Chapter IV.44    See The Apology, c. iii.    Humaniorem.—The Truth Hated in the Christians; So in Measure Was It, of Old, in Socrates. The Virtues of the Christians.

But the sect, you say, is punished in the name of its founder. Now in the first place it is, no doubt, a fair and usual custom that a sect should be marked out by the name of its founder, since philosophers are called Pythagoreans and Platonists after their masters; in the same way physicians are called after Erasistratus, and grammarians after Aristarchus. If, therefore, a sect has a bad character because its founder was bad, it is punished45    Plectitur.    Conjectura. as the traditional bearer46    Tradux.    Suffragio. of a bad name. But this would be indulging in a rash assumption. The first step was to find out what the founder was, that his sect might be understood, instead of hindering47    Retinere.    Sationem. inquiry into the founder’s character from the sect. But in our case,48    At nunc.    Temperamento. by being necessarily ignorant of the sect, through your ignorance of its founder, or else by not taking a fair survey of the founder, because you make no inquiry into his sect, you fasten merely on the name, just as if you vilified in it both sect and founder, whom you know nothing of whatever. And yet you openly allow your philosophers the right of attaching themselves to any school, and bearing its founder’s name as their own; and nobody stirs up any hatred against them, although both in public and in private they bark out49    Elatrent.    Fœderata. their bitterest eloquence against your customs, rites, ceremonies, and manner of life, with so much contempt for the laws, and so little respect for persons, that they even flaunt their licentious words50    Libertatem suam, “their liberty of speech.”    Circulorum conditionibus. against the emperors themselves with impunity.  And yet it is the truth, which is so troublesome to the world, that these philosophers affect, but which Christians possess: they therefore who have it in possession afford the greater displeasure, because he who affects a thing plays with it; he who possesses it maintains it. For example,51    Denique.    Tanquam. Socrates was condemned on that side (of his wisdom) in which he came nearest in his search to the truth, by destroying your gods. Although the name of Christian was not at that time in the world, yet truth was always suffering condemnation. Now you will not deny that he was a wise man, to whom your own Pythian (god) had borne witness. Socrates, he said, was the wisest of men. Truth overbore Apollo, and made him pronounce even against himself since he acknowledged that he was no god, when he affirmed that that was the wisest man who was denying the gods. However,52    Porro.    Jure. on your principle he was the less wise because he denied the gods, although, in truth, he was all the wiser by reason of this denial. It is just in the same way that you are in the habit of saying of us: “Lucius Titius is a good man, only he is a Christian;” while another says; “I wonder that so worthy53    Gravem, “earnest.”    Domina. a man as Caius Seius has become a Christian.”54    Comp. The Apology, c. iii.    Scilicet. According to55    Pro.    Vi suavitatis. the blindness of their folly men praise what they know, (and) blame what they are ignorant of; and that which they know, they vitiate by that which they do not know. It occurs to none (to consider) whether a man is not good and wise because he is a Christian, or therefore a Christian because he is wise and good, although it is more usual in human conduct to determine obscurities by what is manifest, than to prejudice what is manifest by what is obscure.  Some persons wonder that those whom they had known to be unsteady, worthless, or wicked before they bore this56    i.e., the Christian.    Lanis. name, have been suddenly converted to virtuous courses; and yet they better know how to wonder (at the change) than to attain to it; others are so obstinate in their strife as to do battle with their own best interests, which they have it in their power to secure by intercourse57    De commercio.    Caput facti. with that hated name. I know more than one58    Unum atque alium. The sense being plural, we have so given it all through.    Invenitur. husband, formerly anxious about their wives’ conduct, and unable to bear even mice to creep into their bed-room without a groan of suspicion, who have, upon discovering the cause of their new assiduity, and their unwonted attention to the duties of home,59    Captivitatis (as if theirs was a self-inflicted captivity at home).    Servitutis artem. “Artem” Oehler explains by “artificiose institutum.” offered the entire loan of their wives to others,60    Omnem uxorem patientiam obtulisse (comp. Apology, middle of c. xxxix.).    We subjoin Oehler’s text of this obscure sentence: “Non in ista investigatione alicujus artificis intus et domini servitutis artem ostendimus elementorum certis ex operis” (for “operibis,” not unusual in Tertullian) “eorum quas facis potestatis?” disclaimed all jealousy, (and) preferred to be the husbands of she-wolves than of Christian women: they could commit themselves to a perverse abuse of nature, but they could not permit their wives to be reformed for the better! A father disinherited his son, with whom he had ceased to find fault. A master sent his slave to bridewell,61    In ergastulum.    Aut. whom he had even found to be indispensable to him. As soon as they discovered them to be Christians, they wished they were criminals again; for our discipline carries its own evidence in itself, nor are we betrayed by anything else than our own goodness, just as bad men also become conspicuous62    Radiant.    De licentia passivitatis libertas approbetur. by their own evil. Else how is it that we alone are, contrary to the lessons of nature, branded as very evil because of our good? For what mark do we exhibit except the prime wisdom,63    He means the religion of Christ, which he in b. ii. c. ii. contrasts with “the mere wisdom” of the philosophers.    Meminerunt. which teaches us not to worship the frivolous works of the human hand; the temperance, by which we abstain from other men’s goods; the chastity, which we pollute not even with a look; the compassion, which prompts us to help the needy; the truth itself, which makes us give offence; and liberty, for which we have even learned to die? Whoever wishes to understand who the Christians are, must needs employ these marks for their discovery.

