔδει γὰρ τῆς χάριτος παραγενομένης πολλὰ λοιπὸν εἶναι τὰ σημεῖα τῆς ὑψηλῆς πολιτείας. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος καὶ μηδέπω τὰς ἀκτῖνας δείξας, πόῤῥωθεν τῷ φωτὶ καταυγάζει τῆς οἰκουμένης τὸ πλέον: οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς μέλλων ἀνίσχειν ἀπὸ τῆς μήτρας ἐκείνης, καὶ πρὶν ἢ ἐξελθεῖν, τὴν οἰκουμένην κατέλαμψεν ἅπασαν. Διὸ καὶ πρὸ τῶν ὠδίνων προφῆται ἐσκίρτων, καὶ γυναῖκες τὰ μέλλοντα προὔλεγον, καὶ Ἰωάννης οὔπω τῆς νηδύος προελθὼν, ἀπὸ τῆς μήτρας αὐτῆς ἐπήδα. Ἐντεῦθεν καὶ οὗτος πολλὴν ἐπεδείκνυτο φιλοσοφίαν: οὔτε γὰρ ἐνεκάλεσεν, οὔτε ὠνείδισεν, ἀλλ' ἐκβαλεῖν ἐπεχείρησε μόνον. Ἐν τούτῳ τοίνυν τῶν πραγμάτων ὄντων, καὶ πάντων ἐν ἀμηχανίᾳ καθεστώτων, παραγίνεται ὁ ἄγγελος πάντα λύων τὰ ἄπορα. Ἄξιον δὲ ἐξετάσαι, διὰ τί μὴ πρὸ τούτου εἶπεν ὁ ἄγγελος, πρὸ τοῦ διανοηθῆναι τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτο, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἐνεθυμήθη, τότε ἀφικνεῖται: Ταῦτα γὰρ αὐτοῦ, φησὶν, ἐνθυμηθέντος, ὁ ἄγγελος ἔρχεται: καίτοιγε αὐτὴν καὶ πρὸ τοῦ συλλαβεῖν εὐαγγελίζεται, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ πάλιν ἑτέραν ἀπορίαν ἔχει. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος οὐκ εἶπε, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἡ Παρθένος ἐσίγησεν, ἀκούσασα παρὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου, καὶ τὸν μνηστῆρα ὁρῶσα θορυβούμενον, οὐκ ἔλυσεν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀπορίαν; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν πρὸ τοῦ θορυβηθῆναι αὐτὸν ὁ ἄγγελος οὐκ εἶπεν; καὶ γὰρ ἀναγκαῖον τὸ πρότερον λῦσαι πρῶτον. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὐκ εἶπεν; Ἵνα μὴ ἀπιστήσῃ, καὶ πάθῃ τὸ αὐτὸ τῷ Ζαχαρίᾳ. Ὁρωμένου μὲν γὰρ τοῦ πράγματος, εὔκολος ἡ πίστις λοιπόν: μηδέπω δὲ ἀρχὴν λαβόντος, οὐχ ὁμοίως εὐπαράδεκτον ἦν τὸ λεγόμενον. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ ἄγγελος: καὶ ἡ Παρθένος δὲ τῆς αὐτῆς ἕνεκεν αἰτίας ἐσίγησεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζε πιστεύεσθαι παρὰ τῷ μνηστῆρι, πρᾶγμα ἀπαγγέλλουσα ξένον: ἀλλὰ καὶ παροξύνειν μᾶλλον αὐτὸν, ὡς ἁμάρτημα γεγενημένον συσκιάζουσα. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὴ ἡ ὑποδέχεσθαι μέλλουσα τοσαύτην χάριν, ἀνθρώπινόν τι πάσχει, καί φησι: Πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο ἐπεὶ ἄνδρα οὐ γινώσκω; πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκεῖνος ἀμφέβαλλεν ἄν: καὶ μάλιστα παρὰ γυναικὸς ἀκούων τῆς ὑποπτευομένης. εʹ. Διὰ ταῦτα ἡ Παρθένος μὲν οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγει, ὁ δὲ ἄγγελος τοῦ καιροῦ καλοῦντος ἐφίσταται. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, οὐχὶ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Παρθένου τοῦτο ἐποίησε, καὶ μετὰ τὴν κύησιν αὐτὴν εὐηγγελίσατο; Ἵνα μὴ ἐν ταραχῇ ᾖ καὶ θορύβῳ πολλῷ. Καὶ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν, τὸ σαφὲς οὐκ εἰδυῖαν, καὶ βουλεύσασθαί τι περὶ ἑαυτῆς ἄτοπον, καὶ ἐπὶ βρόχον ἐλθεῖν, καὶ ἐπὶ ξίφος, οὐ φέρουσαν τὴν αἰσχύνην. Καὶ γὰρ θαυμαστὴ ἦν ἡ Παρθένος, καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτῆς τὴν ἀρετὴν ὁ Λουκᾶς, λέγων ὅτι ἐπειδὴ τὸν ἀσπασμὸν ἤκουσεν, οὐκ εὐθέως ἑαυτὴν ἐξέχεεν, οὐδὲ ἐδέξατο τὸ λεχθέν: ἀλλ' ἐταράχθη ζητοῦσα τὸ, ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμός. Ἡ δὲ οὕτως οὖσα διηκριβωμένη, κἂν ἐξέστη τῇ ἀθυμίᾳ τὴν αἰσχύνην λογιζομένη, καὶ οὐ προσδοκῶσα, ὅσα ἂν λέγῃ, πείσειν τινὰ τῶν ἀκουόντων, ὅτι οὐ μοιχεία τὸ γεγενημένον. Ἵν' οὖν ταῦτα μὴ γένηται, ἦλθε πρὸ τῆς συλλήψεως ὁ ἄγγελος. Καὶ γὰρ ἔδει ταραχῆς ἐκτὸς εἶναι τὴν νηδὺν ἐκείνην, ᾗ ὁ πάντων Δημιουργὸς ἐπέβη. Καὶ παντὸς ἀπηλλάχθαι θορύβου τὴν ψυχὴν, τὴν καταξιωθεῖσαν τοιούτων γενέσθαι διάκονον μυστηρίων. Διὰ ταῦτα τῇ μὲν Παρθένῳ πρὸ τῆς κυήσεως, τῷ δὲ Ἰωσὴφ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῶν ὠδίνων διαλέγεται: ὃ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀφελεστέρων οὐ συνειδότες, διαφωνίαν ἔφασαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ τὸν μὲν Λουκᾶν λέγειν, ὅτι τῇ Μαρίᾳ εὐηγγελίζετο, τὸν δὲ Ματθαῖον, ὅτι τῷ Ἰωσὴφ, οὐκ εἰδότες ὅτι ἀμφότερα γέγονεν. Ὅπερ ἀναγκαῖον παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἱστορίαν παρατηρεῖν: καὶ γὰρ πολλὰς οὕτω λύσομεν δοκούσας εἶναι διαφωνίας. Ἔρχεται τοίνυν ὁ ἄγγελος, θορυβουμένου τοῦ Ἰωσήφ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τῶν εἰρημένων ἕνεκεν, καὶ ἵνα φανῇ αὐτοῦ ἡ φιλοσοφία, ἀναβάλλεται τὴν παρουσίαν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὸ ἔργον ἔμελλεν ἐκβαίνειν, παραγίνεται λοιπόν. Ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐνθυμηθέντος, ἄγγελος κατ' ὄναρ φαίνεται τῷ Ἰωσήφ. Ὁρᾷς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τὴν ἐπιείκειαν; Οὐ μόνον ὅτι οὐκ ἐκόλασεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξεῖπέ τινι, οὐδὲ αὐτῇ τῇ ὑποπτευομένῃ, ἀλλὰ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἐλογίζετο, καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ Παρθένῳ σπουδάζων κρύψαι τὴν αἰτίαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτὴν ἤθελεν, ἀλλ' Ἀπολῦσαι: τοσοῦτον ἦν ἥμερος καὶ ἐπιεικὴς ὁ ἀνήρ. Ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐνθυμουμένου, κατ' ὄναρ φαίνεται ὁ ἄγγελος. Καὶ διὰ τί μὴ φανερῶς, καθὼς τοῖς ποιμέσι καὶ τῷ Ζαχαρίᾳ καὶ τῇ Παρθένῳ; Σφόδρα πιστὸς ἦν ὁ ἀνὴρ, καὶ οὐκ ἐδεῖτο τῆς ὄψεως ταύτης. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ Παρθένος, ἅτε πολὺ μέγα εὐαγγελιζομένη, καὶ τοῦ Ζαχαρίου μεῖζον, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ πράγματος, ἔχρῃζε καὶ παραδόξου ὄψεως: οἱ δὲ ποιμένες, ἅτε ἀγροικικώτερον διακείμενοι. Οὗτος δὲ μετὰ τὸν τόκον, τῆς ψυχῆς λοιπὸν ὑπὸ τῆς πονηρᾶς ὑποψίας καταληφθείσης, καὶ ἑτοίμου οὔσης πρὸς χρηστὰς μεταθέσθαι ἐλπίδας, εἰ φανείη τις ὁ πρὸς τοῦτο ὁδηγῶν, εὐκόλως δέχεται τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν. Διὸ μετὰ τὴν ὑποψίαν εὐαγγελίζεται, ἵνα αὐτὸ τοῦτο γένηται αὐτῷ τῶν λεγομένων ἀπόδειξις. Τὸ γὰρ μηδενὶ ἐξειπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἃ κατὰ διάνοιαν ἐνεθυμήθη, ταῦτα ἀκοῦσαι λέγοντος τοῦ ἀγγέλου, ἀναμφισβήτητον αὐτῷ παρεῖχε σημεῖον τοῦ παρὰ Θεοῦ λέγοντα ἀφῖχθαι: αὐτοῦ γὰρ μόνου τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῆς καρδίας εἰδέναι ἐστίν. Ὅρα γοῦν πόσα γίνεται: καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς φιλοσοφία διαδείκνυται, καὶ πρὸς τὴν πίστιν αὐτῷ συμβάλλεται τὸ εὐκαίρως λεχθὲν, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἀνύποπτος γίνεται, δεικνὺς ὅτι ἔπαθεν ἅπερ εἰκὸς ἦν παθεῖν ἄνδρα. Ϛʹ. Πῶς οὖν αὐτὸν πιστοῦται ὁ ἄγγελος; Ἄκουσον, καὶ θαύμασον τὴν σοφίαν τῶν εἰρημένων. Ἐλθὼν γάρ φησιν: Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυῒδ, μὴ φοβηθῇς παραλαβεῖν Μαριὰμ τὴν γυναῖκά σου. Εὐθέως αὐτὸν ἀναμιμνήσκει τοῦ Δαυῒδ, ὅθεν ὁ Χριστὸς ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι, καὶ οὐκ ἀφίησιν αὐτὸν διαταραχθῆναι, διὰ τῆς τῶν προγόνων προσηγορίας τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τῆς πρὸς τὸ ὅλον γένος γενομένης ἀναμνήσας. Ἐπεὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν υἱὸν Δαυῒδ αὐτὸν ἐκάλεσε; Μὴ φοβηθῇς: καίτοιγε ἀλλαχοῦ ὁ Θεὸς οὐχ οὕτω ποιεῖ, ἀλλὰ βουλευομένου τινὸς περὶ γυναικὸς ὅπερ οὐκ ἔδει, ἐπιπληκτικώτερον καὶ μετ' ἀπειλῆς τῷ λόγῳ κέχρηται: καίτοιγε τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ ἐκεῖ ἀγνοίας ἦν: οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰδὼς ἔλαβε τὴν Σάῤῥαν ἐκεῖνος: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπέπληξεν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἡμερώτερον. Πολὺ γὰρ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν οἰκονομουμένων ἦν, καὶ τὸ μέσον ἑκατέρων τῶν ἀνδρῶν: διόπερ οὐδὲ ἐπιπλήξεως ἔδει. Εἰπὼν δὲ, Μὴ φοβηθῇς, δείκνυσιν αὐτὸν δεδοικότα, μὴ προσκρούσῃ τῷ Θεῷ ὡς μοιχαλίδα ἔχω, ὡς εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, οὐδ' ἂν ἐνενόησεν ἐκβαλεῖν. Διὰ πάντων τοίνυν δείκνυσιν, ὅτι παρὰ Θεοῦ ὁ ἄγγελος ἥκει, καὶ ἅπερ ἐνενόησε, καὶ ἅπερ ἔπαθε κατὰ διάνοιαν, ἅπαντα εἰς μέσον ἐκφέρων καὶ προτιθείς. Εἰπὼν δὲ αὐτῆς τὸ ὄνομα, οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπήγαγε, Τὴν γυναῖκά σου, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω καλέσας, εἰ διέφθαρτο. Γυναῖκα δὲ ἐνταῦθα τὴν μνηστὴν λέγει: ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ γαμβροὺς εἴωθεν ἡ Γραφὴ λέγειν καὶ πρὸ τοῦ γάμου τοὺς μνηστῆρας. Τί δέ ἐστι, Παραλαβεῖν; Ἔνδον κατέχειν: ἤδη γὰρ αὐτῷ τῇ διανοίᾳ ἀπολέλυτο. Ταύτην τὴν ἀπολελυμένην, φησὶ, κάτεχε, ἥν σοι παραδίδωσιν ὁ Θεὸς, οὐχ οἱ γονεῖς: παραδίδωσι δὲ, οὐκ εἰς γάμον, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ συνοικεῖν, καὶ παραδίδωσι διὰ τῆς φωνῆς τῆς ἐμῆς. Ὥσπερ αὐτὴν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὕστερον παρέδωκε τῷ μαθητῇ, οὕτω καὶ νῦν τῷ Ἰωσήφ. Εἶτα καὶ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν αἰνιξάμενος, τὴν μὲν πονηρὰν ὑποψίαν οὐκ εἶπε, σεμνότερον δὲ καὶ πρεπωδέστερον τῇ τῶν ὠδίνων αἰτίᾳ κἀκείνην ἀνεῖλε, δεικνὺς ὅτι δι' ὅπερ ἐδεδοίκει καὶ ἐκβαλεῖν ἤθελε, δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο καὶ λαβεῖν καὶ κατασχεῖν ἔνδον ἂν εἴη δίκαιος, ἐκ περιουσίας λύων τὴν ἀγωνίαν. