5

You seek so many things, and what is always added to you does not stop the impulse, but inflames the desire. For just as for drunkards the addition of wine becomes an occasion for drinking, so also the newly rich, having acquired many things, desire more, feeding their disease with what is always added, and their eagerness is turned to the opposite effect. For their present possessions, being so great, do not gladden them as much as they are grieved by what is lacking, whatever they may suppose they lack; so that their soul is always wasted away by cares, as they make their contest for what is excessive. For they ought to rejoice and be thankful, being wealthier than so many; but they are vexed and pained, because they fall short of one or another of the super-rich. Whenever they overtake this rich man, they immediately strive to be equal to a richer one; and if they should reach that one, they transfer their zeal to another. For just as those who ascend ladders, always lifting their foot to the rung above, do not stop before they reach the top; so also these men do not cease from their impulse for power, until, having been exalted, they dash themselves down from a lofty fall. The creator of all things contrived for the seleukis bird to be insatiable for the benefit of men; but you for the harm of the many to be insatiable the creator of all things contrived; but you for the harm of the many have made your own soul insatiable. Whatever the eye sees, the greedy man desires; The eye will not be filled with seeing; and the lover of money will not be sated with receiving. Hades has not said, "It is enough," nor has the greedy man ever said, "It is enough." When will you use your present possessions? When will you enjoy them, being always constrained by the labors of acquisition? Woe to those who join house to house, and add field to field, that they may take something from their neighbor. But what do you do? Do you not make countless pretexts, in order to take what belongs to your neighbor? The neighbor's house, he says, casts a shadow on me, it makes noises, or it shelters vagrants, or making whatever accusation he happens upon, harassing, and pushing out, and always dragging, and tearing, he does not cease, until he has brought upon them the necessity of moving away. What killed Naboth the Jezreelite? Was it not Ahab's desire for the vineyard? An evil housemate in the city, evil in the fields, is the greedy man. The sea knows its boundaries; the night does not transgress ancient landmarks. But the greedy man does not respect time, he knows no limit, he does not permit the order of succession, but he imitates the violence of fire; he seizes everything, he consumes everything. And just as rivers, rushing forth from a small beginning, then through gradual additions achieving irresistible growth, with the violence of their current sweep away what stands in their way; so also those who have advanced to great power, acquiring from those already oppressed the power to wrong more people, by means of those previously wronged they enslave the rest, and the abundance of their wickedness becomes for them an increase of power. For those who have previously suffered evil, offering them forced assistance, join in laboring at the harms and injustices against others. For what neighbor, what housemate, what business partner is not swept away? Nothing withstands the violence of wealth. All things submit to its tyranny, all things cower before its power, since each of the wronged considers it more important not to suffer some additional evil than to get justice for what has already happened. He brings on his yokes of oxen, he plows, he sows, he reaps what is not his. If you speak against it, there are beatings; if you lament, accusations of insolence, you are subject to arrest, you will dwell in the prison, the false accusers are ready, placing you in danger for your very life. You will be content, and giving something more, to be rid of the troubles.

