Chronicon OF GEORGE THE MONK LIVES OF THE NEW EMPERORS.

 he summons to the palace Nikephoros the renowned patriarch and with him the leading bishops and priests in the presence of the senate, and says, Know

 a man-slaying fruit of a seed bitterly kept and sprouted in our generation, I know not whence this terrible condemnation was allotted to the Romans. w

 and the fool will speak foolish things. For being exceedingly ignorant and nonsensical, he did not know at all those Cherubim wrought of gold, which t

 we have recorded as being preserved. 21 And sight is a witness, a truthful teacher. Both the length of time and the building of the venerable churches

 This apostolic preaching they continue to uphold and never in another jurisdiction, where there are Christians, is that wicked and lawless and God-ha

 {THE REIGN OF MICHAEL THE STAMMERER.}

 Therefore, having plundered it moderately, but not as he had hoped, but as divine providence allowed on account of our sins, he accomplished nothing m

 {THE REIGN OF THEOPHILOS.}

 of impiety and insolence, and of tyranny and madness, the deluded and vain-minded one. Since therefore he was possessed by the same deceit and derange

 this? But the emperor, as if rebuked, forcefully dragged him from the sanctuary, and having inflicted no small number of blows upon him, exiled him,

 as was fitting, he received him, immediately making him magister and domestic of the scholae, and receiving his children from holy baptism. 14. Elated

 most lawless ones, or Pharaoh the Egyptian, or Nebuchadnezzar the Assyrian? Or should we bring all these together and name you one and the same, since

 he wished to take, but he received two pounds for him, the general having also been ordered to test him, and if he was brave, to make him a guardsman.

 Then, having impiously committed many shameful, terrible, and absurd acts, they were driven from there as apostates. But having fled to the imperial c

 having secretly brought out Theophobos through Boukoleon, they saved him near Narsou, in what is now called 'of Theophobias', and they placed this the

 and overturned every day. And so finally, through imperial commission and cooperation, the fathers in exile and bitter prisons were recalled and resto

 Theophilitzes said, My lord, 817 I have a young man, most experienced and most brave with horses, just as your majesty desires, by the name of Basil.

 church, having a warden named Nicholas. And on that night a divine voice called the warden, saying Arise, bring the emperor into the oratory. And ha

 to Bardas, Do not strike the logothete. But they slaughtered him and cut him limb from limb in the Scythian manner, showing the rawness and savagery

 having constructed it very beautifully with flowing water. And when this was completed, there was someone in the city named Peter, a man of letters an

 plotting against him. But he heard these things as nonsense. But Basil, hurrying to convince the emperor, befriends Symbatios, a patrician and logothe

 standing on a high rock, cried out loudly to the emperor, A fine journey you have made, O emperor, having slain your own kinsman and your paternal bl

 Peganes to cense him with an earthenware censer with sulfur. And they blind Symbatios in one eye, and they also cut off his right hand, and they set h

 the emperor. And John the Chaldos immediately with his sword striking the emperor cut off his hands. And Iakobitzes the apelates, the Persian, woundin

 and having been eaten by worms, he died. 3. And the emperor, having come forth on the day of Christ's nativity during the procession to the great chur

 before the fleet arrived, with the emperor lamenting and mourning greatly. 12. And when Niketas Xylinites, the epi tes trapezes, was accused of being

 he made Leo fashion and wear in his boot, saying to him that Often when your father is looking for a small knife for some need, why do you not give i

 of the drome and having gone up to the ambo of the church, having read the charges against the patriarch Photius, they brought him down from the thro

 to make war against Hagion. And when an engagement occurred, those with Constantine were defeated and slaughtered, with him barely escaping. 9. And th

 He having died, Symeon sought pretexts to break the peace for seeking other captives as well, he advanced against the Romans. And the emperor Leo app

 he having given his word to Basileios, he confided everything to him. But Samonas, entering in to the emperor, said to him that, my lord, I wish to te

 Of Nicholas the Patriarch, the monks were pardoned from death, Karamalos to the Pikridiou monastery, and Eustathios to the Stoudiou monastery. And the

 He was persuading, he fled to Siricha to the precious cross, pretending that he had come on account of faith in the cross. So Constantine, the son of

 Andronikos, learning this, despairing, along with his relatives and his children and his men, went away and seized the fortress of Kabala, having come

 Samonas said, Against whom is the affliction? The metropolitan said to him, Against you and if you get past the 13th of June, from then on you wil

 he dressed it and made an illumination for the animals. For this reason the hand of God was lifted from him, as one who attached the honor of God to i

 of the detachments fell, and so many that the place was flooded with blood pouring down like a river. And Gregoras the son of the Doux was also killed

