DIONYSIUS THE PRESBYTER TO TIMOTHY THE FELLOW-PRESBYTER

 ...ous Intelligences he described in the sacredly-written compositions of the Oracles, so that he might lead us up through the sensible to the intelli

 anagogical interpretations, which propose to us the formations possible for us of the formless and supernatural visions, but that this also is most fi

 to be entirely deprived of participation in the beautiful, if indeed, as the truth of the oracles says, All things are very good. <4> It is possible

 they veil the “Holy of Holies” and honor the dissimilar sacred representations, so that neither are the divine things easily accessible to the profane

 to be led up by analogy to the imitation of God and, what is the most divine thing of all, as the oracles say, to become a “fellow worker with God” an

 beings and irrationally living things and we rational beings have come to be in participation of the divine bestowal. For, intelligibly impressing the

 The things divinely promised to the forefather David have been fulfilled, while another announced the good news to the shepherds as those who had been

 their own powers and illuminations and their own sacred and supermundane good order. For it is impossible for us to know the mysteries of the super-ce

 and stably established and receptive of the visitation of the Godhead in all passionlessness and immateriality, and God-bearing, and servingly opened

 that Jesus himself initiates them immediately and first-givingly reveals to them his philanthropic good-working. For “I,” he says, “speak righteousnes

 below the earth extending its most good providence over all beings, as the super-princely principle and cause of every essence, and embracing all thin

 being led up to the super-essential principle of all things, and becoming partakers of the initiating purifications and illuminations and perfections,

 to lead principially and to be formed as much as possible in the likeness of that very principle-making principle and to reveal its super-essential or

 from which we also have looked up to the infinite and ungrudging sea of the divine light, opened readily to all for participation, over which no forei

 is led up. <2> And all are revealers and messengers of those before them, the most senior ones of God the Mover, and correspondingly the rest of those

 <ΧII.> <1> This also is inquired into by those who love to contemplate the intelligible oracles: for if the last ranks are unparticipant in the entire

 he has assigned the primary hierarchy. And is this statement perhaps true? For he who said this said that the Thearchic power, proceeding to all thing

 they do participate, but in a subordinate manner, looking to the first orders and through them, as those primarily deemed worthy of imitating God, are

 has reasonably ascribed the property to the Seraphim, after God. It is not at all strange, therefore, if the Seraph is said to purify the theologian.

 it having been previously understood that the clarifications of the sacredly-formed images sometimes show the same orders of the celestial essences hi

 of operations. Indeed, the divinely wise, knowing this, form the celestial substances out of fire, showing their God-like and, as far as possible, God

 and that which is dedicated to the whole of life, and the girdles, the guarding of their generative powers and that their unifying disposition is turn

 strong and indomitable, and that which assimilates itself, as far as possible, to the hiddenness of the ineffable Thearchy by the covering of its inte

 Let this much be said by me also concerning the sacred formations, falling short of their precise manifestation, but contributing, as I think, so that

