are properispomenon; 20lily, riddle, equal.20 6.47 Those ending in -os, with i as the penultimate letter, are paroxytone; 20sword, throng,20 except for 20whirl, harm, choking, victory, slope, hatred, fat,20 and 20filth20 written with a simple upsilon; but 20shuddering20 is made paroxytone by custom, even though the ancients made it properispomenon. 6.48 Neuters ending in -u shorten it, so that 20flock, moly,20 and similar words are properispomenon. 6.49 Neuters in -ulon are properispomenon; 20spoil, tribe20 (the kind), 20pillage20 (the theft), except for 20wood20 and 20leaf.20 6.50 Those ending in -os with u as the penultimate letter are properispomenon; 20filth, hollow, hide, seaweed;20 but 20cold20 and 20rag20 are paroxytone. 6.51 Neuters in -aon coming from the diphthong ai have a long a and are properispomenon; 20the wailing, the burning.20

7.t Concerning verbs. 1 7.52 Of verbs in -ano, those with more than two syllables are shortened;

20I learn, I happen,20 so that also the neuters, 20the learning, the happening,20 and similar ones are paroxytone; but 20the arriving20 and 20the reaching20 irregularly have a long a and are properispomenon; 20the anticipating20 and the other disyllables are paroxytone. For the rule says: if, however, the future is perispomenon, the aorist also lengthens its penultimate syllable; at any rate, the infinitives of these are properispomenon; 20to anticipate, to fatten,20 and similar ones; with these also 20to run away;20 but 20to say20 instead of to speak is paroxytone, and 20to stand;20 for the *sta* is short, in accordance with 20to place, to give;20 but indeed also 20to yoke, to show.20 7.53 20I laugh, I will laugh20 the doubtful vowels are short; Why? When the present tense has the a, then also the future is pronounced with a short a; 20I laugh, I will laugh; I approach, I will approach;20 from the future, then, the aorist of such verbs is also shortened in the penultimate syllable, and is paroxytone in the infinitives; 20I laughed, to laugh; I crushed, to crush;20 for the rule says: in general the aorist has a long penultimate, unless it has the short vowel from the future. And you would recognize the future with a short penultimate from the passive perfect having the sigma before the last syllable; 20I have been prepared, I have been wounded, I have been told, I have been laughed at;20 for the rule says: when the penultimate of the future is short, the passive perfect adds the sigma. 7.54 20I judge, I will judge,20 the aorist 20I judged20 and the infinitive 20to judge;20 thus also 20to incline, to sift;20 for the rule says: if, however, the future is perispomenon, the aorist also lengthens the penultimate syllable. Following these are also 20to reward20 and 20to raise,20 and similar words. And the imperatives of the first aorist are subject to the rule and are properispomenon; 20judge20 and 20incline,20 and 20raise20 and suchlike. 7.55 20To enlighten, to purify, to sanctify20 are paroxytone, since according to the penultimate of the future, being short, the penultimate of the aorist is also short; that the penultimate of the future is such is clear from the passive perfect having the sigma before the final syllable; 20I have been enlightened, I have been purified, I have been sanctified.20 7.56 Verbs in -io with more than two syllables shorten the iota; 20I roll, I eat; the rolling, the eating,20 and suchlike are paroxytone; but also 20I will roll20 and 20I will be wroth20 have a short penultimate; and it is clear from the passive perfect, according to the rule, taking the sigma, so that also the infinitives 20to roll20 and 20to be wroth20 are paroxytone. The disyllable 20I honor20 has a long iota, whence also 20the honoring20 is properispomenon; and along with it also the infinitive 20to honor.20 7.57 20I urge on, I distress,20 and suchlike have a long

προπε-ρισπῶνται· 20κρῖνον, γρῖφον, ἶσον.20 6.47 Τὰ εἰς ος τῷ ι παραληγόμενα παροξύνονται· 20ξίφος, στίφος,20 πλὴν τοῦ 20δῖνος, σῖνος, πνῖγος, νῖκος, κλῖτος, μῖσος, λῖπος,20 καὶ 20μῦσος20 διὰ τοῦ υ ψιλοῦ γραφόμενον· τὸ δὲ 20ῥίγος20 ἡ συνήθεια παρο-ξύνει, κἂν οἱ ἀρχαῖοι προπερισπῶσι. 6.48 Τὰ εἰς υ λήγοντα οὐδέτερα συστέλλει αὐτό, ὥστε τὸ 20πῶυ, μῶλυ,20 καὶ τὰ ὅμοια προπερισπῶνται. 6.49 Τὰ διὰ τοῦ υλον οὐδέτερα προπερισπῶνται· 20σκῦλον, φῦλον20 τὸ γένος, 20σῦλον20 τὸ κλέμμα, πλὴν τοῦ 20ξύλον20 καὶ 20φύλλον.20 6.50 Τὰ εἰς ος τῷ υ παραληγόμενα προπερισπῶνται· 20μῦσος, κῦτος, σκῦτος, φῦκος· ψύχος20 δὲ καὶ 20τρύχος20 παροξύνονται. 6.51 Τὰ διὰ τοῦ αον οὐδέτερα ἀπὸ τῆς αι διφθόγγου γινό-μενα μακρὸν ἔχουσι τὸ α καὶ προπερισπῶνται· 20τὸ κλαῖον τὸ κλᾶον, τὸ καῖον τὸ κᾶον.20