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον παρανόμου, φησὶν, ἀπήλλακται μίξεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ φύσιν κυεῖ. Μὴ τοίνυν τὸν φόβον ἐκλύσῃς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὐφραίνου μειζόνως: Τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ Πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου. Παράδοξον τὸ εἰρημένον, ὑπερβαῖνον ἀνθρώπινον λογισμὸν, καὶ ἀνώτερον τῶν τῆς φύσεως νόμων. Πῶς οὖν πιστεύσει ὁ τούτων ἄπειρος τῶν διηγημάτων ἀνήρ; Ἀπὸ τῶν παρελθόντων, φησὶν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκαλύψεων. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο τὰ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ πάντα ἐξεκάλυψεν, ἅπερ ἔπαθεν, ἅπερ ἔδεισεν, ἅπερ ποιῆσαι ἐβουλεύσατο, ἵνα ἐξ ἐκείνων καὶ τοῦτο πιστώσηται: μᾶλλον δὲ, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν παρελθόντων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν μελλόντων αὐτὸν ἐπάγεται. Τέξεται δὲ, φησὶν, υἱὸν, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν. Μὴ γὰρ, ἐπειδὴ ἐκ Πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου, νομίσῃς ἀλλότριόν σε τῆς διακονίας εἶναι τῆς κατὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ εἰς τὴν γέννησιν οὐδὲν συντελεῖς, ἀλλ' ἀνέπαφος ἔμεινεν ἡ Παρθένος, ὅμως ὅπερ ἐστὶ πατρὸς ἴδιον, οὐ λυμαινόμενον τὸ τῆς παρθενίας ἀξίωμα, τοῦτό σοι δίδωμι, τὸ ὄνομα ἐπιθεῖναι τῷ τικτομένῳ: σὺ γὰρ αὐτὸν καλέσεις. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μὴ σὸς ὁ τόκος, ἀλλὰ τὰ πατρὸς ἐπιδείξῃ περὶ αὐτόν. Διὰ τοῦτό σε καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ ὀνόματος θέσεως εὐθέως οἰκειῶ τῷ τικτομένῳ. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν ἐκ τούτου πατέρα τις αὐτὸν ὑποπτεύσῃ, ἄκουσον τὰ ἑξῆς πῶς μετὰ ἀκριβείας τίθησι. Τέξεται, φησὶν, υἱόν: οὐκ εἶπε, Τέξεταί σοι, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς, Τέξεται, μετέωρον αὐτὸ θείς: οὐ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἔτικτεν, ἀλλὰ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ πάσῃ. ζʹ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἦλθε κομίζων ὁ ἄγγελος, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δεικνὺς θαυμαστὸν ὄντα τὸν τόκον, τῷ τὸν Θεὸν εἶναι τὸν τὴν προσηγορίαν ἄνωθεν πέμποντα διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῷ Ἰωσήφ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτο ἁπλῶς ἦν, ἀλλὰ μυρίων ἀγαθῶν θησαυρός. Διὸ καὶ ἑρμηνεύει τοῦτο ὁ ἄγγελος, καὶ χρηστὰς ὑποτείνει ἐλπίδας, καὶ ταύτῃ πρὸς πίστιν αὐτὸν ἐπαγόμενος. Πρὸς γὰρ ταῦτα ἐπιῤῥεπέστερον εἰώθαμεν ἔχειν: διὸ καὶ μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς πιστεύειν φιλοῦμεν. Ἀπὸ πάντων τοίνυν κατασκευάσας τὴν πίστιν, ἀπὸ τῶν παρελθόντων, ἀπὸ τῶν μελλόντων, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐνεστώτων, ἀπὸ τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν τιμῆς, εἰσάγει καὶ τὸν προφήτην εὐκαίρως τούτοις ἅπασι ψηφιζόμενον. Πρὶν ἢ δὲ αὐτὸν εἰσαγαγεῖν, τὰ μέλλοντα τῇ οἰκουμένῃ δι' αὐτοῦ συμβήσεσθαι ἀγαθὰ προαναφωνεῖ. Τίνα δὲ ταῦτά ἐστιν; Ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπαλλαγὴ καὶ ἀναίρεσις. Αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει, φησὶ, τὸν λαὸν αὑτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν Καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ παράδοξον ἐνδείκνυται. Οὐ γὰρ πολέμων αἰσθητῶν, οὐδὲ βαρβάρων, ἀλλ' ὃ πολλῷ τούτων μεῖζον ἦν, ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπαλλαγὴν εὐαγγελίζεται: ὃ μηδενί ποτε ἔμπροσθεν ἐγένετο δυνατόν. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶ, Τὸν λαὸν αὑτοῦ, εἶπε, καὶ οὐχὶ καὶ τὰ ἔθνη προσέθηκεν; Ἵνα μὴ πτοήσῃ τὸν ἀκροατὴν τέως. Τῷ γὰρ συνετῶς ἀκροωμένῳ καὶ τὰ ἔθνη ᾐνίξατο. Λαὸς γὰρ αὐτοῦ οὐχ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντες οἱ προσιόντες καὶ δεχόμενοι τὴν παρ' αὐτοῦ γνῶσιν. Σκόπει δὲ πῶς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα ἡμῖν παρήνοιξε, λαὸν αὐτοῦ καλῶν τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἰουδαϊκόν. Τοῦτο γὰρ οὐδὲν ἄλλο δεικνύντος ἐστὶν, ἢ ὅτι Θεοῦ Παῖς ὁ τικτόμενος, καὶ περὶ τοῦ τῶν ἄνω βασιλέως ὁ λόγος ἐστὶν αὐτῷ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁμαρτήματα ἀφιέναι ἑτέρας ἐστὶ δυνάμεως, ἀλλ' ἢ τῆς οὐσίας μόνης ἐκείνης. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τοσαύτης ἀπελαύσαμεν δωρεᾶς, πάντα ποιῶμεν, ὥστε μὴ τὴν εὐεργεσίαν καθυβρίσαι τὴν τοσαύτην. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ πρὸ τῆς τιμῆς ταύτης ἄξια κολάσεως τὰ γινόμενα ἦν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον μετὰ τὴν ἄφατον ταύτην εὐεργεσίαν. Καὶ ταῦτα οὐχ ἁπλῶς λέγω νῦν, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ πολλοὺς ὁρῶ μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα ῥᾳθυμότερον τῶν ἀμυήτων διατελοῦντας, καὶ οὐδὲν ἔχοντας ἴδιον γνώρισμα πολιτείας. Διά τοι τοῦτο οὐκ ἐν ἀγορᾷ, οὐκ ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ δυνατὸν εἰδέναι ταχέως, τίς μὲν ὁ πιστὸς, τίς δὲ ὁ μὴ πιστὸς, πλὴν εἴ τις κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐπισταίη τῶν μυστηρίων, καὶ ἴδοι τοὺς μὲν ἐκβαλλομένους, τοὺς δὲ ἔνδον μένοντας. Ἐχρῆν δὲ οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ τρόπου γνωρίζεσθαι. