Chapter V.—As God is the Author of Patience So the Devil is of Impatience.

Nevertheless, the proceeding36    “Procedere:” so Oehler, who, however, notices an ingenious conjecture of Jos. Scaliger—“procudere,” the hammering out, or forging. of a discussion on the necessaries of faith is not idle, because it is not unfruitful. In edification no loquacity is base, if it be base at any time.37    Tertullian may perhaps wish to imply, in prayer. See Matt. vi. 7. And so, if the discourse be concerning some particular good, the subject requires us to review also the contrary of that good. For you will throw more light on what is to be pursued, if you first give a digest of what is to be avoided.

Let us therefore consider, concerning Impatience, whether just as patience in God, so its adversary quality have been born and detected in our adversary, that from this consideration may appear how primarily adverse it is to faith. For that which has been conceived by God’s rival, of course is not friendly to God’s things. The discord of things is the same as the discord of their authors. Further, since God is best, the devil on the contrary worst, of beings, by their own very diversity they testify that neither works for38    Facere. But Fulv. Ursinus (as Oehler tells us) has suggested a neat emendation—“favere,” favours. the other; so that anything of good can no more seem to be effected for us by the Evil One, than anything of evil by the Good. Therefore I detect the nativity of impatience in the devil himself, at that very time when he impatiently bore that the Lord God subjected the universal works which He had made to His own image, that is, to man.39    See Ps. viii. 4–6. For if he had endured (that), he would not have grieved; nor would he have envied man if he had not grieved. Accordingly he deceived him, because he had envied him; but he had envied because he had grieved: he had grieved because, of course, he had not patiently borne. What that angel of perdition40    Compare the expression in de Idol. iv., “perdition of blood” ="bloody perdition,” and the note there.  So here “angel of perdition” may ="lost angel.” first was—malicious or impatient—I scorn to inquire: since manifest it is that either impatience took its rise together with malice, or else malice from impatience; that subsequently they conspired between themselves; and that they grew up indivisible in one paternal bosom. But, however, having been instructed, by his own experiment, what an aid unto sinning was that which he had been the first to feel, and by means of which he had entered on his course of delinquency, he called the same to his assistance for the thrusting of man into crime. The woman,41    Mulier. See de Orat. c. xxii. immediately on being met by him—I may say so without rashness—was, through his very speech with her, breathed on by a spirit infected with impatience: so certain is it that she would never have sinned at all, if she had honoured the divine edict by maintaining her patience to the end. What (of the fact) that she endured not to have been met alone; but in the presence of Adam, not yet her husband, not yet bound to lend her his ears,42    1 Cor. vii. 3; compare also 1 Pet. iii. 7. she is impatient of keeping silence, and makes him the transmitter of that which she had imbibed from the Evil One?  Therefore another human being, too, perishes through the impatience of the one; presently, too, perishes of himself, through his own impatience committed in each respect, both in regard of God’s premonition and in regard of the devil’s cheatery; not enduring to observe the former nor to refute the latter. Hence, whence (the origin) of delinquency, arose the first origin of judgment; hence, whence man was induced to offend, God began to be wroth. Whence (came) the first indignation in God, thence (came) His first patience; who, content at that time with malediction only, refrained in the devil’s case from the instant infliction43    Impetu. of punishment. Else what crime, before this guilt of impatience, is imputed to man?  Innocent he was, and in intimate friendship with God, and the husbandman44    Colonus. Gen. ii. 15. of paradise. But when once he succumbed to impatience, he quite ceased to be of sweet savour45    Sapere. See de Idol. c. i. sub fin. to God; he quite ceased to be able to endure things celestial. Thenceforward, a creature46    Homo. given to earth, and ejected from the sight of God, he begins to be easily turned by impatience unto every use offensive to God. For straightway that impatience conceived of the devil’s seed, produced, in the fecundity of malice, anger as her son; and when brought forth, trained him in her own arts. For that very thing which had immersed Adam and Eve in death, taught their son, too, to begin with murder. It would be idle for me to ascribe this to impatience, if Cain, that first homicide and first fratricide, had borne with equanimity and not impatiently the refusal by the Lord of his own oblations—if he is not wroth with his own brother—if, finally, he took away no one’s life. Since, then, he could neither have killed unless he had been wroth, nor have been wroth unless he had been impatient, he demonstrates that what he did through wrath must be referred to that by which wrath was suggested during this cradle-time of impatience, then (in a certain sense) in her infancy.  But how great presently were her augmentations! And no wonder, If she has been the first delinquent, it is a consequence that, because she has been the first, therefore she is the only parent stem,47    Matrix. Mr. Dodgson renders womb, which is admissible; but the other passages quoted by Oehler, where Tertullian uses this word, seem to suit better with the rendering given in the text. too, to every delinquency, pouring down from her own fount various veins of crimes.48    Compare a similar expression in de Idol. ii. ad init. Of murder we have spoken; but, being from the very beginning the outcome of anger,49    Which Tertullian has just shown to be the result of impatience. whatever causes besides it shortly found for itself it lays collectively on the account of impatience, as to its own origin.  For whether from private enmities, or for the sake of prey, any one perpetrates that wickedness,50    i.e. murder. the earlier step is his becoming impatient of51    i.e. unable to restrain. either the hatred or the avarice.  Whatever compels a man, it is not possible that without impatience of itself it can be perfected in deed. Who ever committed adultery without impatience of lust? Moreover, if in females the sale of their modesty is forced by the price, of course it is by impatience of contemning gain52    i.e. want of power or patience to contemn gain. that this sale is regulated.53    “Ordinatur;” but “orditur” has been very plausibly conjectured. These (I mention) as the principal delinquencies in the sight of the Lord,54    Mr. Dodgson refers to ad Uxor. i. 5, q. v. sub fin. for, to speak compendiously, every sin is ascribable to impatience. “Evil” is “impatience of good.” None immodest is not impatient of modesty; dishonest of honesty; impious of piety;55    Or, “unduteous of duteousness.”unquiet of quietness. In order that each individual may become evil he will be unable to persevere56    i.e. impatient. in being good. How, therefore, can such a hydra of delinquencies fail to offend the Lord, the Disapprover of evils? Is it not manifest that it was through impatience that Israel himself also always failed in his duty toward God, from that time when,57    I have departed slightly here from Oehler’s punctuation. forgetful of the heavenly arm whereby he had been drawn out of his Egyptian affliction, he demands from Aaron “gods58    Ex. xxxii. 1; Acts vii. 39, 40. as his guides;” when he pours down for an idol the contributions of his gold: for the so necessary delays of Moses, while he met with God, he had borne with impatience. After the edible rain of the manna, after the watery following59    i.e. the water which followed them, after being given forth by the smitten rock. See 1 Cor. x. 4. of the rock, they despair of the Lord in not enduring a three-days’ thirst;60    See Num. xx. 1–6. But Tertullian has apparently confused this with Ex. xv. 22, which seems to be the only place where “a three-days’ thirst” is mentioned. for this also is laid to their charge by the Lord as impatience. And—not to rove through individual cases—there was no instance in which it was not by failing in duty through impatience that they perished. How, moreover, did they lay hands on the prophets, except through impatience of hearing them? on the Lord moreover Himself, through impatience likewise of seeing Him? But had they entered the path of patience, they would have been set free.61    Free, i.e. from the bondage of impatience and of sin.