to be led up by analogy to the imitation of God and, what is the most divine thing of all, as the oracles say, to become a “fellow worker with God” and to show the divine energy appearing in oneself as far as is possible. For instance, since the order of hierarchy is for some to be purified and others to purify, some to be illuminated and others to illuminate, and some to be perfected and others to perfect, the imitation of God will befit each in this manner: the divine blessedness, to speak in human terms, is unmixed with any unlikeness, full of eternal light, perfect and lacking in no perfection, purifying and illuminating and perfecting, or rather, it is purification itself and illumination and perfection, beyond purification, beyond light, pre-perfect, self-originating perfection, the cause of every hierarchy, and transcendently removed from everything sacred. <3> It is necessary, therefore, I think, for those being purified to be made completely unmixed and to be freed from all dissimilar confusion; for those being illuminated to be filled with the divine light, being led up toward a contemplative state and power in the all-pure eyes of the mind; for those being perfected, being transferred from the imperfect, to become partakers of the perfecting knowledge of the sacred things they have beheld; for the purifiers, by an abundance of purification, to impart their own purity to others; for the illuminators, as minds more translucent and fitly disposed for the partaking and imparting of light, and being all-blessedly filled with the sacred splendor, to channel their wholly overflowing light to those worthy of light; and for the perfecters, as those knowledgeable in the perfecting impartation, to perfect those being perfected by the all-holy initiation into the knowledge of the sacred things they have beheld. Therefore, each order of the hierarchical arrangement is led up, according to its own analogy, to the divine cooperation, accomplishing by grace and God-given power those things that are in the Godhead naturally and supernaturally, and are done by it super-essentially, and are hierarchically manifested for the possible imitation by God-loving minds. <IV.> <1> Since, then, hierarchy itself, whatever it may be, has, I think, been well defined by us, we must next celebrate in song the angelic hierarchy, and behold its sacred figurations in the oracles with supermundane eyes, so that we may be led up to their most godlike simplicity through the mystical representations, and may praise the principle of all hierarchical knowledge with God-befitting reverence and initiatory thanksgivings. But first of all, it is true to say that the super-essential Godhead, by its goodness, establishing all the essences of things that are, brought them forth into being. For this is proper to the cause of all and the goodness beyond all: to call existing things to a participation in itself, as has been determined for each of the existing things according to its own analogy. All existing things, therefore, participate in the providence gushing forth from the super-essential and all-causal divinity; for they would not exist, if they had not partaken of the essence and principle of existing things. All inanimate things, therefore, participate in it by their being (for the being of all things is the divinity beyond being), living things participate in its life-giving power which is beyond all life, and rational and intellectual things participate in its self-perfect and pre-perfect wisdom which is beyond all reason and intellect. And it is clear that those essences are around it which have participated in it in many ways. <2> The holy orders of the celestial essences, therefore, above those things that merely