7.τ Περὶ ῥημάτων. 1 7.52 Τῶν διὰ τοῦ ανω ῥημάτων τὰ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ὄντα βραχύνονται·

20μανθάνω, τυγχάνω,20 ὥστε καὶ τὰ οὐδέ-τερα, 20τὸ μανθάνον, τὸ τυγχάνον,20 καὶ τὰ ὅμοια παρ-οξύνονται· τὸ δὲ 20ἱκᾶνον20 καὶ τὸ 20κιχᾶνον20 παραλόγως μακρὸν ἔχουσι τὸ α καὶ προπερισπῶνται· 20τὸ φθάνον20 καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ δισύλλαβα παροξύνονται. Λέγει γὰρ ὁ κανών· εἰ μέντοι περισπῷτο ὁ μέλλων, καὶ τὴν παραλήγουσαν αὐτοῦ ἐκτείνει ὁ ἀόριστος· τὰ γοῦν ἀπαρ-έμφατα τούτων προπερισπῶνται· 20φᾶναι, λιπᾶναι,20 καὶ τὰ ὅμοια· σὺν τούτοις καὶ τὸ 20δρᾶναι ἀποδρᾶναι· φάναι20 δὲ ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰπεῖν παροξύνεται, καὶ 20ἱστάναι·20 τὸ στα βραχὺ γὰρ ἔχει κατ' ἀκολουθίαν τοῦ 20τιθέναι, διδό-ναι·20 ἀλλὰ δὴ καὶ τὸ 20ζευγνύναι, δεικνύναι.20 7.53 20Γελάω γελάσω20 βραχέα τὰ δίχρονα· διὰ τί; Ἡνίκα ἔχει ὁ ἐνεστὼς τὸ α, τότε καὶ ὁ μέλλων διὰ βραχέος τοῦ α ἐκφέρεται· 20γελάω γελάσω, πελάω πελάσω·20 ἐκ τοῦ μέλλοντος λοιπὸν καὶ ὁ ἀόριστος τῶν τοιούτων βραχύνεται κατὰ τὴν παραλήγουσαν, καὶ παροξύνεται ἐν τοῖς ἀπαρεμφά-τοις· 20ἐγέλασα γελάσαι, ἔθλασα θλάσαι·20 λέγει γὰρ ὁ κανών· καθόλου ὁ ἀόριστος μακρᾷ παραλήγεται, εἰ μὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ μέλλοντος ἔχει τὸ βραχύ. Ἐπιγνοίης δὲ τὸν μέλλοντα βραχείᾳ παραληγόμενον ἐκ τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου ἔχοντος τὸ σ πρὸ τῆς τελευταίας συλλαβῆς· 20ἡτοίμασμαι, οὔτασμαι, πέφρασμαι, γεγέλασμαι·20 λέγει γὰρ ὁ κανών· βραχείας οὔσης τῆς παραληγούσης τοῦ μέλλοντος προσλαμβάνει ὁ παθητικὸς παρακείμενος τὸ σ. 7.54 20Κρίνω κρινῶ,20 ὁ ἀόριστος 20ἔκρινα20 καὶ τὸ ἀπαρέμ-φατον 20κρῖναι·20 οὕτως καὶ τὸ 20κλῖναι, σῖναι·20 λέγει γὰρ ὁ κανών· εἰ μέντοι περισπῷτο ὁ μέλλων, καὶ τὴν παραλήγου-σαν ἐκτείνει ὁ ἀόριστος. Τούτοις ἀκολουθεῖ καὶ τὸ 20γερᾶραι20 καὶ 20ἆραι,20 καὶ τὰ παραπλήσια. Καὶ τὰ προστακτικὰ δὲ τοῦ πρώτου ἀορίστου ὑπόκειται τῷ κανόνι καὶ προπερισπᾶται· 20κρῖνον20 καὶ 20κλῖνον,20 καὶ 20ἆρον20 καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα. 7.55 Τὸ 20φωτίσαι, ἁγνίσαι, ἁγιάσαι20 παροξύνονται, ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ μέλλοντος παραλήγουσαν, βραχεῖαν οὖσαν, ἔστι καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἀορίστου βραχεῖα· ὅτι δὲ ἡ τοῦ μέλλοντος τοιαύτη, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου τὸ σ ἔχοντος πρὸ τῆς ἐσχάτης συλλαβῆς· 20πεφώτισμαι, ἥγνισμαι, ἡγίασμαι.20 7.56 Τὰ διὰ τοῦ ιω ῥήματα ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς συστέλλουσι τὸ ι· 20κυλίω, ἐσθίω· τὸ κυλίον, τὸ ἐσθίον,20 καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα παροξύνονται· ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ 20κυλίσω20 καὶ τὸ 20μηνίσω20 βραχεῖαν ἔχουσι τὴν παραλήγουσαν· καὶ δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου κατὰ τὸν κανόνα τὸ σ προσλαμ-βάνοντος, ὥστε καὶ τὸ 20κυλίσαι20 καὶ 20μηνίσαι20 ἀπαρέμφατα παροξύνονται. Τὸ 20τίω20 δισύλλαβον μακρὸν ἔχει τὸ ι, ὅθεν καὶ τὸ 20τῖον20 προπερισπᾶται· σὺν δὲ καὶ τὸ 20τῖσαι20 ἀπαρέμφατον. 7.57 20Ὀτρύνω, ἀλγύνω,20 καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα μακρὸν ἔχουσι τὸ