But "First" must be understood instead of "Before." However, what he says is something like this: Jesus, being before me and prior to me, came behind me and after me, not to remain after me but to become before me. But his coming after John must be understood according to the time of his birth. For John was conceived six months before Jesus was conceived. In this way, Jesus, having come after him, has become before him, being revealed as God and being his creator. It might also be said this way: every learner will seem to follow the teacher and in this way is said to walk after him. Since, therefore, the Savior also approached John who was baptizing to be baptized, in being baptized by John he is said to come after the baptizer, but in having been sanctified and testified to by the Father, he has become before the baptizer, being revealed as more honorable and surpassing him. And it is well said: "He has become before me," as his existence is prior to his coming to be. And note with how much precision this is said. It is not written "He who is after me," but "He who is coming." For if he were after, he could not be before him. But it is not impossible for the one who is first to come after. It might also be said in another way. "For," it says, "from his fullness we have all received, and grace for grace"; for again, giving the reason for his having become before him, he being first, he added, "For from his fullness we have all received and grace for grace." For how is he who fills not before in preeminence, and first of those who are filled? For if he himself perfects and fills with virtue and wisdom those who come to holiness, how is he not first and preeminent among them? But attend to the precision of what has been written. It does not say "His fullness," but "From his fullness we have all received." For those in this life who partake of holiness and of the knowledge of the truth know in part and prophesy in part from his fullness, but they do not have his fullness. They might have it after this temporal life in the ages to come, according to the apostle: "When," he says, "that which is perfect has come, that which is in part will be done away." In harmony with this are also the things in the Catholic Epistle of John: "And it has not yet been revealed what we shall be; but we know that when he is revealed, we shall be like † him, for we shall see him as he is," that is: as it is possible for created beings to know God; for it is not possible to comprehend how God himself is. For we shall have something more than our present state, if no longer in part but, stripped of all ignorance, we shall approach the purest truth, seeing him as far as is possible. Therefore, because he has received from the fullness of Jesus, John says about himself that "He has become before me" from whose fullness I have received. And the fact that not one but all the saints receive from the fullness of Jesus reveals the superiority of the one who fills and perfects. For if all the saints were filled not from the whole fullness but from some portion of it, those who receive from the fullness will be seen to be far inferior to him who provided it to them. 11 Of the virtues, we have one part from home and from ourselves, which we acquire by choice, and the other part from God, having believed, at any rate, in the Savior and his Father as was possible to happen from what is in our power. It remains for us also to ask for what is from God, just as the disciples of Jesus also say to him: "Increase our faith." For the word "Increase" signifies that they were asking for a God-given faith in addition to that which they had by choice. Indeed, Paul also, writing, says: that the gifts of the Spirit are given "according to the measure of faith" which is present from what is in our power; "To another is given faith," he says, "by the same Spirit." And if faith is given to someone according to the measure of the faith he has, it is clear that the God-sent faith comes in addition to that which is achieved by what is in our power. And what has been said about faith must be said also about the other virtues. Since, therefore, virtue is a grace that makes the one who has it graced, when to us
