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of abundance for us and thus the victory; for if the economies are incomprehensible, much more so is He Himself; but that here he is not speaking of the economies, but of God Himself, hear what follows. For having said, "We know in part and we prophesy in part," he added, "Now I know in part, but then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known." By whom then was he known, by God or by the economies? By God, clearly; therefore he knows Him in part. He said "in part," not because he knows one part of His substance and is ignorant of another—for God is simple—but because while he knows that God exists, he is ignorant of what He is in His substance; he understands that He is wise, but how wise He is, he is ignorant; he is not ignorant that He is great, but how or what His greatness is, this he does not know; he understands that He is present everywhere, but how, he does not understand; he is not ignorant that He provides for and sustains and holds all things together with precision, but the manner in which He does these things, he is ignorant. For this reason he said, "We know in part and we prophesy in part." But, if you please, leaving Paul and the prophets, let us ascend to the heavens, lest perhaps there are some there who know what God is in His substance. For indeed, even if they were found to know, it would have nothing to do with us; for the distance between angels and men is great; nevertheless, so that you may learn from abundance that no created power there knows this, let us listen to the angels. What then? Do they discourse there about this substance and inquire among themselves? Not at all. But what? They glorify, they worship, they continually send up the triumphal and mystical hymns with much trembling; and some say, "Glory to God in the highest"; and the Seraphim, "Holy, holy, holy," and turn away their eyes, not being able to bear even the condescension of God; and the Cherubim, "Blessed be His glory from His place," not that there is a place around God, far from it, but as we might say, speaking in a human way; wherever He may be or however He may be, if indeed it is safe to say this of God; for we have a human tongue. Do you see how much fear is above, how much contempt below? They glorify, these are meddlesome; they praise, these are busybodies; they hide their faces, these contentiously gaze shamelessly at the ineffable glory. Who would not groan, who would not lament them for this derangement and this extreme folly? I wished, therefore, to prolong the discourse, but since I have now for the first time descended into these contests, I think it is profitable for you to be content for the present with what has been said, so that the multitude of things about to be said does not come with great force and sweep away the memory of these things as well; but in any case, if God permits, we will work on this subject for a long time. For I have long been in labor to speak these words to you, but I was about to and I postponed it, because I saw many of those who are sick with these things listening to us with pleasure, and not wanting to frighten away the prey, I held my tongue for the time being from these contests, so that after securing them precisely, I might then strip for action; but since, through the grace of God, I heard them exhorting and urging me to enter these contests, I boldly stripped for action at last and took up the weapons that demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God. And I took up these weapons, not to strike the opponents, but to raise up those who have fallen; for the power of these weapons knows how to strike the contentious, but to heal with great care those who listen with good will; it does not inflict wounds, but heals diseases. Therefore let us not be savage towards them, nor show anger, but let us converse with them with gentleness; for nothing is stronger than gentleness and meekness. For this reason Paul also commanded with great earnestness to hold fast to this thing, saying, "And the Lord's servant must not be quarrelsome but must be kind to everyone." He did not say to