4. Sed dicitis, sectam nomine puniri sui auctoris. Primo quidem, sectam de auctoris appellatione notari, utique probum usitatumque jus est, dum philosophi quoque de auctoribus cognominentur, Pythagorici et Platonici , ut medici Erasistratei, et grammatici Aristarchii. Itaque si ob auctorem malum mala secta, tradux mali nominis plectitur. Atquin temeritate praesumeretur; prius erat cognoscere auctorem, ut cognosceretur secta, quam de secta inspectionem auctoris retinere. At nunc necessario ignorando sectam, qui ignoratis auctorem, aut non recensendo 0563B auctorem, quia nec sectam recensetis, in solum nomen impingitis, quasi in illo detinentes sectam et auctorem quos omnino non nostis. Et tamen Philosophis patet libertas transgrediendi a vobis in sectam et auctorem et suum nomen, nec quisquam illis odium movet, cum in mores, ritus, cultus, vietusque vestros palam ac publice omnem eloquii amaritudinem elatrent, cum legum contemptu, sine respectu personarum, ut quidam etiam in principes ipsos libertatem suam impune jaculentur. Sed veritatem seculo operosissimam philosophi quidem affectant, possident autem Christiani; ideoque qui possident, magis displicent, quia qui affectat, illudit , qui possidet, defendit: denique Socrates ex ea parte damnatus est, quia proprius tentaverat veritatem, deos vestros destruendo: 0563C quanquam nondum tunc in terris nomen christianum, tamen veritas semper damnabatur. Itaque et sapientem non negabitis, cui etiam Pythius vester testimonium dixerat: Virorum, inquit, omnium Socrates sapientissimus . Vicit Apollinem veritas, ut ipse adversus se pronuntiaret; confessus 0564A est enim, se deum non esse, sed eum quoque sapientissimum affirmans, qui deos abnuebat; porro apud vos eo minus sapiens, quia deos abnuens, cum ideo sapiens, quia deos abnuens. Quo more etiam nobis soletis: bonus vir Lucius Titius, tantum quod Christianus; item alius: ego miror Caium Seium gravem virum factum Christianum. Pro stultitiae caecitate laudant quae sciunt, vituperant quae nesciunt, et id quod sciunt eo quod nesciunt vitiant. Nemini subvenit: ne ideo bonus quis et prudens, quia Christianus; aut ideo Christianus, quia prudens et bonus; cum sit humanius occulta manifestis adjudicare, quam manifesta de occulto praejudicare. Aliquos retro ante hoc nomen vagos, viles, improbos norant, emendatos repente mirantur, et tamen mirari quam 0564B assequi norunt. Alii tanta obstinatione certant, ut cum suis utilitatibus depugnent, quas de commercio istius nominis capere possunt. Scio maritum unum atque alium, anxium retro de uxoris suae moribus, qui, ne mures quidem in cubiculum irrepentes sine gemitu suspicionis sustinebat, comperta caussa novae sedulitatis et inusitatae captivitatis , omnem uxori patientiam obtulisse, negasse zelotypum, maluisse lupae quam Christianae maritum; ipsi suam licuit in perversum demutare naturam, mulieri non permisit in melius reformari. Pater filium, de quo queri desierat, exhaeredavit. Dominus servum, quem praeterea necessarium senserat, in ergastulum dedit. Simul quis intellexerit Christianum, mavult nocentem. Nam et ipsa per se traducitur disciplina, nec 0564C aliunde prodimur, quam de bono nostro. Si et mali de suo malo radiant, cur nos soli contra instituta naturae pessimi de bono denotamur? Quid enim insigne praeferimus, nisi primam sapientiam, qua frivola humanae manus opera non adoramus; abstinentiam, qua ab alieno temperamus; pudicitiam, quam nec 0565A oculis contaminamus; misericordiam, qua super indigentes flectimur; ipsam veritatem, qua offendimus; ipsam libertatem, pro qua mori novimus? Qui vult intelligere qui sint Christiani, istis indicibus utatur necesse est.