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in the whole Son of equal honor, as also the Son is in the whole consubstantial Father, how will he be called first of the co-eternal? But if you say the Father is the cause of the Son, I also say so, unless you create the suspicion that God was once alone, when there was no Son, and that he begot him later, having become the cause of his existence, which leads you far from God and the truth, as being impious, and makes you one with the impious who say that the Son was made by the Father; for even to think this alone is of all godlessness and impiety.

For we say that the father is the cause of the begotten son in physical generation; but in the case of the divine and non-existent existence and unbegotten begetting and unsubstantial substance and super-essential essentiality, or what else I might say I do not know, he who says first must also name a second and a third, which has no place at all to be said in the all-holy Trinity. For to measure the immeasurable and to say the unsayable and to speak the unspeakable is precarious and dangerous. Therefore, concerning the ineffable and divine begetting of God the Word, we say the Father is the cause of the Son, as mind is of word and a spring of a stream and a root of its branches, but in no way first, lest we increase the number, dividing the indivisible and one divinity into three gods. For neither first, nor second, nor third, nor greater, nor lesser, (16) is it possible to think or say in the indivisible and unconfused Trinity; for the things of the divine and super-essential nature are in every way unspeakable and ineffable and incomprehensible and inaccessible to the human mind. But if you wish to exercise your reason in another way and learn how incomprehensible is God who brought everything into being from non-being, even if you should place the Spirit first—if indeed it is permitted to theologize in this way—before the Son and the Father, you will find in Him the whole connaturality of the co-eternals as consubstantials. And see how incomprehensible are the things of the divine nature to us humans. "God," it says, "is Spirit," and again, "Now the Lord is the Spirit." If then 'God is Spirit' and 'the Lord is the Spirit,' where is fatherhood here and sonship, that you, O new theologian, should grant and say and number for me a first and a greater in the divine and incomprehensible nature.

John, theologizing, said, "In the beginning was the Word," and not the Father. But you, initiated into mysteries deeper than this by Wisdom itself, Jesus, give to us and to the whole world the first in the Father, so that you may also show the Son as second to him and the Holy Spirit in turn as third, preaching to us another gospel as some other theologian, deeper than the former one and more intimate with the Son of God? What blasphemy! How, tell me, you who subtly dogmatize tritheism to us, did the theological voice, the one who lay on Christ's breast, not say, "In the beginning was the Father," but "In the beginning was the Word"? And why did he not say Son, but Word, if not to teach us that neither was he known as Son by anyone before God the Word came down and was incarnate, nor was God known as Father? Not that the three-hypostases divinity which produced all things did not exist, but that the mystery of the economy had not yet been made known. For after the incarnation of God the Word, both God was made known as Father to us believers (17) and God the Word, incarnate for us, was made known as Son of God according to what was spoken by the Father from above; for he says, "This is my beloved Son; listen to him." And the Son: "Righteous Father, the world has not known you, but I have known you," and again: "I have made your name known to men," and again: "Father, glorify your Son, that your Son may also glorify you," and: "I and the Father are one." If, therefore, even after the incarnation of God the Word, the Son and the Father are one, much more so before the incarnation.

And consider for me wisely the power of the words. For he says, "I and the Father are one," and he placed himself before the Father. Why is this? In order to show his equality of honor and glory in all things with the Father and that neither "Father first, even if

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ὅλῳ τῷ ὁμοτίμῳ Υἱῷ, ὡς καί ὁ Υἱός ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ ὁμοουσίῳ Πατρί, πῶς πρῶτος τοῦ συναϊδίου κληθήσεται; Εἰ δέ αἴτιον λέγεις τοῦ Υἱοῦ τόν Πατέρα, φημί κἀγώ, εἰ μή που ὑπόνοιαν ἐμποιεῖς ὅτι ἦν ποτε ὁ Θεός μόνος, ὅτε οὐκ ἦν Υἱός, καί ὅτι ἐγέννησεν αὐτόν ὕστερον αἴτιος γενόμενος τῆς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρξεως, ὅπερ σε πόρρω τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τῆς ἀληθείας ἀπάγει, ὡς ἀσεβοῦντα, καί μετά τῶν λεγόντων ἀσεβῶν τόν Υἱόν ὑπό τοῦ Πατρός γεγενῆσθαι ποιεῖ· τοῦτο γάρ καί τό μόνον ἐννοῆσαι πάσης ἀθεότητος καί ἀσεβείας ἐστίν.