ἀναλογίαν ἐπὶ τὸ θεομίμητον ἀναχθῆναι καὶ τὸ δὴ πάντων θειότερον ὡς τὰ λόγιά φησι «Θεοῦ συνεργὸν» γενέσθαι καὶ δεῖξαι τὴν θείαν ἐνέργειαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἀναφαινομένην. Oἷον ἐπειδὴ τάξις ἱεραρχίας ἐστὶ τὸ τοὺς μὲν καθαίρεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ καθαίρειν καὶ τοὺς μὲν φωτίζεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ φωτίζειν καὶ τοὺς μὲν τελεῖσθαι, τοὺς δὲ τελεσιουργεῖν, ἑκάστῳ τὸ θεομίμητον ἁρμόσει κατὰ τόνδε τὸν τρόπον· ἡ θεία μακαριότης ὡς ἐν ἀνθρώποις εἰπεῖν ἀμιγὴς μέν ἐστιν ἁπάσης ἀνομοιότητος, πλήρης δὲ φωτὸς ἀϊδίου, τελεία καὶ ἀνενδεὴς ἁπάσης τελειότητος, καθαίρουσα καὶ φωτίζουσα καὶ τελεσιουργοῦσα, μᾶλλον δὲ κάθαρσις αὐτὴ καὶ φωτισμὸς καὶ τελείωσις, ὑπὲρ κάθαρσιν ὑπὲρ φῶς προτέλειος αὐτοτελεταρχία καὶ πάσης μὲν ἱεραρχίας αἰτία, παντὸς δὲ ἱεροῦ κατὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον ἐξῃρημένη. <3> Χρὴ τοιγαροῦν ὡς οἶμαι τοὺς μὲν καθαιρομένους ἀμιγεῖς ἀποτελεῖσθαι καθόλου καὶ πάσης ἠλευθερῶσθαι τῆς ἀνομοίου συμφύρσεως, τοὺς δὲ φωτιζομένους ἀποπληροῦσθαι τοῦ θείου φωτὸς πρὸς θεωρητικὴν ἕξιν καὶ δύναμιν ἐν πανάγνοις νοὸς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἀναγομένους, τοὺς δὲ τελειου μένους ἐκ τοῦ ἀτελοῦς μεταταττομένους μετόχους γίνεσθαι τῆς τῶν ἐποπτευθέντων ἱερῶν τελειωτικῆς ἐπιστήμης, τοὺς δὲ καθαρτικοὺς πε ριουσίᾳ καθάρσεως ἑτέροις μεταδιδόναι τῆς οἰκείας ἁγνότητος, τοὺς δὲ φωτιστικοὺς ὡς διειδεστέρους νόας καὶ πρὸς μετοχὴν φωτὸς καὶ μετάδοσιν οἰκείως ἔχοντας καὶ πανολβίως τῆς ἱερᾶς ἀποπληρουμένους αἴγλης τὸ κατὰ πᾶν αὐτῶν ὑπερχεόμενον φῶς εἰς τοὺς ἀξίους φωτὸς ἐποχετεύειν, τοὺς δὲ τελεσιουργοὺς ὡς ἐπιστημονικοὺς τῆς τελεστικῆς μεταδόσεως τελεῖν τοὺς τελουμένους τῇ πανιέρῳ μυήσει τῆς τῶν ἐποπτευθέντων ἱερῶν ἐπιστήμης. Oὐκοῦν ἑκάστη τῆς ἱεραρχικῆς διακοσμήσεως τάξις κατὰ τὴν οἰκείαν ἀναλογίαν ἀνάγεται πρὸς τὴν θείαν συνεργίαν, ἐκεῖνα τελοῦσα χάριτι καὶ θεοσδότῳ δυνάμει τὰ τῇ θεαρχίᾳ φυσικῶς καὶ ὑπερ φυῶς ἐνόντα καὶ πρὸς αὐτῆς ὑπερουσίως δρώμενα καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐφικτὴν τῶν φιλοθέων νοῶν μίμησιν ἱεραρχικῶς ἐκφαινόμενα. <IV.> <1> Τῆς τοίνυν ἱεραρχίας αὐτῆς ὅ τί ποτέ ἐστιν, ὡς οἶμαι, καλῶς ἡμῖν ὁρισθείσης, τὴν ἀγγελικὴν ἱεραρχίαν ἑξῆς ὑμνητέον καὶ τὰς ἱερὰς αὐτῆς ἐν τοῖς λογίοις μορφοποιίας ὑπερκοσμίοις ὀφθαλμοῖς ἐποπτευτέον, ὅπως ἀναχθῶμεν ἐπὶ τὴν θεοειδεστάτην αὐτῶν ἁπλότητα διὰ τῶν μυστικῶν ἀναπλάσεων, καὶ τὴν ἁπάσης ἱεραρχικῆς ἐπιστήμης ἀρχὴν ὑμνήσωμεν ἐν θεοπρεπεῖ σεβασμιότητι καὶ τελεταρχικαῖς εὐχαριστίαις. Πρῶτον δ' ἁπάντων ἐκεῖνο εἰπεῖν ἀληθές, ὡς ἀγαθότητι πάσας ἡ ὑπερούσιος θεαρχία τὰς τῶν ὄντων οὐσίας ὑποστήσασα πρὸς τὸ εἶναι παρήγαγεν. Ἔστι γὰρ τοῦτο τῆς πάντων αἰτίας καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντα ἀγα θότητος ἴδιον τὸ πρὸς κοινωνίαν ἑαυτῆς τὰ ὄντα καλεῖν, ὡς ἑκάστῳ τῶν ὄντων ὥρισται πρὸς τῆς οἰκείας ἀναλογίας. Πάντα μὲν οὖν τὰ ὄντα μετέχει προνοίας ἐκ τῆς ὑπερουσίου καὶ παναιτίου θεότητος ἐκβλυζο μένης· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἦν, εἰ μὴ τῆς τῶν ὄντων οὐσίας καὶ ἀρχῆς μετειλήφει. Τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄζωα πάντα τῷ εἶναι αὐτῆς μετέχει (τὸ γὰρ εἶναι πάντων ἐστὶν ἡ ὑπὲρ τὸ εἶναι θεότης), τὰ δὲ ζῶντα τῆς αὐτῆς ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ζωὴν ζωοποιοῦ δυνάμεως, τὰ δὲ λογικὰ καὶ νοερὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ὑπὲρ πάντα καὶ λόγον καὶ νοῦν αὐτοτελοῦς καὶ προτελείου σοφίας. ∆ῆλον δὲ ὅτι περὶ αὐτὴν ἐκεῖναι τῶν οὐσιῶν εἰσιν ὅσαι πολλαχῶς αὐτῆς μετειλήφασιν. <2> Aἱ γοῦν ἅγιαι τῶν οὐρανίων οὐσιῶν διακοσμήσεις ὑπὲρ τὰ μόνον