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from you; but here he did not say that we teach them, but, we boast and take pride. If, therefore, we both give thanks to God for you, and boast among men, much more ought you to do this for our good things. For if your achievements are worthy of boasting to others, how are they a cause of lamentations to us? It cannot be said. So that we ourselves, he says, boast in you in the churches of God for your patience and faith. Here he shows also that a long time has passed; for patience is shown over a long time, not in two or three days. But he does not speak simply of patience. 62.475 Indeed, then, even not yet enjoying the promised good things is a matter of patience; but now he speaks also of a greater patience. What patience is this? That which is through persecutions. And that he alludes to this is clear from what he adds and says: In all your persecutions and the tribulations which you endure. For they were living continually with enemies attempting to harm them from all sides, and they showed their patience to be firm and unmoved. Let all those be ashamed who for the sake of human patronage change their doctrines. For when the preaching was still at its beginning, poor men who lived from their daily work undertook enmities against men engaged in public life and the first men of the city, with no king or ruler anywhere being a believer, and they endured an undeclared war, and not even so did they defect. A manifest token of the righteous judgment of God. See how he gathers together the consolation for them. He said, that We give thanks to God, he said, that We boast among men. These things are indeed good; but what he who is in pain most seeks is this: deliverance from evils, and punishment of those who treat them badly. For when the soul is weak, it especially seeks these things; but the philosophic soul, not even this. What then is it that he says, A manifest token of the righteous judgment of God? He has already hinted at both recompenses, both that of those who do evil, and that of those who suffer; as if he had said: that, when He crowns you, and punishes them, the righteousness of God may be shown. At the same time he also consoles them, showing that they are crowned from their own labors and sweat and according to the principle of justice. But he places their part first. For even if one strongly desires vengeance, yet he first yearns for the prizes. For this reason he also adds, saying: That you may be counted worthy of the kingdom of God, for which you also suffer. So then this does not happen because the wrongdoers are more powerful, but because it is necessary to enter the kingdom in this way. For through many tribulations, he says, we must enter into the kingdom of God. If indeed it is just with God to repay with affliction those who afflict you, and to you who are afflicted, rest with us, at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven with his angels of power. The word "if indeed" here stands for "since"; which we also use for things that are strongly agreed upon and undeniable; instead of, "it is very just." If it is just, he says, with God to avenge them, He will surely avenge; as if he had said: if God cares about things, if God is provident. So also he himself uses this "if indeed" as for things agreed upon; as if one were to say: if God hates the wicked; saying this for this reason, that he might compel them to say that He does hate them; for such verdicts are especially indisputable; as even they themselves know that it is just. For if this is just with men, much more with God. To repay, he says, with affliction those who afflict you, and to you who are afflicted, rest with us. 3. What then? Is the recompense equal? By no means; but see from what follows how he shows it to be more severe, and the rest much greater. Behold also another consola 62.476 tion: for he says that they have as partners in the recompense those who were partners in the afflictions (this