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ἡμῖν περιουσίας καὶ οὕτω τὰ νικητήρια· εἰ γὰρ αἱ οἰκονομίαι ἀκατάληπτοι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτός· ὅτι δὲ ἐνταῦθα οὐ περὶ τῶν οἰκονομιῶν φησιν, ἀλλὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἄκουσον τῶν ἑξῆς. Εἰπὼν γάρ· «Ἐκ μέρους γινώσκομεν καὶ ἐκ μέρους προφητεύομεν», ἐπήγαγεν· «Ἄρτι γινώσκω ἐκ μέρους, τότε δὲ ἐπιγνώσομαι καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην.» Ὑπὸ τίνος οὖν ἐπεγνώσθη, ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἢ ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκονομιῶν; Ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ δηλονότι· τοῦτον οὖν καὶ ἐκ μέρους γινώσκει. «Ἐκ μέρους» δὲ εἶπεν, οὐχ ὅτι τὸ μὲν αὐτοῦ τῆς οὐσίας γινώσκει, τὸ δὲ ἀγνοεῖ-ἁπλοῦς γὰρ ὁ Θεός-, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ὅτι μὲν ἔστι Θεὸς οἶδε, τὸ δέ, τί τὴν οὐσίαν ἐστίν, ἀγνοεῖ· ὅτι μὲν σοφός ἐστιν ἐπίσταται, τὸ δὲ πόσον ἐστὶ σοφός, ἀγνοεῖ· ὅτι μὲν μέγας οὐκ ἀγνοεῖ, τὸ δὲ πῶς ἢ τίς ἡ μεγαλωσύνη αὐτοῦ, τοῦτο οὐκ οἶδεν· ὅτι πανταχοῦ πάρεστιν ἐπίσταται, τὸ δὲ πῶς οὐκ ἐπίσταται· ὅτι προνοεῖ καὶ συνέχει τὰ πάντα καὶ συγκρατεῖ μετ' ἀκριβείας, οὐκ ἀγνοεῖ, τὸν δὲ τρόπον καθ' ὃν ταῦτα ποιεῖ ἀγνοεῖ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἔλεγεν· «Ἐκ μέρους γινώσκομεν καὶ ἐκ μέρους προφητεύομεν.» Ἀλλὰ γάρ, εἰ δοκεῖ, τὸν Παῦλον ἀφέντες καὶ τοὺς προφήτας, ἀνέλθωμεν εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς, μή ποτε ἐκεῖ τινές εἰσιν εἰδότες τί τὴν οὐσίαν ἐστὶν ὁ Θεός. Μάλιστα μὲν γάρ, κἂν εὑρεθῶσιν εἰδότες, οὐδὲν κοινὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς· πολὺ γὰρ τὸ μέσον ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀνθρώπων· πλὴν ἀλλ' ἵνα ἐκ περιουσίας μάθῃς ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐκεῖ τις οἶδε κτιστὴ δύναμις τοῦτο, ἀκούσωμεν τῶν ἀγγέλων. Τί οὖν; περὶ τῆς οὐσίας ταύτης ἐκεῖ διαλέγονται καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ζητοῦσιν; Οὐδαμῶς. Ἀλλὰ τί; ∆οξάζουσι, προσκυνοῦσι, τὰς ἐπινικίους καὶ μυστικὰς ᾠδὰς διηνεκῶς ἀναπέμπουσι μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς φρίκης· καὶ οἱ μὲν λέγουσι· «∆όξα ἐν ὑψίστοις Θεῷ»· τὰ δὲ Σεραφίμ· «Ἅγιος, ἅγιος, ἅγιος» καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀποστρέφουσιν, οὐδὲ τὴν συγκατάβασιν ἐνεγκεῖν δυνάμενα τοῦ Θεοῦ· τὰ δὲ Χερουβίμ· «Εὐλογημένη ἡ δόξα αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ», οὐχ ὅτι τόπος περὶ Θεόν, μὴ γένοιτο, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν εἴποιμεν ἀνθρωπίνως φθεγγόμενοι· ὅπουπερ ἄν ἐστιν ἢ ὅπως ἄν ἐστιν, εἰ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο ἀσφαλὲς ἐπὶ Θεοῦ εἰπεῖν· ἀνθρωπίνην γὰρ ἔχομεν γλῶτταν. Εἶδες πόσος ἄνω φόβος, πόση κάτω καταφρόνησις; Ἐκεῖνοι δοξάζουσιν, οὗτοι περιεργάζονται· εὐφημοῦσιν ἐκεῖνοι, πολυπραγμονοῦσιν οὗτοι· ἐκεῖνοι τὰς ὄψεις ἀποκρύπτουσιν, οὗτοι φιλονεικοῦσιν ἐνατενίζειν ἀναισχύντως εἰς τὴν ἀνεκδιήγητον δόξαν. Τίς οὐκ ἂν στενάξειε, τίς οὐκ ἂν θρηνήσειεν αὐτοὺς τῆς παραπληξίας καὶ τῆς ἐσχάτης ταύτης ἀνοίας; Ἐβουλόμην μὲν οὖν μακροτέρω προαγαγεῖν τὸν λόγον, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ νῦν πρῶτον εἰς ταῦτα κατέβην τὰ παλαίσματα, λυσιτελὲς ὑμῖν εἶναι νομίζω ἀρκεσθῆναι τέως τοῖς εἰρημένοις, ὥστε μὴ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μελλόντων ῥηθήσεσθαι ἐπελθὸν πολλῇ τῇ ῥύμῃ παρασύρῃ καὶ τούτων τὴν μνήμην· πάντως δέ, ἂν ὁ Θεὸς ἐπιτρέπῃ, ταύτην λοιπὸν μέχρι πολλοῦ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν ἐργασόμεθα. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ καὶ πάλαι τούτους ὤδινον πρὸς ὑμᾶς τοὺς λόγους εἰπεῖν, ἔμελλον δὲ καὶ ἀνεβαλλόμην, ὅτι πολλοὺς τῶν ταῦτα νοσούντων ἑώρων μεθ' ἡδονῆς ἡμῶν ἀκροωμένους, καὶ οὐ βουλόμενος ἀποσοβῆσαι τὴν θήραν, τέως ἐπεῖχον τὴν γλῶτταν τούτων τῶν παλαισμάτων, ὥστε μετὰ τὸ κατασχεῖν αὐτοὺς ἀκριβῶς, τότε ἐπαποδύσασθαι· ἐπειδὴ δὲ διὰ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριν αὐτῶν ἤκουσα παρακαλούντων καὶ ἐνοχλούντων εἰς τούτους ἐμβῆναι τοὺς ἀγῶνας, θαρρῶν ἀπεδυσάμην λοιπὸν καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἔλαβον τὰ τοὺς λογισμοὺς καθαιροῦντα καὶ πᾶν ὕψωμα ἐπαιρόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλαβον τὰ ὅπλα, οὐχ ἵνα βάλω τοὺς ἐναντίους, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἀναστήσω κειμένους· αὕτη γὰρ τῶν ὅπλων τούτων ἡ δύναμις τοὺς μὲν φιλονεικοῦντας πλήττειν οἶδε, τοὺς δὲ εὐγνωμόνως ἀκούοντας μετὰ πολλῆς θεραπεύειν τῆς ἐπιμελείας· οὐχὶ δίδωσι τραύματα, ἀλλὰ θεραπεύει νοσήματα. Μὴ τοίνυν πρὸς ἐκείνους ἀγριαίνωμεν, μηδὲ θυμὸν προβαλλώμεθα, ἀλλὰ μετὰ ἐπιεικείας αὐτοῖς διαλεγώμεθα· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐπιεικείας καὶ πραότητος ἰσχυρότερον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλος πολλῇ τῇ σπουδῇ τούτου τοῦ πράγματος ἀντέχεσθαι ἐκέλευσε λέγων· «∆οῦλον δὲ Κυρίου οὐ δεῖ μάχεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἤπιον εἶναι πρὸς πάντας.» Οὐκ εἶπε πρὸς