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἔξωθεν ἀξιώματα, εἰκότως ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν περικειμένων τεκμηρίων ἐστὶ κατάδηλα: τὰ δὲ ἡμέτερα ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς εἶναι γνώριμα χρή. Τὸν γὰρ πιστὸν οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς δωρεᾶς χρὴ φαίνεσθαι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ζωῆς τῆς καινῆς. Τὸν πιστὸν, φωστῆρα δεῖ εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου καὶ ἅλας. Ὅταν δὲ μηδὲ σαυτῷ φαίνῃς, μηδὲ τὴν οἰκείαν σηπεδόνα ἐπισφίγγῃς, πόθεν σε εἰσόμεθα λοιπόν; ὅτι τῶν ναμάτων ἐπέβης τῶν ἱερῶν; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτό σοι κολάσεως ἐφόδιον γίνεται. Τιμῆς γὰρ μέγεθος τοῖς οὐκ ἀξίως τῆς τιμῆς ζῇν προαιρουμένοις προσθήκη τιμωρίας ἐστί. Τὸν γὰρ πιστὸν οὐκ ἀφ' ὧν ἔλαβε παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀφ' ὧν αὐτὸς εἰσήνεγκε λάμπειν δίκαιον, καὶ πανταχόθεν εἶναι γνώριμον, ἀπὸ τοῦ βαδίσματος, ἀπὸ τοῦ βλέμματος, ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος, ἀπὸ τῆς φωνῆς. Ταῦτα δὲ εἶπον, οὐχ ἵνα πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν, ἀλλ' ἵνα πρὸς ὠφέλειαν τῶν ὁρώντων ἑαυτοὺς ῥυθμίσωμεν. Νῦν δὲ ὅθεν ἂν ζητήσω σε ἐπιγνῶναι, πανταχοῦ σε ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων εὑρίσκω φαινόμενον. Ἄν τε γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου βουληθῶ σε καταμαθεῖν, ἐν ἱπποδρομίοις καὶ θεάτροις καὶ παρανομίαις ὁρῶ διημερεύοντα, ἐν πονηροῖς συλλόγοις τοῖς ἐν ἀγορᾷ, καὶ ἀνθρώπων συνουσίαις διεφθαρμένων: ἄν τε ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς ὄψεως, ἀνακαγχάζοντα βλέπω διηνεκῶς καὶ διαλελυμένον, καθάπερ σεσηρυῖαν ἑταιρίδα καὶ ἀπολελυμένην: ἄν τε ἀπὸ τῶν ἱματίων, τῶν ἐπὶ σκηνῆς οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακείμενον ὁρῶ: ἄν τε ἀπὸ τῶν ἑπομένων, παρασίτους περιφέρεις καὶ κόλακας: ἄν τε ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων, οὐδὲν ὑγιὲς, οὐδὲ ἀναγκαῖον, οὐδὲ συνέχον ἡμῶν τὴν ζωὴν ἀκούω φθεγγόμενον: ἄν τε ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης, μείζων ἐντεῦθεν ἡ κατηγορία φανεῖται. ηʹ. Πόθεν οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, δυνήσομαί σε ἐπιγνῶναι τὸν πιστὸν, τῶν εἰρημένων ἁπάντων τἀναντία ψηφιζομένων; Καὶ τί λέγω τὸν πιστόν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ ἄνθρωπος εἶ, σαφῶς δύναμαι μαθεῖν. Ὅταν γὰρ λακτίζῃς μὲν ὥσπερ ὄνος, σκιρτᾷς δὲ ὥσπερ ταῦρος, χρεμετίζῃς δὲ ἐπὶ γυναιξὶν ὥσπερ ἵππος: καὶ γαστριμαργῇς μὲν ὥσπερ ἄρκτος, πιαίνῃς δὲ τὴν σάρκα ὥσπερ ἡμίονος: μνησικακῇς δὲ ὥσπερ κάμηλος: καὶ ἁρπάζῃς μὲν ὡς λύκος, ὀργίζῃ δὲ ὡς ὄφις, πλήττῃς δὲ ὡς σκορπίος, ὕπουλος δὲ ᾖς ὥσπερ ἀλώπηξ, ἰὸν δὲ πονηρίας διατηρῇς ὥσπερ ἀσπὶς καὶ ἔχις, πολεμῇς δὲ κατὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὥσπερ ὁ πονηρὸς δαίμων ἐκεῖνος: πῶς δυνήσομαί σε μετὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀριθμεῖν, οὐχ ὁρῶν ἐν σοὶ τῆς τοιαύτης φύσεως τοὺς χαρακτῆρας; Κατηχουμένου γὰρ καὶ πιστοῦ διαφορὰν ζητῶν, κινδυνεύω μηδὲ ἀνδρὸς καὶ θηρίου εὑρεῖν διαφοράν. Τί γάρ σε εἴπω; Θηρίον; Ἀλλὰ τὰ θηρία ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἐλαττωμάτων κατέχεται: σὺ δὲ ὁμοῦ συμφορήσας πάντα, ποῤῥωτέρω τῆς ἐκείνων ἀλογίας ὁδεύεις. Ἀλλὰ δαίμονά σε προσείπω; Ἀλλὰ δαίμων οὔτε γαστρὸς δουλεύει τυραννίδι, οὔτε χρημάτων ἐρᾷ. Ὅταν οὖν καὶ θηρίων καὶ δαιμόνων ἐλαττώματα πλείονα ἔχῃς, πῶς σε ἄνθρωπον καλέσομεν, εἰπέ μοι; Εἰ δὲ ἄνθρωπόν σε οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, πῶς σε προσεροῦμεν πιστόν; Καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτερον, ὅτι οὕτω διακείμενοι κακῶς, οὐδὲ ἐννοοῦμεν τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν τὴν ἀμορφίαν, οὐδὲ καταμανθάνομεν αὐτῆς τὸ δυσειδές. Ἀλλ' ἐν κουρείῳ μὲν καθήμενος, καὶ τὴν κόμην ἀποκείρων, τὸ κάτοπτρον λαβὼν περισκοπεῖς μετὰ ἀκριβείας τὴν τῶν τριχῶν σύνθεσιν, καὶ τοὺς παρεστῶτας ἐρωτᾷς, καὶ τὸν ἀποκείραντα αὐτὸν, εἰ καλῶς τὰ πρὸς τῷ μετώπῳ συνέθηκε: καὶ γέρων ὢν πολλάκις, οὐκ αἰσχύνῃ νεωτερικαῖς φαντασίαις ἐπιμαινόμενος: τῆς δὲ ψυχῆς ἡμῶν οὐκ ἀμόρφου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ θηριομόρφου, καὶ Σκύλλης τινὸς ἢ Χιμαίρας, κατὰ τὸν ἔξω μῦθον, γεγενημένης, οὐδὲ μικρὸν αἰσθανόμεθα. Καίτοιγε καὶ ἐνταῦθα κάτοπτρον ἔστι πνευματικὸν, καὶ πολλῷ βέλτιον ἐκείνου καὶ χρησιμώτερον: οὐδὲ γὰρ δείκνυσι τὴν ἀμορφίαν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετατίθησιν αὐτὴν πρὸς κάλλος ἀμήχανον, ἂν θέλωμεν. Τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν μνήμη, καὶ τῆς μακαρίας ζωῆς αὐτῶν ἱστορία, ἡ τῶν Γραφῶν ἀνάγνωσις, οἱ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ δοθέντες νόμοι. Κἂν βουληθῇς ἅπαξ μόνον ἰδεῖν εἰς τὰς τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων εἰκόνας, καὶ τὸ δυσειδὲς ὄψει τῆς διανοίας τῆς σῆς, καὶ ἰδὼν οὐδενὸς δεήσῃ λοιπὸν ἑτέρου εἰς τὸ ἀπαλλαγῆναι τῆς αἰσχρότητος ταύτης. Καὶ γὰρ εἰς τοῦτο χρήσιμον ἡμῖν τὸ κάτοπτρον, καὶ ῥᾳδίαν ποιεῖ τὴν μετάθεσιν. