6

What about the one immediately after him in time but not after him in majesty with God, the royal priesthood that bears its name, will he not agree and be of one mind? But listen and learn: "Properly the Son is from God, since the Son came forth from the Father and the Spirit proceeds from the Father; but the one from the Father by begetting, the other ineffably from God." Behold, he has placed "from (p. 88) the Father" many times similarly upon both; can you then still say at all that the Holy Spirit is not from the Father alone, because "alone" is not added?

Do you wish then to hear also from the great theologian Gregory, who summarizes the whole thing in brief and carves away your addition as with a chisel, and applies "from alone" to both? and what is more wondrous, not that he adds it, but that it is not added. "To us there is one God," he says, "because there is one Godhead, and the things that are from him have their reference to one, even though three are believed in." Have you heard? He said both are from him. Shall we not then understand and add that both proceed from the Father and from some other, because "alone" is not added, and because of this shall we fall away from the one God of the most high Trinity? May you not suffer this, or rather, may you not remain incurable having suffered it; for the right way has now become known to you.

And indeed we say the Son is from the Father, as having been begotten from the divine essence, that is, according to the paternal hypostasis; for the essence of the three is one; so that to beget applies to the paternal hypostasis and it is not possible for the Son to be from the Spirit. Since, therefore, the Holy Spirit is also from the Father, proceeding from the divine essence itself according to the paternal hypostasis; for the essence is in every way and altogether one for the three. Therefore to proceed applies to the paternal hypostasis and it is not possible for the Spirit to be also from the Son, for it is not for the Son to have the properties of the paternal hypostasis.

For according to the sacred Damascene, "we recognize the difference of the divine hypostases in three properties alone, the uncaused and paternal, the caused and filial, and the (p. 90) caused and processional." Do you see how the hypostasis of the Son is not also a cause, but only caused? For it has, he says, this property alone, just as does that of the Spirit. And do you also see this, how the paternal, insofar as it is a paternal property, encompasses both begetting and proceeding? Therefore, if the Holy Spirit is also from the Son, the Son would be at the same time both cause and Father, as cause.

Therefore it is possible for the Son to have something of the paternal hypostasis; and if he has, either there will be two causes, as the act of proceeding would be in two hypostases (for thus there would also be two caused beings, as the caused being would be considered in two hypostases), or the Father and the Son will collapse into one hypostasis. Therefore, the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone, and proximately and immediately from the Father, just as the Son is also begotten from the Father.

Therefore Gregory of Nyssa, the divine prelate, also says, "all the persons of man do not have their being from the same person proximately, so that there are many and different causes in addition to the caused beings. But in the case of the Holy Trinity it is not so; for there is one and the same person of the Father, from whom the Son is begotten and the Holy Spirit proceeds. Therefore we also properly and boldly say that the one cause with its caused beings is one God."

Have you then understood, having been struck by the word of truth, and do you unlearn and learn the truth and are you persuaded by God and by the fathers according to God, so that hearing the Spirit is from the Father, you understand that this means from him alone, and no longer the existence from different persons

6

Τί δέ ὁ μετ᾿ αὐτόν εὐθύς τῷ χρόνῳ καί οὐ μετ᾿ αὐτόν τῇ μεγαλειότητι παρά Θεῷ, τό φερωνύμως βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα, ἆρ᾿ οὐ συμφωνήσει τε καί συμφρονήσει; Ἀλλ᾿ ἄκουε καί μάνθανε˙ «κυρίως ὁ Υἱός ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐπειδή ὁ Υἱός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐξῆλθε καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεται˙ ἀλλ᾿ ὁ μέν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός γεννητῶς, τό δέ ἀρρήτως ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ». Ἰδού πολυπλασίως ὁμοίως ἐπ᾿ ἀμφοῖν τέθεικε τό ἐκ (σελ. 88) τοῦ Πατρός˙ ἔχεις οὖν ὅλως λέγειν ἔτι, ὡς οὐκ ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, ὅτι μή πρόσκειται τό «μόνου»;

Βούλει δή καί τοῦ μεγάλου θεολόγου ἀκοῦσαι Γρηγορίου, ἐν βραχεῖ τό πᾶν συνάγοντος καί τήν σήν ὥσπερ τινί σμιλίῳ ἀποσμιλεύοντος προσθήκην καί ἀμφοτέροις τό ἐκ μόνου ἐφαρμόζοντος; καί τό θαυμασιώτερον, οὐχ ὅτι προστίθησιν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι μή προστήθησιν. «Ἡμῖν εἷς Θεός», φησίν, «ὅτι μία θεότης, καί πρός ἕν τά ἐξ αὐτοῦ τήν ἀναφοράν ἔχει, κἄν τρία πιστεύηται». Ἀκήκοας; Ἐξ αὐτοῦ εἶπεν ἄμφω. Ἆρ᾿ οὖν οὐ νοήσομεν καί προσθήσομεν, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός καί ἐξ ἑτέρου τινός προέρχεται ἀμφότερα, ὅτι μή πρόσκειται τό «μόνου», καί τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ τῆς ἀνωτάτω Τριάδος διά τοῦτο ἐκπεσούμεθα; Μή σύ γε τοῦτο πάθῃς, μᾶλλον δέ μή διαμείνῃς ἀνίατος παθών˙ γνωστόν γάρ ἤδη γέγονέ σοι τό ὀρθόν.

