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words, you might know that this word was translated by one pair or two because of the two adjacent points. And these are called both together or similar. But so that this might be smooth for you and easy to grasp, I will speak about this too. When you find, as is contained in the seventieth psalm "my mouth will declare your righteousness" instead of "will declare your righteousness," "will declare your righteous acts." And again in the seventy-first psalm, "and their name is precious in his sight." And instead of this is set forth, also "their name is precious in his eyes." And thus in many places you would find nothing lacking or altered, but being the same thing but named differently, so as not to be other things spoken both ways besides these. Thus it was marked by the lemniscus, as a word so pronounced was found in one pair or two pairs. And these things again we have said concerning the lemniscus. And in the same way we will also explain about the hypolemniscus, so that you may know that wherever this sign is found placed below, which is a simple line, having the shape of an obelus, but having a dot, that is, a point, placed below it, this sign indicates the type of the hypolemniscus. Therefore, wherever it is found placed beside a certain word, it is indicated that the word was brought forth by one pair of translators somewhere, as the one dot shows. And it is itself also both together or cognate with the word on which it is placed. This is our discourse about the asterisk and obelus and lemniscus and hypolemniscus, most excellent lover of the beautiful. But we must also explain the subject of these things that have been said. For knowledge of these things will be useful to you from the very undertaking of the narrative about them, showing who, from where and when and of what sort each of them was, and what the reason was for him to translate. And the first translators of the same divine scripture from the Hebrew dialect into the Greek were seventy-two men in number, who translated this first translation in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus, who were chosen from the twelve tribes of Israel, six men from each tribe, as Aristaeus set forth in his composition. † And their names are these. First from the tribe of Reuben: Joseph, Hezekiah, Zacharias, John, Hezekiah, Elisha. Second from the tribe of Simeon: Judas, Simon, Samuel, Addai, Mattathias, Selemias. Third from the tribe of Levi: Nehemiah, Joseph, Theodosius, Basaios, Ornias, Dakis. Fourth from the tribe of Judah: Jonathan, Abraios, Elisha, Ananias, Zacharias, Helkias. Fifth from the tribe of Issachar: Isaac, Jacob, Jesus, Sabbataios, Simon, Levi. Sixth from the tribe of Zebulun: Judas, Joseph, Simon, Zacharias, Samuel, Selemias. Seventh from the tribe of Gad: Sabbataios, Sedekias, Jacob, Isaac, Isias, Matthew. Eighth from the tribe of Asher: Theodosius, Jason, Jesus, Theodotus, John, Jonathan. Ninth from the tribe of Dan: Theophilus, Abram, Arsamos, Jason, Endemias, Daniel. Tenth from the tribe of Naphtali: Jeremias, Eliezer, Zacharias, Banaias, Elisha, Dathaios. Eleventh from the tribe of Joseph: Samuel, Joseph, Judas, Jonathan, Caleb, Dositheus. Twelfth from the tribe of Benjamin: Isalos, John, Theodosius, Arsamos, Abitos, Ezekiel. These are the names of the seventy-two translators whom we mentioned before. † Concerning whom we narrated in part above by means of the asterisks and the obeli and concerning the other translators, that is Aquila and Symmachus and the rest, here we will also explain the reasons to you, most excellent lover of the beautiful. For the second Ptolemy who reigned over Alexandria after the first Ptolemy, the one surnamed Philadelphus, as has been said before, was a certain man who was a lover of the beautiful and a lover of letters, who, having established a library in the same city of Alexander in the Brucheion

