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in Egypt all at once, whose generation was not held to such a multitude by any customary sequence of nature, but the command itself for the constitution of the frogs innovated the nature of the animal that then appeared, so that all of Egypt, being constrained in their dwellings by these beasts, was being destroyed, but the life of the Hebrews was pure of this unpleasantness. 1.28 Thus the air provided no distinction of night and day to the Egyptians, as they remained in a like gloom, but for the Hebrews, nothing was innovated in these things beyond the usual. And all the other things in the same way, the hail, the fire, the boils, the gnats, the dog-flies, the cloud of locusts, each worked against the Egyptians according to its nature, but the Hebrews knew the suffering of their neighbors by rumors and reports, receiving no attack of such things among themselves. Then the death of the firstborn made the distinction of the Hebrew from the Egyptian more precise, the ones being thrown into confusion with lamentations at the loss of their dearest, the others remaining in all quiet and safety, for whom salvation was secured by the sprinkling of the blood, as every entrance on both sides of the doorposts, together with the lintel joined to them, was marked by the blood. 1.29 At this, with the Egyptians being struck by the disaster of the firstborn and each one by himself and all in common bewailing their sufferings, Moses leads the Israelites in the exodus, having prepared them, under the pretext of borrowing, to carry away with them the wealth of the Egyptians. And when they had made a three days’ journey outside of Egypt, the history says again that the Egyptian took it hard that Israel did not remain in slavery and having equipped all his subjects for war, he attacked the people with his cavalry force. But they, seeing the preparation of the horses and the weapons, being inexperienced in war and unpracticed in such sights, were immediately struck with fear and conspired against Moses, when the history also says the most paradoxical thing about Moses, being divided in two in his actions, on the one hand, with his voice and word, to encourage the Israelites and exhort them to have good hopes, but inwardly, in his mind, to bring to God the supplication on behalf of the terrified and to be guided by counsel from above as to how he might escape the danger, with God himself, as the history says, hearing his unspoken cry. 1.30 But as a cloud by divine power was leading the people, not according to common nature (for its substance was not from any vapors or exhalations, with the air being thickened by vapors through the misty constitution and being compressed upon itself by winds, but something better and higher than human comprehension), with that cloud, as the Scripture witnesses, the wonder was such that also, when the ray of the sun shone warmly, it was a partition for the people, both shading what was below and moistening the fiery quality of the air with a fine dew, and through the night it became fire, from evening to dawn, torch-bearing the light for the Israelites with its own illumination.

1.31 Moses himself looking toward this and having taught the people to follow the phenomenon, when they came to the Red Sea, with the cloud guiding them there on their journey, with the whole army of the Egyptians having encircled the people from behind, with no escape from the dangers remaining for them from anywhere, being trapped in the middle of enemies and water, then Moses, urged on by divine power, accomplished the most incredible of all things. For having approached the shore, he strikes the sea with his rod; and it was split by the blow, and, just as it is in the nature of glass to do, if a break begins in some part of it, it goes straight through to the other end, so all of the sea