Καί μήν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός φαμεν εἶναι τόν Υἱόν, ὡς ἐκ τῆς θείας οὐσίας γεννηθέντα, δηλονότι κατά τήν πατρικήν ὑπόστασιν˙ ἡ γάρ οὐσία μία τῶν τριῶν ἐστιν˙ ὥστε τό γεννᾶν τῇ πατρικῇ ὑποστάσει ἐφαρμόζεται καί οὐκ ἔστιν εἶναι τόν Υἱόν ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος. Ἐπεί οὖν καί τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, ἐκ τῆς θείας οὐσίας καί αὐτό κατά τήν πατρικήν ὑπόστασιν ἐκπορευόμενόν ἐστιν˙ ἡ γάρ οὐσία πάντῃ τε καί πάντως μία τῶν τριῶν. Οὐκοῦν τό ἐκπορεύειν τῇ πατρικῇ ὑποστάσει ἐφαρμόζεται καί οὐκ ἔστιν εἶναι τό Πνεῦμα καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, οὐ γάρ ἐστι τά τῆς πατρικῆς ὑποστάσεως ἔχειν τόν Υἱόν.

Κατά γάρ τόν ἱερόν ∆αμασκηνόν, «τήν διαφοράν τῶν θείων ὑποστάσεων ἐν μόναις τρισίν ἰδιότησιν ἐπιγινώσκομεν, τῇ ἀναιτίῳ καί πατρικῇ, τῇ αἰτιατῇ καί υἱϊκῇ, καί τῇ (σελ. 90) αἰτιατῇ καί ἐκπορευτῇ». Ὁρᾷς ὡς ἡ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ὑπόστασις οὐχί καί αἰτία, ἀλλ᾿ αἰτιατή μόνον ἐστί; Μόνην γάρ, φησί, ταύτην ἔχει τήν ἰδιότητα, καθάπερ καί ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος. Συνορᾷς δέ καί τοῦτο, ὡς ἡ πατρική, καθό πατρική ἰδιότης, ἄμφω τό γεννᾶν καί ἐκπορεύειν συμπεριβάλλει; Τοιγαροῦν, εἰ καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, εἴη ἄν καί ὁ Υἱός αἴτιός τε ἅμα καί Πατήρ ὡς αἴτιος.

Οὐκοῦν ἔνι τι τῶν τῆς πατρικῆς ὑποστάσεως ἔχειν τόν Υἱόν˙ εἰ δ᾿ ἔχει, ἤ δύο ἔσονται τά αἴτια, ὡς ἐν δυσίν ὑποστάσεσι τοῦ ἐκπορεύειν ὄντος (οὕτω γάρ δύο καί τά αἰτιατά, ὡς τοῦ αἰτιατοῦ ἐν δυσίν ὑποστάσεσι θεωρουμένου), ἤ συνδραμοῦνται εἰς μίαν τήν ὑπόστασιν ὁ Πατήρ καί ὁ Υἱός. Ἐκ μόνου ἄρα τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορεύεται τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, καί προσεχῶς καί ἀμέσως ἐκ Πατρός, ὡς καί ὁ Υἱός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός γεννᾶται.

∆ιό καί Γρηγόριος ὁ Νύσσης θεῖος πρόεδρος, «τά τοῦ ἀνθρώπου», φησί, «πρόσωπα πάντα, οὐκ ἀπό τοῦ αὐτοῦ προσώπου κατά τό προσεχές ἔχει τό εἶναι, ὡς πολλά καί διάφορα εἶναι πρός τοῖς αἰτιατοῖς καί τά αἴτια. Ἐπί δέ τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος οὐχ οὕτως˙ ἕν γάρ πρόσωπον καί τό αὐτό τοῦ Πατρός, ἐξ οὗπερ ὁ Υἱός γεννᾶται καί τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐκπορεύεται. ∆ιό καί κυρίως τό ἕνα αἴτιον μετά τῶν αὐτοῦ αἰτιατῶν ἕνα Θεόν φαμεν τεθαρρηκότως».

Ἆρα νοῦν ἔλαβες πληγείς τῷ τῆς ἀληθείας λόγῳ καί μεταμανθάνεις τήν ἀλήθειαν καί πείθῃ Θεῷ καί τοῖς κατά Θεόν πατράσιν, ὡς ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἀκούων τό Πνεῦμα συνυπακούειν τό ἐκ μόνου καί μηκέτ᾿ ἐκ διαφόρων προσώπων τήν ὕπαρξιν