Αἴτιον γάρ τοῦ γεννωμένου υἱοῦ τόν πατέρα εἶναι ἐπί τῆς σωματικῆς γεννήσεως λέγομεν· ἐπί δέ τῆς θείας καί ἀνυπάρκτου ὑπάρξεως καί ἀγεννήτου γεννήσεως καί ἀνυποστάτου ὑποστάσεως καί ὑπερουσίου οὐσιώσεως, ἤ τί ἕτερον εἴπω οὐκ οἶδα, ὁ πρῶτον λέγων ἀνάγκη καί δεύτερον ὀνομάσαι καί τρίτον, ὅπερ ἐν τῇ παναγίᾳ Τριάδι ἔμφασιν ὅλως οὐκ ἔχει λέγεσθαι. Τό γάρ μετρεῖν τά ἀμέτρητα καί τά ἄρρητα λέγειν καί τά ἄφθεγκτα φθέγγεσθαι ἐπισφαλές ὑπάρχει καί ἐπικίνδυνον. Τοιγαροῦν καί ἐπί τῆς ἀρρήτου καί θείας τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγου γεννήσεως αἴτιον μέν τοῦ Υἱοῦ λέγομεν τόν Πατέρα, ὡς νοῦν λόγου καί πηγήν ῥεύματος καί ῥίζαν τῶν κλάδων αὐτῆς, πρῶτον δέ οὐδαμῶς, ἵνα μή τόν ἀριθμόν πλεονάσωμεν, εἰς τρεῖς θεούς τήν ἀδιαίρετον καί μίαν θεότητα διαιροῦντες. Οὔτε γάρ πρῶτον, οὔτε δεύτερον, οὔτε τρίτον, οὐ μεῖζον, οὐκ ἔλασσον, (16) ἔστιν ἐννοῆσαι ἤ εἰπεῖν ἐν τῇ ἀδιαιρέτῳ καί ἀσυγχύτῳ Τριάδι· ἄφθεγκτα γάρ πάντῃ καί ἄρρητα καί ἀκατανόητα τά τῆς θείας καί ὑπερουσίου φύσεως καί ἀνθρωπίνῳ νοΐ ἀκατάληπτα. Εἰ βούλει δέ καί ἄλλως γυμνάσαι τόν λόγον καί μαθεῖν ὡς ἀκατάληπτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ μή ὄντος τό πᾶν οὐσιώσας Θεός, κἄν τό Πνεῦμα προτάξῃς, εἴ γε καί οὕτως θεολογεῖν ἔξεστι, τοῦ Υἱοῦ καί τοῦ Πατρός, ὅλην ἐν αὐτῷ εὑρήσεις καί τῶν συναϊδίων ὡς ὁμοουσίων τήν συμφυΐαν. Καί ὅρα ὡς ἀκατάληπτα τά τῆς θείας φύσεως τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἡμῖν. "Πνεῦμα, φησίν, ὁ Θεός" καί πάλιν· "Τό δέ πνεῦμα ὁ Κύριός ἐστιν". Εἰ οὖν πνεῦμα "Θεός καί τό πνεῦμα ὁ Κύριός ἐστι, ποῦ ἡ πατρότης ἐνταῦθα καί ἡ υἱότης, ἵνα καί πρῶτον καί μεῖζόν μοι ἐν τῇ θείᾳ καί ἀκαταλήπτῳ φύσει, ὦ σύ, καινέ θεολόγε, διδῷς καί λέγῃς καί ἀριθμῇς.

Ἰωάννης "Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος" ἔφη θεολογῶν, καί οὐχ ὁ Πατήρ. Σύ δέ, καί τούτου βαθύτερα ὑπό τῆς αὐτοσοφίας, Ἰησοῦ, μυσταγωγηθείς, δίδως ἡμῖν καί τῷ κόσμῳ παντί τό πρῶτον ἐν τῷ Πατρί, ἵνα καί δεύτερον τούτου τόν Υἱόν ἀποδείξῃς καί τρίτον αὖθις τό Πνεῦμα τό Ἅγιον, κηρύσσων ἡμῖν ὡς ἄλλος τις θεολόγος τοῦ πρώην βαθύτερός τε καί τῷ Υἱῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ οἰκειότερος ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον; Τῆς βλασφημίας! Πῶς, εἰπέ, ὁ τήν τριθεΐαν ἡμῖν δογματίζων ὑπούλως, οὐκ εἶπεν ἡ θεολόγος φωνή, ὁ ἐπιστήθιος τοῦ Χριστοῦ· "Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Πατήρ", ἀλλ᾿ "Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος"; ∆ιά τί δέ οὐκ εἶπεν ὁ Υἱός, ἀλλ᾿ ὁ Λόγος, ἤ ἵνα διδάξῃ ἡμᾶς ὅτι οὔτε Υἱός ἀπό τινος ἐγνωρίζετο πρό τοῦ κατελθεῖν καί σαρκωθῆναι τόν Θεόν Λόγον, οὔτε Πατήρ ὁ Θεός; Οὐχ ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἡ τά πάντα παραγαγοῦσα τρισυπόστατος θεότης, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι οὔπω ἦν γνωρισθέν τό τῆς οἰκονομίας μυστήριον. Μετά γάρ τήν ἐνανθρώπησιν τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγου καί Πατήρ ὁ Θεός καί Πατήρ ἐγνωρίσθη ἡμῖν τοῖς πιστοῖς (17) καί Υἱός Θεοῦ ὁ σαρκωθείς δι᾿ ἡμᾶς Θεός Λόγος κατά τό ὑπό τοῦ Πατρός ἄνωθεν εἰρημένον· φησί γάρ· "Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός· αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε". Καί ὁ Υἱός· "Πάτερ δίκαιε, καί ὁ κόσμος σε οὐκ ἔγνω, ἐγώ δέ σε ἔγνων" καί αὖθις· "Ἐγνώρισά σου τό ὄνομα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις" καί πάλιν· "Πάτερ, δόξασόν σου τόν Υἱόν, ἵνα καί ὁ Υἱός σου δοξάσῃ σε" καί· "Ἐγώ καί ὁ Πατήρ ἕν ἐσμεν". Εἰ τοίνυν καί μετά τήν σάρκωσιν τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγου ἕν ὁ Υἱός καί ὁ Πατήρ εἰσι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον πρό τῆς σαρκώσεως.

Καί σκόπει μοι συνετῶς τῶν ῥημάτων τήν δύναμιν. Λέγει γάρ· "Ἐγώ καί ὁ Πατήρ ἕν ἐσμεν" καί προέταξεν ἑαυτόν τοῦ Πατρός. Τί τοῦτο; Ἵνα δείξῃ τό ἐν πᾶσιν ἰσότιμον καί ὁμόδοξον ἑαυτοῦ μετά τοῦ Πατρός καί ὅτι οὔτε "Πατήρ πρῶτος, κἄν