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀλόγων μενέτω μορφῇ. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ δοῦλος εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πατρὸς οὐκ εἰσέρχεται, ὅταν αὐτὸς καὶ θηρίον γένῃ, πῶς δυνήσῃ τῶν προθύρων ἐπιβῆναι ἐκείνων; Καὶ τί λέγω θηρίον; Θηρίου μὲν παντὸς χαλεπώτερος ὁ τοιοῦτός ἐστιν. Ἐκεῖνα μὲν γὰρ, καίτοι κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα ἄγρια, ἀνθρωπίνης ἀπολαύσαντα τέχνης, πολλάκις ἥμερα γίνεται: σὺ δὲ ὁ τὴν ἐκείνων θηριωδίαν τὴν κατὰ φύσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν ἡμερότητα μεταβαλὼν, ποίαν ἕξεις ἀπολογίαν, τὴν σεαυτοῦ πραότητα τὴν κατὰ φύσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν θηριωδίαν ἐξαγαγών; καὶ τὸ μὲν ἄγριον φύσει δεικνὺς ἥμερον, σαυτὸν δὲ τὸν ἥμερον φύσει, παρὰ φύσιν ἄγριον ἱστάς; καὶ λέοντα μὲν τιθασσεύων καὶ χειροήθη ποιῶν, τὸν δὲ θυμὸν τὸν σὸν λέοντος ἀγριώτερον κατασκευάζων; Καίτοι δύο ἐκεῖ τὰ κωλύματα, καὶ τὸ λογισμοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι τὸ θηρίον, καὶ τὸ πάντων εἶναι θυμωδέστερον: ἀλλ' ὅμως τῇ περιουσίᾳ τῆς παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ δοθείσης σοι σοφίας, καὶ τῆς φύσεως κρατεῖς. Ὁ τοίνυν ἐπὶ θηρίων καὶ τὴν φύσιν νικῶν, πῶς ἐπὶ σαυτοῦ μετὰ τῆς φύσεως καὶ τὸ τῆς προαιρέσεως προδίδως καλόν; Καὶ εἰ μὲν ἄλλον ἐκέλευον ἄνθρωπον ποιῆσαι πρᾶον, οὐδὲ οὕτω μὲν ἀδύνατα ἂν ἔδοξα ἐπιτάττειν: πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐνῆν σοι προβαλέσθαι τὸ μὴ κύριον εἶναι τῆς ἑτέρου γνώμης, μηδὲ ἐπὶ σοὶ κεῖσθαι τὸ πᾶν. Νυνὶ δὲ τὸ σαυτοῦ θηρίον, καὶ οὗ πάντως κύριος εἶ. θʹ. Τίνα οὖν ἔχεις ἀπολογίαν, ποίαν δὲ πρόφασιν εὐπρόσωπον προβαλέσθαι δυνήσῃ, λέοντα μὲν ποιῶν ἄνθρωπον, σαυτὸν δὲ περιορῶν ἐξ ἀνθρώπου γινόμενον λέοντα; κἀκείνῳ μὲν τὰ ὑπὲρ φύσιν χαριζόμενος, σαυτῷ δὲ οὐδὲ τὰ κατὰ φύσιν τηρῶν; ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὲν ἀγρίους θῆρας εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν φιλονεικῶν ἀνάγειν εὐγένειαν, σαυτὸν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου τῆς βασιλείας καταστρέφων, καὶ εἰς τὴν μανίαν ἐξωθῶν τὴν ἐκείνων; Νόμισον γὰρ, εἰ βούλει, καὶ τὸν θυμὸν θηρίον εἶναι: καὶ ὅσην περὶ λέοντας ἕτεροι, τοσαύτην σὺ περὶ σαυτὸν ἐπίδειξαι τὴν σπουδὴν, καὶ ποίησον ἥμερον καὶ πρᾶον εἶναι τὸν τοιοῦτον λογισμόν. Καὶ γὰρ οὗτος χαλεποὺς ὀδόντας ἔχει καὶ ὄνυχας, κἂν μὴ ἡμερώσῃς αὐτὸν, πάντα ἀπολεῖ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οὕτω λέων καὶ ἔχις τὰ σπλάγχνα διασπαράξαι δύναται, ὡς θυμὸς, τοῖς σιδηροῖς ὄνυξι διηνεκῶς τοῦτο ποιῶν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τὸ σῶμα λυμαίνεται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴν τῆς ψυχῆς διαφθείρει τὴν ὑγίειαν, κατεσθίων, σπαράττων, διαξαίνων τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἅπασαν, καὶ ἄχρηστον πρὸς πάντα τιθείς. Εἰ γὰρ σκώληκάς τις, ἐν τοῖς ἐγκάτοις τρέφων οὐδὲ ἀναπνεῖν δυνήσεται, πάντων τῶν ἔνδον αὐτῷ δαπανωμένων, πῶς ὄφιν ἡμεῖς τηλικοῦτον ἔχοντες κατατρώγοντα πάντα τὰ ἔνδον, τὸν θυμὸν λέγω, δυνησόμεθά τι γενναῖον τεκεῖν; Πῶς οὖν ταύτης ἀπαλλαγησόμεθα τῆς λύμης; Ἂν πίωμεν ποτὸν νεκρῶσαι δυνάμενον τοὺς ἔνδον σκώληκας καὶ τοὺς ὄφεις. Καὶ ποῖον ἂν εἴη τὸ ποτὸν, φησὶ, τὸ τὴν ἰσχὺν ταύτην ἔχον; Τὸ τίμιον αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰ μετὰ παῤῥησίας ληφθείη: πᾶσαν γὰρ νόσον σβέσαι δυνήσεται τοῦτο, καὶ μετὰ τούτου τῶν θείων Γραφῶν ἡ μετ' ἀκριβείας ἀκρόασις, καὶ ἐλεημοσύνη τῇ ἀκροάσει προσγινομένη: διὰ γὰρ τούτων πάντων δυνήσεται νεκρωθῆναι τὰ λυμαινόμενα τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν πάθη. Καὶ τότε ζησόμεθα μόνον: ὡς νῦν γε οὐδὲν τῶν τεθνεώτων ἄμεινον διακείμεθα: ἐπείπερ οὐκ ἔστι, ζώντων ἐκείνων, καὶ ἡμᾶς ζῇν, ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη ἡμᾶς ἀπολέσθαι. Κἂν μὴ φθάσωμεν αὐτὰ ἀποκτείναντες ἐνταῦθα, ἐκεῖ πάντως ἡμᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πρὸ ἐκείνου τοῦ θανάτου τὴν ἐσχάτην ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀπαιτήσει δίκην. Καὶ γὰρ ἕκαστον τῶν παθῶν τῶν τοιούτων, καὶ ὠμὸν καὶ τυραννικὸν καὶ ἀκόρεστον, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμᾶς ἐσθίον τὴν ἡμέραν οὐδέποτε ἵσταται. Ὀδόντες γὰρ λέοντος οἱ ὀδόντες αὐτῶν: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πολλῷ χαλεπώτεροι. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ λέων ὁμοῦ τε ἐκορέσθη, καὶ ἀπέστη τοῦ παραπεσόντος αὐτῷ σώματος: ταῦτα δὲ τὰ πάθη οὔτε ἐμπίπλαται, οὔτε ἀφίσταται, ἕως ἂν ἐγγὺς τοῦ διαβόλου στήσῃ τὸν ἁλόντα ἄνθρωπον. Τοσαύτη γὰρ αὐτῶν ἡ δύναμις, ὡς τὴν δουλείαν, ἣν ὁ Παῦλος περὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐπεδείκνυτο, καὶ γεέννης καὶ βασιλείας δι' αὐτὸν καταφρονῶν, τὴν αὐτὴν καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἁλόντων ἀπαιτεῖν. Ἄν τε γὰρ σωμάτων ἔρωτι, ἄν τε χρημάτων, ἄν τε δόξης περιπέσῃ τις, καὶ γεέννης καταγελᾷ λοιπὸν, καὶ βασιλείας καταφρονεῖ, ἵνα τὸ θέλημα τούτων ἐργάσηται. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀπιστῶμεν Παύλῳ λέγοντι, ὅτι τὸν Χριστὸν οὕτως ἐφίλησεν. Ὅταν γὰρ εὑρεθῶσί τινες τοῖς πάθεσιν οὕτω δουλεύοντες, πῶς ἄπιστον ἐκεῖνο δόξει εἶναι λοιπόν; Καὶ γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο ὁ περὶ τὸν Χριστὸν πόθος ἀσθενέστερος, ἐπειδὴ πᾶσα ἡμῖν ἡ δύναμις εἰς τοῦτον καταναλοῦται τὸν ἔρωτα, καὶ ἁρπάζομεν, καὶ πλεονεκτοῦμεν, καὶ δόξῃ δουλεύομεν κενῇ: ἧς τί γένοιτ' ἂν εὐτελέστερον; Κἂν γὰρ μυριάκις γένῃ περίβλεπτος, οὐδὲν τῶν ἀτίμων ἔσῃ βελτίων, ἀλλὰ δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο καὶ ἀτιμότερος. Ὅταν γὰρ οἱ βουλόμενοί σε δοξάζειν καὶ λαμπρὸν ἀποδεικνύναι, δι' αὐτὸ τοῦτό σε γελῶσιν, ὅτι τῆς παρ' αὐτῶν ἐπιθυμεῖς δόξης, πῶς οὐκ εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον περιτραπήσεταί σοι τὰ τῆς τοιαύτης σπουδῆς; ιʹ. Καὶ γὰρ τῶν κατηγορουμένων τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸν ἐπιθυμοῦντα μοιχεύειν ἢ πορνεύειν ἂν ἐπαινῇ τις καὶ κολακεύῃ, αὐτῷ τούτῳ μᾶλλον κατήγορος γίνεται ἢ ἐπαινέτης τοῦ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐπιθυμοῦντος: οὕτω καὶ τὸν δόξης ἐπιθυμοῦντα, ὅταν ἐπαινῶμεν ἅπαντες, κατήγοροι μᾶλλόν ἐσμεν ἢ ἐπαινέται τῶν βουλομένων δοξάζεσθαι. Τί τοίνυν ἐφέλκῃ τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀφ' οὗ τὸ ἐναντίον σοι συμβαίνειν εἴωθεν; Εἰ γὰρ δοξάζεσθαι βούλει, καταφρόνει δόξης, καὶ πάντων ἔσῃ λαμπρότερος. Τί πάσχεις ὅπερ ἔπαθεν ὁ Ναβουχοδονόσορ; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐκεῖνος εἰκόνα ἔστησεν, ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου καὶ τῆς ἀναισθήτου μορφῆς προσθήκην νομίζων ἑαυτῷ πορίζειν εὐφημίας, καὶ ὁ ζῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ ζῶντος λαμπρότερος ἤθελε φαίνεσθαι. Εἶδες τῆς μανίας τὴν ὑπερβολήν; Δοκῶν γὰρ ἑαυτὸν τιμᾷν, μᾶλλον ἐξύβρισεν. Ὅταν γὰρ φαίνηται τῷ ἀψύχῳ θαῤῥῶν μᾶλλον ἢ ἑαυτῷ καὶ τῇ ἐν αὐτῷ ζώσῃ ψυχῇ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ξύλον ἐπὶ τοσαύτην ἄγῃ προεδρίαν, πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴη γέλωτος ἄξιος, οὐκ ἀπὸ τρόπων, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ σανίδων καλλωπίζεσθαι σπεύδων; Ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις διὰ τὸ βάθρον τὸ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ καὶ διὰ τὴν κλίμακα καλὴν οὖσαν ἀξιοῖ μᾶλλον, ἢ διὰ τὸ ἄνθρωπος εἶναι, ἐναβρύνεσθαι. Τοῦτον καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν πολλοὶ μιμοῦνται νῦν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ἀπὸ τῆς εἰκόνος, οὕτως ἀπὸ ἱματίων ἕτεροι, καὶ ἐξ οἰκίας ἄλλοι, καὶ ἐξ ἡμιόνων καὶ ὀχημάτων, καὶ ἀπὸ κιόνων τῶν ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις ἀξιοῦσι θαυμάζεσθαι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι ἀπώλεσαν, περιέρχονται συλλέγοντες ἑαυτοῖς ἑτέρωθεν τὴν πολλοῦ γέλωτος γέμουσαν δόξαν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οἱ γενναῖοι καὶ μεγάλοι τοῦ Θεοῦ θεράποντες ἐντεῦθεν, ἀλλ' ἀφ' ὧν ἔδει μάλιστα, ἐκ τούτων ἔλαμπον. Καὶ γὰρ αἰχμάλωτοι καὶ δοῦλοι καὶ νέοι καὶ ξένοι καὶ πάντων τῶν οἴκοθεν ὄντες ἔρημοι, τοῦ πάντα περιβεβλημένου ταῦτα σεμνότεροι πολλῷ τότε ἐφάνησαν. Καὶ τῷ μὲν Ναβουχοδονόσορ οὐκ εἰκὼν τοσαύτη, οὐ σατράπαι, οὐ στρατηγοὶ, οὐ στρατόπεδα ἄπειρα οὐ χρυσίου πλῆθος, οὐκ ἄλλη φαντασία πρὸς τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἤρκεσε, καὶ τὸ δεῖξαι μέγαν: τούτοις δὲ τούτων πάντων γεγυμνωμένοις ἤρκεσεν ἡ φιλοσοφία μόνη, καὶ τοῦ τὸ διάδημα καὶ τὴν πορφυρίδα ἔχοντος καὶ τοιαῦτα περιβεβλημένου, τοὺς οὐδὲν τούτων κεκτημένους λαμπροτέρους ἀπέφηνε τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι μαργάρου λαμπρότερος. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης ἤγοντο, νέοι τε ὄντες καὶ αἰχμάλωτοι καὶ δοῦλοι, καὶ φανέντων εὐθέως ὁ βασιλεὺς πῦρ ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἠφίει, καὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ ὕπαρχοι καὶ τοπάρχαι καὶ ἅπαν τοῦ διαβόλου τὸ θέατρον περιειστήκει, καὶ φωνὴ συρίγγων πανταχόθεν καὶ σαλπίγγων καὶ πάσης μουσικῆς πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν φερομένη περιήχει τὰς ἐκείνων ἀκοὰς, καὶ κάμινος ἀνεκαίετο πρὸς ὕψος ἄπειρον, καὶ αὐτῶν ἡ φλὸξ ἥπτετο τῶν νεφελῶν, καὶ πάντα φόβου καὶ ἐκπλήξεως ἦν ἀνάμεστα. Ἀλλ' ἐκείνους οὐδὲν τούτων ἐξέπληξεν: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ παίδων παιζόντων καταγελάσαντες, τὴν ἀνδρείαν καὶ τὴν ἐπιείκειαν ἐπεδείκνυντο, καὶ τῶν σαλπίγγων ἐκείνων λαμπροτέραν ἀφιέντες φωνὴν ἔλεγον: Γνωστὸν ἔστω σοι, βασιλεῦ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέχρι ῥήματος ὑβρίσαι ἐβούλοντο τὸν τύραννον, ἀλλὰ τὴν εὐσέβειαν ἐπιδείξασθαι μόνον. Διόπερ οὐδὲ μακροὺς ἀπετείναντο λόγους, ἀλλ' ἐν βραχεῖ πάντα ἐπιδείκνυνται: Ἔστι γὰρ, φησὶ, Θεὸς ἐν οὐρανῷ δυνατὸς ἐξελέσθαι ἡμᾶς. Τί μοι τὸ πλῆθος δεικνύεις; τί μοι τὴν κάμινον; τί τὰ ξίφη τὰ ἠκονημένα; τί τοὺς φοβεροὺς δορυφόρους; Πάντων τούτων ἀνώτερος ἡμῶν ὁ Δεσπότης καὶ δυνατώτερος. Εἶτα ἐννοήσαντες ὅτι συμβαίνει τὸν Θεὸν βουληθῆναι καὶ συγχωρῆσαι αὐτοὺς καυθῆναι, ἵνα μὴ τούτου γενομένου δόξωσι ψευδῆ λέγειν, προστιθέασι καὶ τοῦτο, λέγοντες, ὅτι Ἐὰν μὴ τοῦτο γένηται, γνωστὸν ἔστω σοι, ὅτι τοῖς θεοῖς σου οὐ λατρεύομεν. ιαʹ. Εἰ γὰρ εἶπον, ὅτι δι' ἁμαρτήματα οὐ ῥύεται, κἂν μὴ ῥύσηται, ἠπιστήθησαν ἄν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἐνταῦθα μὲν τοῦτο σιγῶσι: λέγουσι δὲ αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τῆς καμίνου, ἄνω καὶ κάτω τὰ ἁμαρτήματα προβαλλόμενοι. Ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον, ἀλλ' ὅτι κἂν καίεσθαι μέλλωσι, τὴν εὐσέβειαν οὐ προδώσουσιν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπ' ἀμοιβαῖς καὶ ἀντιδόσεσιν ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἔπραττον, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἀγάπης μόνης: καίτοιγε καὶ ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ ἦσαν, καὶ ἐν δουλείᾳ, καὶ οὐδενὸς ἀπολελαυκότες χρηστοῦ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ πατρίδος καὶ ἐλευθερίας καὶ τῶν ὄντων πάντων ἐξέπεσον. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὰς ἐν ταῖς βασιλικαῖς αὐλαῖς εἴπῃς τιμάς. Ὅσιοι γὰρ ὄντες καὶ δίκαιοι, μυριάκις ἂν εἵλοντο προσαιτεῖν οἴκοι, καὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ ναῷ καλῶν ἀπολαύειν. Ἐξελεξάμην γὰρ, φησὶ, παραῤῥιπτεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ μου, μᾶλλον ἢ οἰκεῖν με ἐν σκηνώμασιν ἁμαρτωλῶν: καὶ, Κρείττων ἡμέρα μία ἐν ταῖς αὐλαῖς σου ὑπὲρ χιλιάδας. Μυριάκις οὖν ἂν εἵλοντο ἀπεῤῥίφθαι οἴκοι, ἢ βασιλεύειν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι. Καὶ τοῦτο δῆλον ἐξ ὧν καὶ ἐν τῇ καμίνῳ δηλοῦσι, βαρούμενοι τὴν αὐτόθι διατριβήν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ αὐτοὶ πολλῆς ἀπέλαυον τιμῆς, τὰς τῶν ἄλλων ὁρῶντες συμφορὰς σφόδρα ἐδάκνοντο: ὅπερ μάλιστά ἐστιν ἁγίων ἴδιον. μὴ δόξαν, μὴ τιμὴν, μηδὲν ἄλλο προτιμᾷν τῆς τοῦ πλησίον σωτηρίας. Ὅρα γοῦν πῶς ἐν καμίνῳ ὄντες, ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου παντὸς τὴν ἱκετηρίαν ἐποιοῦντο. Ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ ἐν ἀνέσει ὄντες τῶν ἀδελφῶν μνημονεύομεν. Καὶ ἡνίκα δὲ τὰ ἐνύπνια ἐζήτουν, οὐ τὸ ἑαυτῶν ἐσκόπουν, ἀλλὰ τὸ τῶν πολλῶν: ὅτι γὰρ θανάτου κατεφρόνουν, διὰ πολλῶν μετὰ ταῦτα ἔδειξαν. Πανταχοῦ δὲ ἑαυτοὺς προβάλλονται, τὸν Θεὸν δυσωπῆσαι βουλόμενοι. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲ ἑαυτοὺς ἀρκεῖν ἡγοῦντο, ἐπὶ τοὺς πατέρας καταφεύγουσιν: αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐδὲν πλέον ἔφασαν εἰσφέρειν, ἀλλ' ἢ πνεῦμα συντετριμμένον. Τούτους δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς ζηλώσωμεν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ νῦν ἕστηκεν εἰκὼν χρυσῆ, ἡ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τυραννίς. Ἀλλὰ μὴ προσέχωμεν τοῖς τυμπάνοις, μηδὲ τοῖς αὐλοῖς, μηδὲ ταῖς κινύραις, μηδὲ τῇ λοιπῇ τοῦ πλούτου φαντασίᾳ: ἀλλὰ κἂν εἰς κάμινον ἐμπεσεῖν δέῃ πενίας, ἑλώμεθα, ὥστε μὴ προσκυνῆσαι ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἔσται δρόσος ἐν μέσῳ διασυρίζουσα. Μὴ τοίνυν φρίττωμεν, πενίας ἀκούοντες κάμινον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τότε οἱ μὲν ἐμπεσόντες εἰς τὴν κάμινον ἀπεδείχθησαν λαμπρότεροι, οἱ δὲ προσκυνήσαντες ἀνῃρέθησαν. Ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν ὁμοῦ πάντα ἐγένετο: νῦν δὲ τὰ μὲν ἐνταῦθα ἔσται, τὰ δὲ ἐκεῖ, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐν τῇ μελλούσῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ προσκυνῆσαι τὸν μαμωνᾶν πενίαν ἑλόμενοι, καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ τότε ἔσονται λαμπρότεροι: οἱ δὲ πλουτοῦντες ἐνταῦθα ἀδίκως, τότε τὴν ἐσχάτην δώσουσι δίκην. Ἀπὸ ταύτης καὶ Λάζαρος τῆς καμίνου ἐξῄει, τῶν παίδων ἐκείνων οὐχ ἧττον λαμπρός: ὁ δὲ ἐν τῇ τάξει τῶν προσκυνησάντων τὴν εἰκόνα πλούσιος ἐν γεέννῃ κατεδικάζετο. Καὶ γὰρ τὰ εἰρημένα τύπος ἐκείνων. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐνταῦθα οἱ μὲν ἐμπεσόντες οὐδὲν ἔπαθον, οἱ δὲ ἔξω καθήμενοι μετὰ πολλῆς ἡρπάγησαν τῆς σφοδρότητος: οὕτω καὶ τότε ἔσται: οἱ μὲν ἅγιοι διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ πυρὸς βαδίζοντες, οὐδὲν πείσονται ἀηδὲς, ἀλλὰ καὶ φαιδροὶ φανοῦνται: οἱ δὲ τὴν εἰκόνα προσκυνήσαντες, ὄψονται τὸ πῦρ αὐτοῖς θηρίου χαλεπώτερον παντὸς ἐπιπηδῶν, καὶ καθέλκον ἔνδον. Ὥστε εἴ τις διαπιστεῖ τῇ γεέννῃ, ταύτην ἰδὼν τὴν κάμινον, ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων πιστευέτω τοῖς μέλλουσι, καὶ μὴ φοβείσθω πενίας κάμινον, ἀλλ' ἁμαρτίας κάμινον. Τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ φλὸξ καὶ ὀδύνη, ἐκεῖνο δὲ δρόσος καὶ ἄνεσις: κἀκείνῃ μὲν τῇ καμίνῳ παρέστηκεν ὁ διάβολος, ταύτῃ δὲ ἄγγελοι τινάσσοντες τὴν φλόγα. ιβʹ. Ταῦτα ἀκουέτωσαν οἱ πλουτοῦντες, οἱ τὴν κάμινον τῆς πενίας ἀνάπτοντες. Ἐκείνους μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲν βλάψουσι, τῆς δρόσου παραγενομένης αὐτοῖς: ἑαυτοὺς δὲ εὐχειρώτους ἐργάσονται τῇ φλογὶ, ἣν ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδίων ἀνῆψαν χειρῶν. Τότε μὲν οὖν ἄγγελος συγκατέβη τοῖς παισὶν ἐκείνοις: νυνὶ δὲ ἡμεῖς τοῖς ἐν καμίνῳ πενίας οὖσι συγκαταβῶμεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης ἐργασώμεθα δρόσον, καὶ ἐκτινάξωμεν τὴν φλόγα, ἵνα καὶ τῶν στεφάνων αὐτῶν γενώμεθα κοινωνοί: ἵνα καὶ τὴν φλόγα τῆς γεέννης ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διασκεδάσῃ φωνὴ ἡ λέγουσα: Πεινῶντά με εἴδετε, καὶ ἐθρέψατε. Αὕτη γὰρ ἡ φωνὴ τότε ἀντὶ δρόσου παραστήσεται ἡμῖν, διὰ μέσης συρίζουσα τῆς φλογός. Κατέλθωμεν τοίνυν μετὰ ἐλεημοσύνης εἰς τὴν τῆς πτωχείας κάμινον: ἴδωμεν τοὺς φιλοσοφοῦντας βαδίζοντας ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ τοὺς ἄνθρακας πατοῦντας: ἴδωμεν τὸ θαῦμα τὸ καινὸν καὶ παράδοξον, ἄνθρωπον ἐν καμίνῳ ψάλλοντα, ἄνθρωπον ἐν πυρὶ εὐχαριστοῦντα, πενίᾳ προσδεδεμένον ἐσχάτῃ, καὶ πολλὴν φέροντα τὴν εὐφημίαν τῷ Χριστῷ. Καὶ γὰρ τοῖς παισὶν ἐκείνοις ἴσοι γίνονται οἱ πενίαν μετ' εὐχαριστίας φέροντες. Καὶ γὰρ πυρὸς φοβερώτερον ἡ πτωχεία, καὶ μᾶλλον ἐμπιπρᾷν εἴωθεν. Ἀλλὰ τοὺς παῖδας οὐκ ἐνέπρησεν ἐκείνους, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ χάριτας ὡμολόγησαν τῷ Δεσπότῃ, καὶ τὰ δεσμὰ εὐθέως αὐτοῖς διελύετο. Οὕτω καὶ νῦν, ἂν ἐμπεσὼν εἰς πενίαν εὐχαριστήσῃς, καὶ τὰ δεσμὰ λύεται, καὶ ἡ φλὸξ σβέννυται: κἂν μὴ σβεσθῇ, τὸ πολλῷ θαυμαστότερον, ἀντὶ φλογὸς πηγὴ γίνεται: ὃ δὴ καὶ τότε συνέβη: καὶ ἐν καμίνῳ μέσῃ δρόσου καθαρᾶς ἀπέλαυον. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ πῦρ οὐκ ἔσβεσε, τὸ δὲ καυθῆναι τοὺς ἐμβληθέντας διεκώλυσε. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν φιλοσοφούντων ἔστιν ἰδεῖν: καὶ γὰρ ἐν πενίᾳ τῶν πλουτούντων ἀδεέστερον διάκεινται. Μὴ τοίνυν ἔξω τῆς καμίνου καθεζώμεθα, ἀνηλεῶς πρὸς τοὺς πένητας ἔχοντες, ἵνα μὴ πάθωμεν ὅπερ ἔπαθον τότε ἐκεῖνοι. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ καταβὰς πρὸς αὐτοὺς στήσῃ μετὰ τῶν παίδων, οὐκέτι σε οὐδὲν ἐργάσεται δεινὸν τὸ πῦρ: ἐὰν δὲ ἄνω καθήμενος περιίδῃς αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ φλογὶ τῆς πενίας, κατακαύσει σε ἡ φλόξ. Κατάβηθι τοίνυν εἰς τὸ πῦρ, ἵνα μὴ κατακαῇς ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρός: μὴ καθίσῃς ἔξω τοῦ πυρὸς, ἵνα μή σε ἁρπάσῃ ἡ φλόξ. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ ἴδῃ σε μετὰ τῶν πενήτων, ἀποστήσεταί σου: ἂν δὲ ἀλλοτριούμενον αὐτῶν, ἐπιδραμεῖταί σοι ταχέως, καὶ ἁρπάσεταί σε. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀποστῇς αὐτῶν ἐμβληθέντων: ἀλλ' ὅταν ὁ διάβολος κελεύῃ τοὺς μὴ προσκυνήσαντας τῷ χρυσῷ βαλεῖν εἰς τὴν κάμινον τῆς πενίας, μὴ τῶν ἐμβαλλόντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐμβαλλομένων γίνου, ἵνα γένῃ τῶν σωζομένων, καὶ μὴ τῶν καιομένων. Καὶ γὰρ μεγίστη δρόσος, τὸ μὴ κατέχεσθαι ἐπιθυμίᾳ πλούτου, τὸ πένησιν ὁμιλεῖν. Οὗτοι πάντων εἰσὶν εὐπορώτεροι, οἱ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τοῦ πλούτου καταπατήσαντες. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐκεῖνοι καταφρονήσαντες τότε τοῦ βασιλέως, ἐγένοντο τοῦ βασιλέως λαμπρότεροι. Καὶ σὺ τοίνυν, ἂν ὑπερίδῃς τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πραγμάτων, τοῦ κόσμου παντὸς ἔσῃ τιμιώτερος, κατὰ τοὺς ἁγίους ἐκείνους, Ὧν οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος. Ἵν' οὖν ἄξιος γένῃ τῶν οὐρανίων, καταγέλασον τῶν παρόντων. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἔσῃ λαμπρότερος, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἀπολαύσεις ἀγαθῶν χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.