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Αἰγύπτῳ κατὰ τὸ ἁθρόον, ὧν ἡ γένεσις οὐκ ἀκολουθίᾳ τινὶ φύσεως νενομισμένῃ πρὸς τοσοῦτον ἐχέθη πλῆθος, ἀλλ' αὐτὸ τὸ πρόσταγμα τῆς τῶν βατράχων συστά σεως τὴν ἀναφανεῖσαν τότε τοῦ ζῴου φύσιν ἐκαινοτόμησε, τὸ μὲν Αἰγύπτιον ἅπαν τοῖς θηρίοις τούτοις κατὰ τὰς οἰκήσεις στενοχωρούμενον κατεφθείρετο, τῶν δὲ Ἑβραίων τῆς ἀηδίας ταύτης ἐκαθάρευεν ἡ ζωή. 1.28 Οὕτως ὁ ἀὴρ τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις μὲν οὐδεμίαν νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας παρεῖχε διάκρισιν, ἐν ὁμοίῳ διαμενόντων τῷ ζόφῳ, τοῖς δὲ Ἑβραίοις οὐδὲν ἐν τούτοις ἐκαινοτομεῖτο παρὰ τὸ σύνηθες. Καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον, ἡ χάλαζα, τὸ πῦρ, αἱ φλυκτίδες, οἱ σκνίπες, αἱ κυνόμυιαι, τῶν ἀκρίδων τὸ νέφος, κατὰ μὲν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἕκαστον καθὸ πέφυκεν ἐνήργει, οἱ δὲ Ἑβραῖοι φήμαις καὶ διηγήμασι τὸ τῶν συνοικούντων πάθος ἐγίνωσκον, οὐδεμίαν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς προσβολὴν τῶν τοιούτων δεχόμενοι. Εἶτα τῶν πρωτοτόκων ὁ ὄλεθρος ἀκριβεστέραν ἐποίει τοῦ Ἑβραίου πρὸς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον τὴν διάκρισιν, τῶν μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν φιλτάτων ἀπωλείᾳ συγχεομένων τοῖς θρήνοις, τῶν δὲ ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ πάσῃ καὶ ἀσφαλείᾳ διαμενόντων, οἷς ἡ σωτηρία τῇ προσχύσει τοῦ αἵματος κατησφαλίσθη, κατὰ πᾶσαν εἴσοδον ἑκατέρωθεν τῶν σταθμῶν μετὰ τῆς ἐπεζευγμένης αὐτοῖς φλιᾶς καταση μανθέντων διὰ τοῦ αἵματος. 1.29 Ἐπὶ τούτοις τῶν Αἰγυπτίων τῇ τῶν πρωτοτόκων συμφορᾷ βεβλημένων καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἑκάστου καὶ κοινῇ πάντων ὀλοφυρομένων τὰ πάθη, καθηγεῖται τῆς ἐξόδου τοῖς Ἰσραηλίταις ὁ Μωϋσῆς, προπαρασκευάσας αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ σχήματι χρήσεως μεθ' ἑαυτῶν τὸν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων πλοῦτον ἀνακομίσασθαι. Καὶ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν ἔξω τῆς Αἰγύπτου γεγενημένων, πάλιν φησὶν ἡ ἱστορία χαλεπὸν ποιήσασθαι τὸν Αἰγύπτιον τὸ μὴ παραμεῖναι τῇ δουλείᾳ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ καὶ πολεμικῶς ἅπαν συσκευάσαντα τὸ ὑπήκοον διὰ τῆς ἱππικῆς δυνάμεως ἐπιδραμεῖν τῷ λαῷ, τὸν δὲ θεασάμενον τὴν τῶν ἵππων τε καὶ τῶν ὅπλων παρασκευήν, ἀπειρο πόλεμον ὄντα καὶ τῶν τοιούτων θεαμάτων ἀγύμναστον, εὐθὺς καταπλαγῆναι τῷ φόβῳ καὶ κατὰ τοῦ Μωϋσέως συνίστασθαι, ὅτε καὶ τὸ παραδοξότατον περὶ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἡ ἱστορία λέγει, διχῇ ταῖς ἐνεργείαις τεμνόμενον, τῇ μὲν φωνῇ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ παραθαρσύνειν τε τοὺς Ἰσραηλίτας καὶ τὰς ἀγαθὰς ἔχειν ἐλπίδας παρακελεύεσθαι, ἔνδοθεν δὲ τῇ διανοίᾳ τῷ Θεῷ προσάγειν τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν κατεπτηχότων ἱκετηρίαν καὶ ὅπως ἂν διαφύγοι τὸν κίνδυνον διὰ τῆς ἄνωθεν συμβουλῆς ὁδηγεῖσθαι, αὐτοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθώς φησιν ἡ ἱστορία, τῆς ἀλαλήτου κραυγῆς ἐπαΐοντος. 1.30 Νεφέλης δὲ τοῦ λαοῦ θείᾳ δυνάμει καθηγουμένης, οὐ κατὰ τὴν κοινὴν φύσιν (οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐξ ἀτμῶν τινων ἢ ἀναθυμιά σεων ἡ σύστασις αὐτῆς ἦν, παχυνομένου τοῖς ἀτμοῖς τοῦ ἀέρος διὰ τῆς ὁμιχλώδους συστάσεως καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν συμπιλουμένου τοῖς πνεύμασιν, ἀλλὰ κρεῖττόν τι καὶ ὑψηλό τερον τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης καταλήψεως), ἐκείνῃ τῇ νεφέλῃ, τῆς Γραφῆς μαρτυρούσης, τοιοῦτον τὸ θαῦμα ἦν ὡς καί, τῆς ἡλιακῆς ἀκτῖνος θερμῶς ἐπιλαμπούσης, διατείχισμα εἶναι πρὸς τὸν λαόν, σκιάζουσάν τε τὸ ὑποκείμενον καὶ λεπτῇ δρόσῳ τὸ φλογῶδες τοῦ ἀέρος ὑπονοτίζουσαν, καὶ διὰ τῆς νυκτὸς πῦρ γίνεσθαι, ἀφ' ἑσπέρας εἰς ὄρθρον τῷ ἰδίῳ φωτὶ τοῖς Ἰσραηλίταις δᾳδουχοῦσαν τὸ φέγγος.

1.31 Πρὸς ταύτην αὐτός τε βλέπων ὁ Μωϋσῆς καὶ τὸν λαὸν ἀκολουθεῖν τῷ φαινομένῳ διδάξας, ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὸ Ἐρυθραῖον ἐγένοντο πέλαγος, ἐκεῖ τῆς νεφέλης πρὸς τὴν πορείαν καθοδηγουμένης, πανστρατιᾷ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων τὸν λαὸν ἐκ τῶν κατόπιν κυκλωσαμένων, οὐδεμιᾶς αὐτοῖς οὐδαμόθεν τῶν δεινῶν φυγῆς περιούσης πολεμίων καὶ ὕδατος κατὰ τὸ μέσον ἀπειλημμένοις, τότε τὸ πάντων ἀπιστότατον θείᾳ δυνάμει παρορμηθεὶς ὁ Μωϋσῆς κατειργάσατο. Προσεγγίσας γὰρ κατὰ τὴν ἠϊόνα, πλήσσει τῇ ῥάβδῳ τὸ πέλαγος· τὸ δὲ πρὸς τὴν πληγὴν ὑπεσχίζετο καί, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῆς ὑέλου γίνεσθαι πέφυκεν, εἰ κατά τι μέρος αὐτῆς ἀρχὴν ἡ ῥῆξις λάβοι, καθ' εὐθεῖαν πρὸς τὸ ἕτερον διεξέρχεται πέρας, οὕτω παντὸς τοῦ πελάγους