5

τοσαῦτα ἐπιζητεῖς, καὶ ἀεί σοι τὸ προστιθέμενον, οὐχὶ τὴν ὁρμὴν ἵστησιν, ἀλλ' ἀναφλέγει τὴν ὄρεξιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τοῖς μεθύουσιν ἀφορμὴ τοῦ πίνειν ἡ προσθήκη τοῦ οἴνου γίνεται, οὕτω καὶ οἱ νεόπλουτοι, πολλὰ κτησάμενοι, πλειόνων ἐπιθυμοῦσι, τῷ ἀεὶ προστιθεμένῳ τὴν νόσον τρέφοντες, καὶ περιτρέπεται αὐτοῖς ἡ σπουδὴ πρὸς τὸ ἐναντίον. Οὐ γὰρ εὐφραίνει αὐτοὺς τὰ παρόντα τοσαῦτα ὄντα, ὅσον λυπεῖ τὰ ἐνδέοντα ἅπερ ἂν αὐτοῖς ἐλλείπειν ὑπόθωνται· ὥστε ἀεὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῖς ταῖς μερίμναις ἐκτήκεσθαι, πρὸς τὸ ὑπερβάλλον τὴν ἅμιλλαν ποιουμένοις. ∆έον γὰρ εὐφραίνεσθαι καὶ χάριν ἔχειν, τοσούτων ὄντας εὐπορωτέρους· οἱ δὲ δυσφο ροῦσιν καὶ ὀδυνῶνται, ὅτι ἑνός που ἢ δευτέρου τῶν ὑπερπλουτούντων ἀπολιμπάνονται. Ὅταν τοῦτον τὸν πλούσιον καταλάβωσιν, εὐθὺς τῷ πλου σιωτέρῳ παρισωθῆναι φιλονεικοῦσιν· κἂν ἐπ' ἐκεῖνον φθάσωσιν, ἐπὶ τὸν ἄλλον τὴν σπουδὴν μεταφέρουσιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ τὰς κλίμακας ἀναβαί νοντες, ἀεὶ πρὸς τὴν ὑπερκειμένην βαθμίδα τὸ ἴχνος αἴροντες, οὐ πρό τερον ἵστανται πρὶν ἂν τῆς ἄκρας ἐφίκωνται· οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι οὐ παύονται τῆς κατὰ τὴν δυναστείαν ὁρμῆς, ἕως ἂν ὑψωθέντες, ἀπὸ μετεώρου τοῦ πτώματος ἑαυτοὺς καταῤῥάξωσιν. Τὴν σελευκίδα τὸ ὄρνεον ἐπ' εὐεργεσίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀκόρεστον εἶναι ὁ κτίστης τῶν ὅλων ἐμηχανήσατο· σὺ δὲ ἐπὶ βλάβῃ τῶν πολλῶν ἀκόρεστον εἶναι ὁ κτίστης τῶν ὅλων ἐμηχανήσατο· σὺ δὲ ἐπὶ βλάβῃ τῶν πολλῶν ἀκόρεστον τὴν σεαυτοῦ ψυχὴν κατεσκεύασας. Ὅσα βλέπει ὀφθαλμὸς, τοσούτων ἐπιθυμεῖ ὁ πλεονέκτης· Οὐ πλησθήσεται ὀφθαλμὸς τοῦ ὁρᾷν· καὶ οὐ κορεσθήσεται φιλάργυρος τοῦ λαμβάνειν. Ὁ ᾅδης οὐκ εἶπεν· Ἀρκεῖ, οὐδὲ ὁ πλεονέκτης εἶπέ ποτε· Ἀρκεῖ. Πότε χρήσῃ τοῖς παροῦσι; πότε ἀπολαύσεις αὐτῶν, ἀεὶ τοῖς πόνοις τῆς κτήσεως συνεχόμενος; Οὐαὶ οἱ συνάπτοντες οἰκίαν πρὸς οἰκίαν, καὶ ἀγρὸν πρὸς ἀγρὸν ἐγγίζοντες, ἵνα τοῦ πλησίον ἀφέλωνταί τι· Σὺ δὲ τί ποιεῖς; Οὐ προφασίζῃ μυρία, ἵνα λάβῃς τὰ τοῦ πλησίον; Ἐπισκοτεῖ μοι, φησὶν, ἡ τοῦ γείτονος οἰκία, θορύβους ἐνίησιν, ἢ τὸ πλανώμενον ὑποδέχεται, ἢ ὅ τι ἂν τύχῃ αἰτιασάμενος, περιελαύνων, καὶ ἐξωθῶν, καὶ ἕλκων ἀεὶ, καὶ σπαράσσων, οὐ πρότερον παύεται, πρὶν ἂν ἐπαγάγῃ αὐτοῖς ἀνάγκην μετα ναστάσεως. Τί τὸν Ναβουθὲ τὸν Ἰεζραηλίτην ἀπέκτεινεν; Οὐχ ἡ τοῦ Ἀχαὰβ ἐπιθυμία τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος; Πονηρὸς ἐν πόλει σύνοικος, πονηρὸς ἐν ἀγροῖς, ὁ πλεονέκτης. Ἡ θάλασσα οἶδεν τὰ ὅρια αὐτῆς· ἡ νὺξ οὐχ ὑπερβαίνει ὁροθεσίας ἀρχαίας. Ὁ δὲ πλεονέκτης οὐκ αἰδεῖται χρόνον, οὐ γνωρίζει ὅρον, οὐ συγχωρεῖ ἀκολουθίαν διαδοχῆς, ἀλλὰ μιμεῖται τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν βίαν· πάντα ἐπιλαμβάνει, πάντα ἐπινέμεται. Καὶ ὥσπερ οἱ ποταμοὶ, ἐκ μικρᾶς τῆς πρώτης ἀρχῆς ὁρμηθέντες, εἶτα ταῖς κατ' ὀλίγον προσθήκαις ἀνυπόστατον λαβόντες τὴν αὔξησιν, τῷ βιαίῳ τῆς φορᾶς τὸ ἐνιστάμενον παρασύρουσιν· οὕτω καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ μέγα τῆς δυνάμεως προελ θόντες, ἐκ τῶν ἤδη καταδυναστευθέντων τὴν τοῦ πλείονας ἀδικεῖν δύναμιν προσλαμβάνοντες, τοῖς προηδικημένοις τοὺς λειπομένους καταδουλοῦν ται, καὶ γίνεται αὐτοῖς δυνάμεως αὔξησις ἡ περιουσία τῆς πονηρίας. Οἱ γὰρ προπεπονθότες κακῶς, ἠναγκασμένην αὐτοῖς παρεχόμενοι τὴν βοή θειαν, τὰς καθ' ἑτέρων βλάβας καὶ ἀδικίας συνεκπονοῦσιν. Ποῖος γὰρ γείτων, ποῖος σύνοικος, τίς συναλλάκτης οὐ παρασύρεται; Οὐδὲν ὑφίσταται τὴν βίαν τοῦ πλούτου· Πάντα ὑποκύπτει τῇ τυραννίδι, πάντα ὑποπτήσσει τὴν δυναστείαν, πλείονα λόγον ἑκάστου τῶν ἠδικημένων ἔχοντος μὴ προσπαθεῖν τι κακὸν, ἢ δίκην λαβεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν φθασάντων. Ἐπάγει τὰ ζεύγη τῶν βοῶν, ἀροτριᾷ, κατασπείρει, θερίζει τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα. Ἐὰν ἀντείπῃς, αἱ πληγαί· ἐὰν ὀδύρῃ, ὕβρεων γραφαὶ, ἀγώγιμος εἶ, οἰκήσεις τὸ δεσμωτήριον, οἱ συκοφάνται εὐτρεπεῖς, εἰς τὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ζῇν κίνδυνον καθιστῶντες. Ἀγαπήσεις, καὶ ἄλλο τι προσδοὺς, ἀπηλλάχθαι πραγμάτων.