of those who say there is providence; for it is not our present purpose to examine the sayings of those who entirely deny God or providence); "God" knows "all things before their generation," and nothing comes to be known by Him for the first time from its present existence when it exists, as if it were not known before this; what need, then, is there to offer up a prayer to one who knows what we need even before we pray? "For the heavenly Father knows what" we have "need of before" we "ask him." And it is reasonable that He, being Father and Creator of the universe, loving "all existing things" and abomina<ting> no one of what he has made, should manage the affairs of each one for their salvation even without prayer, in the manner of a father presiding over infants and not waiting for their request, since they are either completely unable to ask or, through ignorance, often want to receive things contrary to what is beneficial and advantageous. And we humans fall more short of God than very young children do of the mind of their parents. 5.3 It is likely <that> for God things to come have not only been foreknown but also pre-ordained, and that nothing happens to him contrary to what has been pre-ordained. Just as, therefore, if someone were to pray for the sun to rise, he would be thought a fool, for demanding that what would happen even without his prayer should come to be through prayer; so would a man be foolish, who thinks that through his own prayer things happen that would in any case have happened even if he had not prayed. And again, just as he surpasses all madness who, because he is troubled by the sun when it is at the summer solstice and is being scorched, thinks that through prayer the sun will move to the spring signs, so that he may enjoy a temperate air; so if anyone were to think that he would not suffer the circumstances that necessarily happen to the human race because he prays, he would surpass all melancholy. 5.4 But if also "sinners are estranged from the womb," and the righteous man is set apart "from his mother's belly," <and> "though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad, in order that God's purpose of election might continue, not because of works but because of him who calls," it is said: "the older will serve the younger," in vain do we ask for the remission of sins or to receive a spirit of strength, so that we may "be able to do all things" through Christ who strengthens us. For if we are "sinners," we are estranged "from the womb"; and if we have been set apart "from our mother's belly," the best things will befall us even without our praying. For what prayer did Jacob offer, before he was born, that it was prophesied that he would "be superior" to Esau, and that his brother would "serve" him? And what impious act did "Esau" commit that he is hated before he was born? To what end does Moses pray, as is found in the eighty-ninth psalm, if God is his "refuge" "before the mountains were settled and the earth and the world were formed?" ..................................... ................................................. .............. 5.5 But also concerning all who will be saved, it is written in the letter to the Ephesians that the Father "chose" them "in him," "in Christ," "before the foundation of the world, that" they "should be holy and blameless before him, having predestined" them "in love for adoption as sons through Christ to himself." Therefore, either one is chosen from those "before the foundation of the world," and it is impossible for him to fall from the election, for which reason there is no need of prayer for him; or he is not chosen nor predestined, and he prays in vain, even if he should pray ten thousand times, not to be heard. For "those whom" God "foreknew," them "he also predestined to be conformed to the image" "of the glory" "of his Son." "And those whom he predestined, them he also called; and those whom he called, them he also justified; and those whom he justified, them he also glorified." For why does Josiah labor, or why, praying, is he concerned about whether he will ever be heard or not, having been prophesied by name many generations before and not only foreknown concerning what he would do but also foretold for many to hear? To what end does Judas also pray, so that his prayer becomes "sin," having been proclaimed from the time of David as one who would lose "his office," with another taking it in his place? And this immediately shows, of the unchangeable