 879 of Domenikos the Hetaeriarch. Zoe deposes Patriarch Nicholas along with those with him in anger, telling him to look after and care for the affair

 others in the engagement of the war, 882 both Constantine Lips and John Grapson and a sufficient number of other commanders. 17. And at some point Rom

 These things came to pass. 23 But the emperor took Nicholas the patriarch and Stephen the magister to be with him in the palace, drawing the authority

 the basileopator, having made signed golden bulls as if from the person of the emperor Constantine, containing the overthrow of such a plot, and that

 they came forth in a procession. 2. In the month of June, of the 8th indiction, on a Sunday, the union of the church took place under Romanos, with al

 and many others. Therefore, having barely been saved, he entered into the dromon. And Alexios Mouseles the droungarios also came fleeing, armed, with

 is deprived. They tonsured Bardas Boilas as a monk, since the emperor pitied him as he was a friend. 15. When the patrician nicknamed Moroleon, who wa

 of silver-shielded and silver-speared men, and of those adorned with every color of arms, all of them fenced in with 900 iron, who, having taken Symeo

 Stephen the metropolitan of Amaseia being a eunuch. 903 26. In the month of October, the mystikos John, the paradynasteuon, was accused of aspiring to

 and with Maria the daughter of Christopher and with the whole senate to the church of the most holy Theotokos of the Spring, and they blessed both Pet

 son of the emperor Romanos, whom they were about to ordain patriarch of Constantinople. 38. On the twenty-fifth of the same month an unbearable winter

 he having already reached old age and his sons being still infants. and his remains were placed in the aforementioned monastery of his father. 43. And

 Consequently, the rest of the dromons and the triremes, having sallied forth, worked a complete rout, and they sank many ships with their crews, and w

 a military force being besieged and coming into the greatest necessity, its inhabitants sent an embassy to the emperor Romanos to have the siege lifte

 a monk. 1 Constantine, his son-in-law, was therefore left as sole emperor who, having immediately honored Bardas, the son of Phokas, with the dignity

This apostolic preaching they continue to uphold; and never in another jurisdiction, where there are Christians, is that wicked and lawless and God-hated dogma, alien to Christian piety, found to have sprung up, not even so much as for the wicked and abominable treatises to have come to memory, but only in this servile and enslaved domain which mocks divine things by authority, 780 in which prevails the impassioned and materialist earthly and boastful and arrogant mindset of those who turn about the earth and wallow in the mud. Where self-love, love of power, love of pleasure, love of glory, the enjoyment of all desires, the will to rule over all and not to be ruled even by God Himself, and the acquisition and procurement of human glory, or rather to say, shame. From this comes the insolence against God and the saints and the persecution of the church. From here the subject populace, being dominated or tyrannized, is forced to submit to their dogmas and wishes; for which reason the living weapon has been forged and devised, assembled in appearance to be a bodyguard, but in truth conceived to sack the church of Christ and to plunder, on the pretext of circumscribing the divinity of Christ together in the icon, speaking nonsense; as if someone were to show this solar and disc-shaped body depicted in some place, as is seen to happen in some cases, they would have dogmatized that the substance of the light and its radiance are also depicted and circumscribed with it, or that in any case the light is cut off from the sun, or again if he should see a ray of the sun somewhere striking a tree, and the tree were cut into, it was senselessly thought that the ray would also be cut with it. And indeed they will reason this way also in the case of fire 781 and of some other things, so that they might be justly made sport of by playing children for thinking things more foolish. For if in the case of the things mentioned it is not natural for it either to happen or to be seen, nor will it have a place in speech, how much more in the case of the ineffable and divine nature or in the case of the unutterable and inexplicable economy of Christ is it impossible and not to be attempted to say or to think these things! For not even when being incarnate or suffering for us in the body did He suffer this, since in that case even if a man like us were depicted in body, it would be necessary for the soul also to be depicted with it, or for it certainly to die as they are separated; for what else is death than the separation of soul and body? Wherefore in these things they are clearly seen to be no less impious than they are ignorant; for they do not know how great is the peculiar and different meaning of 'depictable' and 'circumscribable' and of 'to depict' and 'to circumscribe', and for this reason, being deceived, they talk nonsense. Where indeed at all has a body that cannot be depicted or is uncircumscribable been heard of from all eternity? or how will the definition and principle of a body be preserved, if it did not have these things? The one therefore who does not hold the opinion that Christ can be depicted or circumscribed in body, either does not know what a body is, from which he does not possess a right opinion, or, knowing, he refuses that body and soul are saved. The one, at any rate, who confesses that Christ has taken up a body such as ours, and this is depictable 782 and circumscribable, would of necessity also confess that the body of Christ is depictable and circumscribable. but if he will not grant the second, then he will not grant the first either, which is in every way irrational and ridiculous. 27 We therefore do not circumscribe, but we depict. But the wretches also babble something else more absurd; for they monstrously claim, I know not how out of foolishness, that He whom they say is uncircumscribable is circumscribed together with the icon. But if indeed they will again babble that Christ ought not to be depicted, the Charybdis of their own teachers, of Manes and Valentinus and Marcion, has gaped wide for them. For by holding the opinion that the divine Word was incarnate in appearance and illusion, they will be ensnared no less in the former blasphemy of falsehood, they who impiously array themselves against the whole economy and do not blush. And who are these? The accusers of those who are praised, those who are dark concerning the light, the uninstructed concerning wisdom, the ungrateful creatures, according to the theologian's voice.

