of the tribes of the sons of Israel, saying: This is the word, which the Lord commanded: A man, who shall vow a vow to the Lord or swear an oath with a bond or shall bind himself concerning his soul, he shall not profane his word; all that comes out of his mouth he shall do. But if a woman vows a vow to the Lord or binds herself with a bond in her father's house in her youth, and her father hears her vows and her bonds, with which she bound herself concerning her soul, and her father is silent, all her vows shall stand, and all the bonds, with which she bound herself concerning her soul, shall remain for her"; and next, he legislates certain things concerning such a matter. According to this meaning it is written in the Proverbs ................................................ ........................................................ ...... "<a snare> for a man is to hastily consecrate something of his own; for after vowing, it comes to repentance"; and in Ecclesiastes: "it is better not to vow than to vow and not to pay"; and in the Acts of the Apostles: "there are four men with us, who have a vow upon themselves." 4.1 It did not seem unreasonable to me to first distinguish the meaning according to the Scriptures of "vow," as it has two meanings, and similarly also of "prayer"; for this name, besides its common and customary meaning found in many places, is also applied to the "vow" in the sense customary to us in the things said about Hannah in the first of Kings: "and Eli the priest was sitting on a throne by the doorposts of the temple of the Lord. And she was bitter of soul and prayed to the Lord and wept with weeping. And she vowed a vow and said: Lord of hosts, if you will indeed look upon the affliction of your handmaid and remember me and not forget your handmaid and give to your handmaid a male seed, then I will give him to the Lord as a gift all the days of his life, and a razor shall not come upon his head." 4.2 However, someone could not implausibly say here, focusing on "prayed to the Lord" and "vowed a vow," that, if she did both, that is "prayed to the Lord" and "vowed a vow," perhaps the "prayed" refers to what is commonly called a prayer by us, while "vowed a vow" refers to the meaning set out in Leviticus and Numbers. For "I will give him to the Lord as a gift all the days of his life, and a razor shall not come upon his head" is not properly a prayer but that vow, which Jephthah also vowed in these words: "and Jephthah vowed a vow to the Lord and said: if you will indeed deliver the sons of Ammon into my hand, then it shall be that whoever comes out from the doors of my house to meet me when I return in peace from the sons of Ammon, shall be the Lord's, and I will offer him up as a burnt offering." 5.1 If then, after these things, as you commanded, it is necessary to set forth first the plausible arguments of those who think that nothing is accomplished by prayers and for this reason say that it is superfluous to pray, we will not shrink from doing this also to the best of our ability, with the name of prayer now being used by us more commonly and simply ..................... ......................................................... ......................................................... So inglorious is the argument, and lacking distinguished proponents, that one can hardly be found at all who, having accepted providence and set God over the universe, does not accept prayer. For the doctrine belongs either to those who are completely atheists and deny the being of God, or to those who posit God in name only but deprive him of his providence. However, the opposing power, wishing to attach the most impious of doctrines to the name of Christ and to the teaching of the Son of God, has also been able to persuade some concerning the need not to pray; The proponents of this opinion are those who completely do away with sensible things and use neither baptism nor eucharist, maligning the scriptures as not intending this thing, prayer, but teaching something else signified besides this. 5.2 The arguments of those who reject prayers would be these (obviously of those who set God over the universe and
φυλῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ λέγων· τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα, ὃ συνέταξε κύριος· ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἐὰν εὔξηται εὐχὴν κυρίῳ ἢ ὀμόσῃ ὅρκον ὁρισμῷ ἢ ὁρίσηται περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, οὐ βεβη λώσει τὸ ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ· πάντα ὅσα ἂν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ ποιήσει. ἐὰν δὲ γυνὴ εὔξηται εὐχὴν κυρίῳ ἢ ὁρίσηται ὁρισμὸν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῆς ἐν τῇ νεότητι αὐτῆς, καὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ πα τὴρ αὐτῆς τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς ὁρισμοὺς αὐτῆς, οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς, καὶ παρασιωπήσῃ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς, στήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς, καὶ πάντες οἱ ὁρισμοὶ, οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς, μενοῦσιν αὐτῇ»· καὶ ἑξῆς τούτοις τινὰ περὶ τῆς τοι αύτης νομοθετεῖ. κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ σημαινόμενον ἐν ταῖς Παροιμίαις γέγραπται ................................................ ........................................................ ...... «<παγὶς> ἀνδρὶ ταχύ τι τῶν ἰδίων ἁγιάσαι· μετὰ γὰρ τὸ εὔξασθαι μετανοεῖν γίνεται»· καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἐκκλησιαστῇ· «ἀγαθὸν τὸ μὴ εὔξασθαι ἢ τὸ εὔξασθαι καὶ μὴ ἀποδοῦναι»· καὶ ἐν ταῖς Πρά ξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων· «εἰσὶν ἄνδρες παρ' ἡμῖν τέσσαρες, εὐχὴν ἔχοντες ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν.» 4.1 Οὐκ ἄλογον δή μοι ἐφάνη τὸ κατὰ τὰς γραφὰς σημαινό μενον πρῶτον διαστείλασθαι τῆς εὐχῆς δύο σημαινούσης, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τῆς προσευχῆς· καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα πρὸς τῷ κοινῷ καὶ συνήθει πολλαχοῦ κειμένῳ τέτακται καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κατὰ τὸ σύνηθες ἡμῖν σημαινόμενον [τῆς] εὐχῆς ἐν τοῖς περὶ τῆς Ἄννης λεγομένοις ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ τῶν Βασιλειῶν· «καὶ Ἠλεὶ ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐκάθητο ἐπὶ θρόνου ἐπὶ φλιῶν ναοῦ κυρίου. καὶ αὐτὴ ψυχῇ πικρᾷ καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον καὶ κλαυθμῷ ἔκλαυσε. καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν καὶ εἶπε· κύριε τῶν δυνάμεων, ἐὰν ἐφοράσει ἐπίδῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης σου καὶ μνησθῇς μου καὶ μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ τῆς δούλης σου καὶ δῷς τῇ δούλῃ σου σπέρμα ἀνδρὸς, καὶ δώσω αὐτὸν τῷ κυρίῳ δοτὸν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ σίδηρος οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ τὴν κεφα λὴν αὐτοῦ.» 4.2 δύναται μέντοι γε τὶς οὐκ ἀπιθάνως ἐνταῦθα, ἐπιστήσας τῷ «προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον» «καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν,» εἰπεῖν ὅτι, εἰ τὰ δύο πεποίηκε, τουτέστι «προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον» «καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν,» μή ποτε τὸ μὲν «προσηύξατο» ἐπὶ τῆς συνήθως ἡμῖν ὀνο μαζομένης τέτακται εὐχῆς τὸ δὲ «ηὔξατο εὐχὴν» ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐν Λευϊ τικῷ καὶ Ἀριθμοῖς τεταγμένου σημαινομένου. τὸ γὰρ «δώσω αὐτὸν κυρίῳ δοτὸν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ σίδηρος οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ» κυρίως οὐκ ἔστι προσευχὴ ἀλλ' ἐκείνη ἡ εὐχὴ, ἥντινα καὶ Ἰεφθάε ηὔξατο ἐν τούτοις· «καὶ ηὔξατο Ἰεφθάε εὐχὴν τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ εἶπεν· ἐὰν παραδώσει παραδῷς μοι τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἀμμὼν ἐν χειρί μου, καὶ ἔσται ὃς ἐὰν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τῶν θυρῶν τοῦ οἴκου μου εἰς ἀπάντησίν μου ἐν τῷ ἐπιστρέψαι με ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ἀμμὼν, καὶ ἔσται τῷ κυρίῳ, καὶ ἀνοίσω αὐτὸν ὁλο καύτωμα.» 5.1 Εἰ χρὴ τοίνυν μετὰ ταῦτα, ὥσπερ ἐκελεύσατε, ἐκθέσθαι τὰ πιθανὰ πρῶτον τῶν οἰομένων μηδὲν ἀπὸ τῶν εὐχῶν ἀνύεσθαι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο φασκόντων περισσὸν εἶναι τὸ εὔχεσθαι, οὐκ ὀκνήσο μεν κατὰ δύναμιν καὶ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, κοινότερον νῦν καὶ ἁπλούστε ρον τοῦ τῆς εὐχῆς ὀνόματος ἡμῖν λεγομένου ..................... ......................................................... ......................................................... οὕτω δὴ ὁ λόγος ἐστὶν ἄδοξος καὶ μὴ τυχὼν ἐπισήμων τῶν προϊσταμένων αὐτοῦ, ὥστε μηδὲ πάνυ εὑρίσκεσθαι, ὅστις ποτὲ τῶν πρόνοιαν παραδεξαμένων καὶ θεὸν ἐπιστησάντων τοῖς ὅλοις εὐχὴν μὴ προσίεται. ἔστι γὰρ τὸ δόγμα ἤτοι τῶν πάντῃ ἀθέων καὶ τὴν οὐσίαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἀρνουμένων ἢ τῶν μέχρις ὀνόματος τι θέντων θεὸν τὴν πρόνοιαν δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποστερούντων. ἤδη μέν τοι γε ἡ ἀντικειμένη ἐνέργεια, τὰ ἀσεβέστατα τῶν δογμάτων περιτιθέναι θέλουσα τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ περὶ τοῦ μὴ δεῖν εὔχεσθαι δεδύνηται πεῖσαί τινας· ἧς γνώμης προΐστανται οἱ τὰ αἰσθητὰ πάντῃ ἀναιροῦντες καὶ μήτε βαπτίσματι μήτε εὐχαριστίᾳ χρώμενοι, συκοφαντοῦντες τὰς γραφὰς, ὡς καὶ τὸ εὔχεσθαι τοῦτο οὐ βουλομένας ἀλλ' ἕτερόν τι σημαινόμενον παρὰ τοῦτο διδασκούσας. 5.2 εἶεν δ' ἂν οἱ λόγοι τῶν ἀθετούντων τὰς εὐχὰς οὗτοι (δη λονότι θεὸν ἐφιστάντων τοῖς ὅλοις καὶ