πρόνοιαν εἶναι λεγόντων· οὐ γὰρ πρόκειται νῦν ἐξετάζειν τὰ λεγόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν πάντῃ ἀναι ρούντων θεὸν ἢ πρόνοιαν)· «ὁ θεὸς» οἶδε «τὰ πάντα πρὸ γενέσεως αὐτῶν,» καὶ οὐδὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἐνεστηκέναι ὅτε ἐνέστηκε πρῶτον αὐτῷ γινώσκεται ὡς πρὸ τούτου μὴ γνωσθέν· τίς οὖν χρεία ἀναπέμ πεσθαι εὐχὴν τῷ καὶ πρὶν εὔξασθαι ἐπισταμένῳ ὧν χρῄζομεν; «οἶδε γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος ὧν χρείαν» ἔχομεν «πρὸ τοῦ» ἡμᾶς «αἰτῆσαι αὐτόν.» εὔλογον δὲ πατέρα καὶ δημιουργὸν αὐτὸν ὄντα τοῦ παν τὸς, ἀγαπῶντα «τὰ ὄντα πάντα» καὶ μη<δὲν> βδελυσσόμενον ὧν πεποίηκε, σωτηρίως τὰ περὶ ἕκαστον καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ εὔξασθαι οἰκο νομεῖν δίκην πατέρος, νηπίων προϊσταμένου καὶ μὴ περιμένοντος ἐκείνων τὴν ἀξίωσιν, ἤτοι μηδ' ὅλως δυναμένων αἰτεῖν ἢ διὰ ἄγνοιαν πολλάκις τὰ ἐναντία τοῖς συμφέρουσι καὶ λυσιτελοῦσι θελόντων λα βεῖν. ἀπολειπόμεθα δὲ οἱ ἄνθρωποι πλεῖον τοῦ θεοῦ ἤπερ τὰ κο μιδῇ παιδία τοῦ νοῦ τῶν γεγεννηκότων. 5.3 εἰκὸς <δὲ> τῷ θεῷ οὐ μόνον προεγνῶσθαι τὰ ἐσόμενα ἀλλὰ καὶ προδιατετάχθαι, καὶ μηδὲν αὐτῷ παρὰ τὰ προδιατεταγμένα γί νεσθαι. ὥσπερ οὖν εἴ τις εὔχοιτο ἀνατέλλειν τὸν ἥλιον, ἠλίθιος ἂν νομίζοιτο, τὸ καὶ χωρὶς τῆς εὐχῆς αὐτοῦ ἐσόμενον διὰ τῆς εὐχῆς γενέσθαι ἀξιῶν· οὕτως ἀνόητος ἂν εἴη ἄνθρωπος, ὅστις οἴεται διὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ εὐχὴν γίνεσθαι τὰ καὶ μὴ εὐξαμένου αὐτοῦ πάντως ἐσόμενα ἄν. πάλιν τε αὖ ὥσπερ πᾶσαν μανίαν ὑπερβάλλει ὁ διὰ τὸ ἐνοχλεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου γενομένου ἐν θεριναῖς τροπαῖς καὶ καυσοῦσθαι οἰόμενος διὰ τῆς εὐχῆς μεταστήσεσθαι τὸν ἥλιον ἐπὶ τὰ ἐαρινὰ σημεῖα, ἵνα εὐκράτου ἀπολαύῃ τοῦ ἀέρος· οὕτως τὰ ἀναγκαίως συμβαίνοντα περιστατικὰ τῷ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένει εἴ τις οἴοιτο διὰ τὸ εὔχεσθαι μὴ πείσεσθαι, πᾶσαν <ἂν> ὑπερβάλοι με λαγχολίαν. 5.4 εἰ δὲ καὶ «ἠλλοτριώθησαν ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀπὸ μήτρας,» καὶ ἀφώ ρισται ὁ δίκαιος «ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς,» <καὶ> «μήπω μήτε γεννηθέν των μήτε πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον, ἵνα ἡ κατ' ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις τοῦ θεοῦ μένῃ, οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ καλοῦντος,» λέ γεται· «ὁ μείζων δουλεύσει τῷ ἐλάττονι,» μάτην περὶ ἀφέσεως ἁμαρτημάτων ἀξιοῦμεν ἢ περὶ τοῦ πνεῦμα ἰσχύος λαβεῖν, ἵνα «πάντα» ἰσχύσωμεν ἐνδυναμοῦντος ἡμᾶς Χριστοῦ. εἰ μὲν γὰρ «ἁμαρτωλοί» ἐσμεν, «ἀπὸ μήτρας» ἠλλοτριώμεθα· εἰ δὲ ἀφωρίσθημεν «ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς» ἡμῶν, τὰ κάλλιστα καὶ μὴ εὐχομένοις ἀπαντήσεται. ποίαν γὰρ εὐχὴν προσαγαγὼν Ἰακὼβ, πρὶν γεννηθῆναι, προφητεύεται ὅτι «ὑπερέξει» τοῦ Ἠσαῦ, καὶ «δουλεύσει» αὐτῷ ὁ ἀδελφός; τί δὲ ἀσε βήσας ὁ «Ἠσαῦ» μισεῖται πρὶν γεννηθῆναι; ἵνα τί δὲ εὔχεται Μωϋσῆς, ὡς ἐν ὀγδοηκοστῷ ἐνάτῳ εὕρηται ψαλμῷ, εἰ «καταφυγὴ» αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς «πρὸ τοῦ ὄρη ἑδρασθῆναι καὶ πλασθῆναι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην;» ..................................... ................................................. .............. 5.5 ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ πάντων τῶν σωθησομένων ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἐφε σίους ἀναγέγραπται ὅτι «ἐξελέξατο» αὐτοὺς «ἐν αὐτῷ,» «ἐν Χριστῷ» ὁ πατὴρ «πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου εἰς τὸ εἶναι» αὐτοὺς «ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους κατ' ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, ἐν ἀγάπῃ προορίσας» αὐτοὺς «εἰς υἱο θεσίαν διὰ Χριστοῦ εἰς αὐτόν.» ἤτοι οὖν τις ἐκ τῶν «πρὸ κατα βολῆς κόσμου» ἐστὶν ἐξειλεγμένος, καὶ ἀμήχανον αὐτὸν τῆς ἐκλογῆς ἐκπεσεῖν, διόπερ οὐ χρεία τούτῳ εὐχῆς· ἢ οὐκ ἐξείλεκται οὐδὲ προώρισται, καὶ μάτην εὔχεται, κἂν μυριάκις εὔξηται, οὐκ ἐπα κουσθησόμενος. «οὓς» γὰρ «προέγνω» ὁ θεὸς, τούτους «καὶ προώ ρισε συμμόρφους τῆς εἰκόνος» «τῆς δόξης» «τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.» «οὓς δὲ προώρισε, τούτους καὶ ἐκάλεσε· καὶ οὓς ἐκάλεσε, τούτους καὶ ἐδικαίωσεν· οὓς δὲ ἐδικαίωσε, τούτους καὶ ἐδόξασε.» τί γὰρ κάμνει Ἰωσίας ἢ διὰ τί εὐχόμενος πεφρόντικε περὶ τοῦ πότερόν ποτε εἰσα κουσθήσεται ἢ μὴ, πρὸ πολλῶν γενεῶν ὀνομαστὶ προφητευθεὶς καὶ περὶ τοῦ ὅ τι ποτὲ πράξει οὐ μόνον προγνωσθεὶς ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς ἐπήκοον πολλῶν προῤῥηθείς; ἵνα τί δὲ καὶ Ἰούδας προσεύχεται, ὥστε καὶ τὴν προσευχὴν αὐτοῦ γενηθῆναι «εἰς ἁμαρτίαν,» ἀπὸ τῶν ∆αυῒδ χρόνων προκηρυχθεὶς ὡς ἀπολέσων «τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν,» ἑτέρου ληψομένου ἀντ' αὐτοῦ αὐτήν; αὐτόθεν δὲ ἀπεμφαίνει, ἀτρέπτου