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παρ' ὑμῶν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι διδάσκομεν αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ, καυχώμεθα καὶ σεμνυνόμεθα. Εἰ τοίνυν ἡμεῖς ἐφ' ὑμῖν καὶ εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ καυχώμεθα παρὰ ἀνθρώποις, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡμετέροις χρὴ καλοῖς τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ ἑτέροις καυχήματός ἐστιν ἄξια τὰ κατορθώματα ὑμῶν, πῶς ἡμῖν θρήνων; Οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν· Ὥστε ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς, φησὶν, ἐν ὑμῖν καυχᾶσθαι ἐν ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑπομονῆς ὑμῶν καὶ πίστεως. Ἐνταῦθα δείκνυσι καὶ πολὺν παρελθόντα χρόνον· ἡ γὰρ ὑπομονὴ ἀπὸ χρόνου φαίνεται πολλοῦ, οὐκ ἐν δύο καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δέ φησιν ὑπομονήν. 62.475 Μάλιστα μὲν οὖν καὶ τὸ τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀγαθῶν μὴ ἤδη ἀπολαύειν, ὑπομονῆς ἐστι· νῦν δὲ καὶ μείζονα λέγει ὑπομονήν. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Τὴν διὰ τῶν διωγμῶν. Ὅτι δὲ ταύτην αἰνίττεται, δῆλον ἐξ ὧν ἐπάγει καὶ λέγει· Ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς διωγμοῖς ὑμῶν καὶ ταῖς θλίψεσιν αἷς ἀνέχεσθε. Πολεμίοις γὰρ συνέζων διηνεκῶς πάντοθεν βλάπτειν ἐπιχειροῦσι, καὶ στεῤῥὰν καὶ ἀκίνητον τὴν ὑπομονὴν ἐπεδείκνυντο. Αἰσχυνέσθωσαν ὅσοι διὰ προστασίαν ἀνθρώπων εἰς δόγματα μεθίστανται. Ἔτι γὰρ ἀρχῆς οὔσης τοῦ κηρύγματος, ἄνθρωποι πένητες καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς καθημερινῆς ζῶντες ἐργασίας πρὸς ἄνδρας πολιτευομένους καὶ πρώτους τῆς πόλεως ἔχθρας ἀνεδέχοντο, οὔτε βασιλέως, οὔτε ἄρχοντος ὄντος που πιστοῦ, καὶ πόλεμον ἀκήρυκτον ὑφίσταντο, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐξίσταντο. Ἔνδειγμα τῆς δικαίας κρίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὅρα πῶς αὐτοῖς συνάγει τὴν παραμυθίαν. Εἶπεν, ὅτι Εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ Θεῷ, εἶπεν, ὅτι Καυχώμεθα παρὰ ἀνθρώποις. Καλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ταῦτα· ἀλλ' ὃ μάλιστα ζητεῖ ὁ ὀδυνώμενος, τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἀπαλλαγὴν τῶν κακῶν, καὶ τιμωρίαν τῶν κακῶς αὐτοὺς διατιθέντων. Ὅταν γὰρ ἀσθενὴς ᾖ ἡ ψυχὴ, ταῦτα μάλιστα ἐπιζητεῖ· ἡ γὰρ φιλόσοφος, οὐδὲ τοῦτο. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ὅ φησιν, Ἔνδειγμα τῆς δικαίας κρίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ; Ἤδη τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν ᾐνίξατο ἑκατέραν, καὶ τὴν τῶν ποιούντων κακῶς, καὶ τὴν τῶν πασχόντων· ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν· ἵν', ὅταν ὑμᾶς μὲν στεφανοῖ, ἐκείνους δὲ κολάζῃ, δεικνύηται τὸ δίκαιον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἅμα αὐτοὺς καὶ παραμυθεῖται, δεικνὺς ὅτι ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων πόνων καὶ τῶν ἱδρώτων καὶ κατὰ τὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης λόγον στεφανοῦνται. Ἀλλὰ πρότερον τίθησι τὸ αὐτῶν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ σφόδρα ἐπιθυμεῖ τις τὴν ἐκδικίαν, ἀλλὰ πρότερον τῶν ἐπάθλων ὀρέγεται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων· Εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὑπὲρ ἧς καὶ πάσχετε. Οὐκ ἄρα οὖν ἀπὸ τοῦ δυνατωτέρους εἶναι τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας τοῦτο γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ δεῖν οὕτως εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν εἰσιέναι. ∆ιὰ πολλῶν γὰρ θλίψεων, φησὶ, δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ. Εἴπερ δίκαιον παρὰ Θεῷ ἀνταποδοῦναι τοῖς θλίβουσιν ὑμᾶς θλῖψιν, καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς θλιβομένοις ἄνεσιν μεθ' ἡμῶν, ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ μετ' ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ. Τὸ, εἴπερ, ἐνταῦθα ἀντὶ τοῦ, ἐπεὶ, κεῖται· ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῶν σφόδρα ὁμολογουμένων καὶ ἡμεῖς τίθεμεν καὶ ἀναντιῤῥήτων· ἀντὶ τοῦ, σφόδρα δίκαιον. Εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστι, φησὶ, παρὰ Θεῷ τούτους ἀμύνασθαι, πάντως ἀμυνεῖται· ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν· εἰ μέλει τῷ Θεῷ τῶν πραγμάτων, εἰ φροντίζει ὁ Θεός. Οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς τίθησι τὸ εἴπερ τοῦτο, ὡς ἐπὶ ὡμολογημένων· ὡς εἰ ἔλεγέ τις· εἰ μισεῖ τοὺς πονηροὺς ὁ Θεός· διὰ τοῦτο λέγων οὕτως, ἵνα ἐκείνους ἀναγκάσῃ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι μισεῖ· μάλιστα γὰρ αἱ τοιαῦται ψῆφοι ἀναμφίλεκτοί εἰσιν· ὡς καὶ αὐτῶν ἐκείνων εἰδότων, ὅτι δίκαιόν ἐστιν. Εἰ γὰρ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις τοῦτο δίκαιον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ. Ἀνταποδοῦναι, φησὶ, τοῖς θλίβουσιν ὑμᾶς θλῖψιν, καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς θλιβομένοις μεθ' ἡμῶν ἄνεσιν. γʹ. Τί οὖν; ἴση ἡ ἀνταπόδοσις; Οὐδαμῶς· ἀλλ' ὅρα διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς πῶς δείκνυσι σφοδροτέραν οὖσαν, καὶ τὴν ἄνεσιν πολλῷ μείζονα. Ἰδοὺ καὶ ἑτέρα παράκλη 62.476 σις· τοὺς κοινωνοὺς γὰρ τῶν θλίψεων καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀνταποδόσει κοινωνοὺς ἔχειν φησί (τοῦτο