τοῦτο καὶ ἀποστολικὸν περιέποντες διατελοῦσι κήρυγμα· καὶ οὔ ποτε ἐν ἄλλῃ ἐξουσίᾳ, ἔνθα Χριστιανοί, τὸ ἔκθεσμον ἐκεῖνο καὶ παράνομον καὶ τῆς Χριστιανῶν θεοσεβείας ἀλλότριον παραφυὲν καταλαμβάνεται θεοστυγὲς δόγμα, οὐδὲ ὅσον εἰς μνήμην ἀφῖχθαι τῶν πονηρῶν καὶ μυσαρῶν συνταγμάτων, ἀλλ' ἢ μόνον κατὰ τὴν δούλην ταύτην καὶ ἠνδραποδισμένην καὶ τὰ θεῖα κατ' ἐξουσίαν 780 παίζουσαν, ἐν ᾗ τὸ ἐμπαθὲς καὶ πρόσυλον τῶν περὶ γῆν στρεφο μένων καὶ ἰλυσπωμένων γήϊνον καὶ ἀλαζονικὸν καὶ ὑπερήφανον πρυτανεύει φρόνημα. ἔνθα τὸ φίλαυτον, τὸ φίλαρχον, τὸ φιλή δονον, τὸ φιλόδοξον, ἡ πάντων καταθυμίων ἀπόλαυσις, τὸ πάν των ἐθέλειν ἄρχειν καὶ μηδὲ πρὸς αὐτοῦ θεοῦ ἄρχεσθαι, καὶ ἡ τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης δόξης ἢ μᾶλλον εἰπεῖν αἰσχύνης κτῆσις καὶ περι ποίησις. ἔνθεν ἡ κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῶν ἁγίων ὕβρις καὶ τῆς ἐκ κλησίας ὁ διωγμός. ἐντεῦθεν κατακυριευόμενον ἢ τυραννούμενον τὸ ὑπήκοον τοῖς ἐκείνων δόγμασι καὶ θελήμασιν ὑποκύπτειν ἐκβιά ζεται· ὧν ἕνεκεν τὸ ἔμψυχον κεχάλκευται καὶ ἐσχεδίασται ὅπλον, σχήματι μὲν τοῦ σωματοφυλακεῖν ἠθροισμένον, ταῖς δὲ ἀληθείαις τοῦ ἐκπορθεῖν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Χριστοῦ καὶ ληΐζειν ἐπινενοημένον, προφάσει τοῦ συμπεριγράφεσθαι τὴν Χριστοῦ θεότητα ἐν τῇ εἰ κόνι, παραληροῦντες· ὡς εἴ τις καὶ τὸ ἡλιακὸν δὴ τοῦτο καὶ δισκοειδὲς σῶμα γεγραμμένον ἔν τινι τόπῳ, καθὼς ἔν τισιν ὁρᾶται γιγνόμενον, ὑποδείξειεν, ἐδογμάτισαν ἂν καὶ τὴν τοῦ φωτὸς οὐ σίαν καὶ αὐγὴν συγγράφεσθαι καὶ περιγράφεσθαι ἢ πάντως ἐκ τοῦ ἡλίου τὸ φῶς ἀποτέμνεσθαι, ἢ πάλιν ἀκτῖνα ἡλίου εἴ που δένδρῳ προσβάλλουσαν ἴδοι, ἐντμηθείη δὲ τὸ δένδρον, συνεγκοπήσεσθαι καὶ τὴν ἀκτῖνα παραφρόνως ἐνομίσθη. καὶ μέντοι καὶ ἐπὶ πυρὸς 781 καὶ ἄλλων τινῶν διανοηθήσονται, ἵνα ἐνδίκως παρὰ παίδων παι ζόντων παιχθήσωνται φρονοῦντες ἀσυνετώτερα. εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν εἰρημένων οὔτε γίνεσθαι οὔτε ὁρᾶσθαι πέφυκεν οὔτε μὴν λέγεσθαι χώραν ἕξει, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπορρήτου καὶ θείας φύσεως ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀφράστου καὶ ἀνερμηνεύτου Χριστοῦ οἰκονομίας