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λέξεσι, γνοίης ὅτι ὑπὸ μιᾶς ζυγῆς ἢ δύο αὕτη ἡρμηνεύθη ἡ λέξις διὰ τὰ παρακείμενα δύο κεντήματα. Καλεῖται δὲ ταῦτα συναμφότερα ἢ ὅμοια. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ τοῦτο λεῖόν σοι εἴη καὶ εὐπερίδρακτον καὶ περὶ τούτου ἐρῶ. Ὅταν εὕρῃς ὡς ἐν ἑβδομηκοστῷ ψαλμῷ ἐμφέρεται «τὸ στόμα μου ἀναγγελεῖ τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου» ἀντὶ τοῦ «ἀναγγελεῖ τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου», «ἀναγγελεῖ τὰς δικαιοσύνας σου». Πάλιν δὲ ἐν τῷ ἑβδομηκοστῷ πρώτῳ ψαλμῷ «καὶ ἔντιμον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ». Ἀντὶ δὲ τούτου πρόκειται, καὶ «ἔντιμον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ». Καὶ οὕτως εἰς πολλοὺς τόπους εὕροις οὐδὲν μὲν ἐλλιπὲς ὑπάρχον οὐδὲ παρηλλαγμένον, ἀλλὰ τὸ αὐτὸ μὲν ὑπάρχον διαφόρως δὲ ὀνομαζόμενον, ὡς εἶναι οὐ παρὰ ταῦτα ἄλλα συναμφοτέρως ἐκφωνούμενα. Οὕτω διὰ τὸν λιμνίσκον ἐσημειώθη ὡς παρὰ μιᾷ ζυγῇ ἢ δυσὶ ζυγαῖς εὑρεθέντος τοῦ οὕτως ἐκφωνηθέντος λόγου. Καὶ ταῦτα πάλιν περὶ λιμνίσκου εἴπομεν. Τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον καὶ περὶ τοῦ ὑπολιμνίσκου δηλώσομεν, ὅπως γνῷς, ὅτι ὅπου εὑρίσκεται τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο ὑποκείμενον, ὃ ἐστὶν ἁπλῆ γραμμή, ὀβελοῦ τὸ σχῆμα ἔχουσα, ὑποκειμένην δὲ ἔχουσα στιγμὴν ἤγουν κέντημα, τοῦτο τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ ὑπολιμνίσκου τύπον δηλοῖ. Ὅπου οὖν εὑρεθῇ λέξει τινὶ παρακείμενος, δηλοῦται ὑπὸ μιᾶς που ζυγῆς ἑρμηνευτῶν ἐξενεχθεὶς ὁ λόγος, καθ' ὃ ἡ μία στιγμὴ ὑποφαίνει. Καί ἐστι καὶ αὐτὸ συναμφότερον ἢ συνάδελφον τῇ λέξει, ᾗ ἐπίκειται. Αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἡμῶν περὶ ἀστερίσκου καὶ ὀβελοῦ καὶ λιμνίσκου καὶ ὑπολιμνίσκου φράσις, φιλοκαλώτατε. ∆εῖ δὲ ἡμᾶς καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν εἰρημένων τὴν ὑπόθεσιν δηλῶσαι. Χρησιμεύσει γάρ σοι καὶ ἡ περὶ τούτων γνῶσις ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς ἐπιβολῆς τῆς περὶ αὐτῶν διηγήσεως, ὑποδεικνύουσα τίς, πόθεν καὶ πότε καὶ γένους ποίου ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ὑπῆρξε, καὶ τοῦ ἑρμηνεῦσαι τίς αὐτῷ γέγονεν ἡ αἰτία. Καὶ πρῶτοι μὲν ἑρμηνευταὶ γεγόνασι τῆς αὐτῆς θείας γραφῆς ἀπὸ ἑβραϊκῆς διαλέκτου εἰς ἑλληνίδα ἑβδομήκοντα δύο ἄνδρες τὸν ἀριθμόν, τὴν αὐτὴν πρώτην ἑρμηνείαν ἐπὶ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Φιλαδέλφου ἑρμηνεύσαντες, οἵτινες ἐξελέγησαν ἐκ τῶν δώδεκα φυλῶν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, ἓξ ἄνδρες κατὰ φυλήν, ὡς ἐξέδωκεν Ἀρισταῖος ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ συντάγματι. † Τὰ δὲ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν ἐστι τάδε. Πρῶτον ἐκ φυλῆς Ῥουβὴν Ἰωσῆ, Ἐζεκίας, Ζαχαρίας, Ἰωάννης, Ἐζεκίας, Ἐλισσαῖος. ∆εύτερον ἐκ φυλῆς ΣυμεὼνἸούδας, Σίμων, Σαμούηλος, Ἀδαῖος, Ματταθίας, Σελεμίας. Τρίτον ἐκ φυλῆς Λευὶ Νεεμίας, Ἰώσηφος, Θεοδόσιος, Βασαῖος, Ὀρνίας, ∆άκις. Τέταρτον ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰούδα Ἰωνάθαν, Ἀβραῖος, Ἐλισσαῖος, Ἀνανί Ζαχαρίας, Χελκίας. Πέμπτον ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰσσάχαρ Ἴσακος, Ἰάκωβος, Ἰησοῦς, Σαμβαταῖος, Σίμων, Λευίς. Ἕκτον ἐκ φυλῆς Ζαβουλὼν Ἰούδας, Ἰώσηφος, Σίμων, Ζαχαρίας, Ζαμούηλος, Σελεμίας. Ἕβδομον ἐκ φυλῆς Γὰδ Σαμβαταῖος, Σεδεκίας, Ἰάκωβος, Ἴσακος, Ἰεισίας, Ματθαῖος. Ὄγδοἐκ φυλῆς Ἀσὴρ Θεοδόσιος, Ἰάσων, Ἰησοῦς, Θεόδοτος, ἸωάννηςἸωνάθαν. Ἔνατον ἐκ φυλῆς ∆ὰν Θεόφιλος, Ἄβραμος, Ἄρσαμος, ἸάσωἘνδεμίας, ∆ανίηλος. ∆έκατον ἐκ φυλῆς Νεφθαλεὶμ Ἱερεμίας, Ἐλιέζερος, Ζαχαρίας, Βαναίας, Ἐλισσαῖος, ∆αθαῖος. Ἑνδέκατον ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰωσὴ Σαμούηλος, Ἰώσηφος, Ἰούδας, Ἰωνάθαν, Χαλέβ, ∆οσίθεος. ∆ωδέκατον ἐφυλῆς Βενιαμὶν Ἴσαλος, Ἰωάννης, Θεοδόσιος, Ἄρσαμος, Ἀβῖτος, Ἐκιήλ. Ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ ὀνόματα, ὧν προείπομεν ἑβδομήκοντα δύο ἑρμηνευτῶν. † Περὶ ὧν ἀνωτέρω διὰ τῶν ἀστερίσκων καὶ τῶν ὀβελῶν καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἑρμηνευτῶν, τοῦτ' ἔστιν Ἀκύλα καὶ Συμμάχου καὶ λοιπῶν ἀπὸ μέρους διηγησάμεθα, ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὰς αἰτίας σοι δηλώσομεν φιλοκαλώτατε. Ὁ γὰρ μετὰ τὸν πρῶτον Πτολεμαῖον δεύτερος βασιλεύσας Ἀλεξανδρείας Πτολεμαῖος, ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Φιλάδελφος, ὡς προείρηται, φιλόκαλός τις ἀνὴρ καὶ φιλόλογος γεγένηται, ὅστις βιβλιοθήκην κατασκευάσας ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου πόλεως ἐν τῷ Βρουχίῳ