ἀκουστέον δὲ τοῦ «Πρῶτος» ἀντὶ τοῦ «Πρότερος». ὅμως ὃ λέγει τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· πρὸ ἐμοῦ καὶ πρότερός μου τυγχάνων Ἰησοῦς ὀπίσω μου καὶ μετ' ἐμὲ ἦλθεν, οὐκ ἐπὶ τῷ ὀπίσω μου μεῖναι ἀλλὰ τῷ πρὸ ἐμοῦ γενέσθαι. ἀκουστέον δὲ τοῦ ὀπίσω αὐτὸν ἔρχεσθαι τοῦ Ἰωάννου κατὰ χρόνον τῆς ἀποτέξεως. πρὸ γὰρ ἓξ μηνῶν Ἰωάννης συνελήφθη τοῦ συλλη φθῆναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν. τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἐλθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ γέγονεν ἀναδειχθεὶς θεὸς καὶ δημιουργὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων. λεχθείη δ' <ἂν> καὶ οὕτως· δόξει πᾶς ὁ μανθάνων ἕπε σθαι τῷ διδασκάλῳ καὶ ταύτῃ ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ λέγεται βαδίζειν. ἐπεὶ τοίνυν καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ βαπτίζοντι τῷ Ἰωάννῃ προσῆλθε βαπτισθῆναι, κατὰ τὸ βαπτίζεσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου ὀπίσω τοῦ βαπτίζοντος ἔρχεσθαι εἴρηται, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἡγιακέναι καὶ μεμαρτυρῆσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βαπτίζοντος γέγονεν, τιμιώτερος καὶ ὑπερ έχων αὐτοῦ ἀναδειχθείς. εὖ δὲ καὶ τὸ φάναι· «Ἔμπροσθέν μου γέ «γονεν», ὡς τὴν ὕπαρξιν προτέραν εἶναι τοῦ γεγονέναι αὐτόν. καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ἐπίστησον μεθ' ὅσης ἀκριβείας εἴρηται. οὐ γέγραπται «Ὁ ὀπίσω μου ὤν», ἀλλ' «Ὁ ἐρχόμενος». εἰ γὰρ ὀπίσω ἦν, οὐκ ἠδύνατο πρὸ αὐτοῦ εἶναι. ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀδύνατον τὸν πρῶτον ὄντα ὀπίσω ἐλθεῖν. ῥηθείη δ' <ἂν> καὶ ἑτέρως. «Ὅτι, φησίν, ἐκ τοῦ «πληρώματος αὐτοῦ πάντες ἐλάβομεν καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος»· πάλιν γὰρ αἰτίαν ἀποδιδοὺς τοῦ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ γεγονέναι αὐτοῦ ὄντα πρῶτον ἐπήγαγεν τὸ «Ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες «ἐλάβομεν καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος». πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἔμπροσθεν κατὰ τὸ προύχειν, καὶ πρῶτος τῶν πληρουμένων ὁ πληρῶν; εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸς τελειοῖ καὶ πληροῖ ἀρετῆς καὶ σοφίας τοὺς ἐφ' ἁγιότητα ἐρχομένους, πῶς οὐ πρῶτος καὶ προύχων αὐτῶν ὑπάρχει; πρόσχες δὲ τῇ ἀκρι βείᾳ τῶν γεγραμμένων. οὐκ εἴρηται «Τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτοῦ», ἀλλ' «Ἐκ «τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν». οἱ γὰρ ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ ἁγιότητος μετέχοντες καὶ γνώσεως τῆς ἀληθείας τὸ ἐκ μέρους γινώσκειν καὶ ἐκ μέρους προφητεύειν ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ' οὐ πλήρωμα αὐτοῦ ἔχουσιν. σχοῖεν δ' <ἂν> αὐτὸ μετὰ τὴν ἐπίκαιρον ζωὴν ἐν τοῖς μέλλουσιν αἰῶσι κατὰ τὸν ἀπόστολον· «Ὅταν ἔλθῃ, φησί, τὸ τέλειον, τὸ ἐκ μέρους καταργηθήσεται». τούτῳ συνῳδὰ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ καθολικῇ Ἰωάννου· «Καὶ οὔπω ἐφανε «ρώθη τί ἐσόμεθα· οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι ἐὰν φανερωθῇ ὅμοιοι † αὐτοῦ «ἐσόμεθα, ὅτι ὀψόμεθα αὐτὸν καθὼς ἔστι» τουτέστι· καθώς ἐστι δυνατὸν τοῖς γενητοῖς γνῶναι τὸν θεόν· οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε ἐκλαμ βάνειν τὸ καθὼς ἔστιν ὁ θεὸς αὐτός. καὶ γὰρ ἕξομέν τι πλέον τῆς παρούσης καταστάσεως, <εἰ> μηκέτι ἐκ μέρους ἀλλὰ γυμνοὶ πάσης ἀγνοίας τῇ ἀκραιφνεστάτῃ ἀληθείᾳ προσβαλοῦμεν κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν αὐτὸν ὀψόμενοι. διὰ τὸ τοίνυν ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος Ἰησοῦ εἰλη φέναι ὁ Ἰωάννης λέγει περὶ αὑτοῦ ὅτι «Ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν» οὗ ἔσχον ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος. καὶ τὸ μὴ ἕνα ἀλλὰ πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους ἐκλαμβάνειν ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τοῦ πληροῦντος καὶ τελειοῦντος φανεροῖ. εἰ γὰρ πάντες ἅγιοι ἐπληρώθησαν οὐκ ἐξ ὅλου τοῦ πληρώματος ἀλλ' ἐκ τινὸς μορίου αὐτοῦ, πολὺ ἀπολειπόμενοι ὀφθήσονται οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος λαμ βάνοντες τοῦ παρασχόντος αὐτοῖς. 11 Τῶν ἀρετῶν τὸ μὲν οἴκοθεν ἔχομεν καὶ παρ' ἑαυτῶν, ὃ προαι ρετικῶς κτώμεθα, τὸ δὲ ἐκ θεοῦ, πιστεύσαντες γοῦν τῷ σωτῆρι καὶ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἐνεδέχετο ἐκ τοῦ ἐφ' ἡμῖν γενέσθαι. λεί πεται ἡμῖν καὶ τὸ ἐκ θεοῦ αἰτεῖν, καθὼς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰησοῦ φασὶν αὐτῷ· «Πρόσθες ἡμῖν πίστιν». ἡ γὰρ λέξις ἡ «Πρόσθες» ση μαίνει ἀπαιτεῖν αὐτοὺς θεοδώρητον πίστιν πρὸς ᾗ εἶχον προαιρε τικῶς. ἀμέλει καὶ ὁ Παῦλος γράφων φησί· «Κατ' ἀναλογίαν πί «στεως» τῆς ἐνούσης ἐκ τοῦ ἐφ' ἡμῖν τὰς δωρεὰς τοῦ πνεύματος δίδοσθαι· «Ἑτέρῳ δίδοται πίστις, φησίν, ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ πνεύματι». εἰ δὲ πίστις δίδοταί τινι κατὰ ἀναλογίαν ἧς ἔχει πίστεως, φανερὸν ὅτι τῇ ἐφ' ἡμῖν κατορθωθείσῃ ἡ θεόπεμπτος παραγίνεται πίστις. ἅπερ δὲ περὶ πίστεως εἴρηται, λεκτέον καὶ περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀρετῶν. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἡ ἀρετὴ χάρις ἐστὶ κεχαριτωμένον ποιοῦσα τὸν ἔχοντα, ὅταν ἡμῖν