ταῦτα λέγειν ἢ ἐννοεῖν ἀδύνατα καὶ ἀνεπιχείρητα! οὐδὲ γὰρ σαρκούμενος ἢ πάσχων ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τῷ σώματι τοῦτο πέπονθεν, ἐπεὶ οὕτω γε καὶ εἰ ἄνθρωπος τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς εἰκονίζοιτο σώματι, ἀνάγκη καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν συνεικονίζεσθαι, ἢ πάντως τεθνήξεσθαι χωριζομένων· τί γὰρ ἕτερον θάνατος ἢ χωρισμὸς ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος; ὅθεν ἐν τούτοις φαίνονται προδήλως οὐδὲν ἧττον ἀσεβοῦντες ἢ ἀμαθαί νοντες· οὐ γὰρ ἴσασιν ὅσον γραπτοῦ καὶ περιγραπτοῦ τοῦ τε γρά φειν καὶ περιγράφειν τὸ ἰδιάζον καὶ διηλλαγμένον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο φενακιζόμενοι ματαιολογοῦσι. ποῦ δὲ ὅλως σῶμα ἄγραφον ἢ ἀπερίγραφον ἐκ τοῦ παντὸς αἰῶνος ἤκουσται; ἢ πῶς ὁ τοῦ σώμα τος ὅρος καὶ λόγος σωθήσεται, εἰ μὴ ταῦτα ἔχοι; ὁ τοίνυν μὴ δοξάζων γράφεσθαι ἢ περιγράφεσθαι τὸν Χριστὸν σώματι, ἢ ὅ τι ἔστι σῶμα οὐκ ἔγνω, ἐξ οὗ μηδὲ δόξαν ὀρθὴν κέκτηται, ἢ γνοὺς σῶμα καὶ ψυχὴν σώζεσθαι παραιτεῖται. ὁ γοῦν ὁμολογῶν σῶμα τὸν Χριστὸν ἀνειληφέναι ὁποῖον τὸ ἡμέτερον, τοῦτο δὲ γραπτὸν 782 καὶ περιγραπτόν, ἐξ ἀνάγκης καὶ τὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ σῶμα γραπτὸν καὶ περιγραπτὸν εἶναι συνομολογήσειεν. εἰ δὲ τὸ δεύτερον οὐ δώσει, οὐδὲ τὸ πρῶτον ἄρα, ὃ πάντῃ ἄλογον καὶ καταγέλαστον. 27 οὐ περιγράφομεν οὖν ἡμεῖς, ἀλλὰ γράφομεν. κενολογοῦσι δὲ οἱ ἄθλιοι καὶ ἄλλο ἀτοπώτερον· ὃν γὰρ φασὶν ἀπερίγραπτον, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως ὑπ' εὐηθείας συμπεριγράφεσθαι τῇ εἰκόνι τερα τεύονται. εἰ δὲ δὴ μὴ χρῆναι τὸν Χριστὸν εἰκονίζεσθαι πάλιν κενολογήσουσιν, ἡ τῶν διδασκάλων αὐτῶν Χάρυβδις αὐτοὺς με γάλως περικέχηνε, Μάνεντος Οὐαλεντίνου τε καὶ Μαρκίωνος. δοκήσει γὰρ καὶ φαντασίᾳ τὸν θεῖον λόγον σεσαρκῶσθαι δοξάζον τες οὐδὲν ἧττον τῇ προτέρᾳ τοῦ ψεύδους βλασφημίᾳ περιπαρήσον ται, οἵ γε πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκονομίαν παραταττόμενοι δυσσεβῶς οὐ κατερυθριῶσιν. καὶ ταῦτα τίνες; οἱ κατήγοροι τῶν ἐπαινου μένων, οἱ σκοτεινοὶ περὶ τὸ φῶς, οἱ περὶ τὴν σοφίαν ἀπαίδευτοι, τὰ ἀχάριστα κτίσματα κατὰ τὴν θεολόγον φωνήν.