CAPUT V.

Verumtamen procedere disputationem de necessariis fidei non est otiosum, quia nec infructuosum. Loquacitas in aedificatione nulla turpis, si quando turpis. Itaque si de aliquo bono sermo est, res postulat, contrarium quoque boni recensere. Quid enim sectandum sit, magis inluminabis , si quod vitandum sit proinde digesseris. Consideremus igitur de impatientia: an sicut patientia in Deo, ita adversaria ejus in adversario nostro nata atque comperta sit; ut ex 1256B isto appareat, quam principaliter fidei adversetur. Nam quod ab aemulo Dei conceptum est, utique non est amicum Dei rebus. Eadem discordia est rerum, quae et auctorum. Porro cum Deus optimus, diabolus e contrario pessimus; ipsa sui diversitate testantur, neutrum alteri facere , ut nobis non magis a malo aliquid boni, quam a bono aliquid mali dictum videri possit. Igitur natales impatientiae in ipso diabolo deprehendo, jam tunc cum Dominum Deum universa opera quae fecisset, imagini suae, id est homini subjecisse impatienter tulit (Genes., III). Nec enim doluisset, si sustinuisset; nec invidisset homini, si non doluisset. Adeo decepit eum, quia inviderat 1257A autem, quia doluerat. Doluerat, quia patienter utique non tulerat. Quid primum fuerit ille angelus perditionis, malus an impatiens, contemno quaerere; palam cum sit, impatientiam cum malitia, aut malitiam ab impatientia auspicatam, deinde inter se conspirasse, et individuas in uno patris sinu adolevisse. Atenim quam primus senserat, per quam delinquere intraverat , de suo experimento quid ad peccandum adjuvaret structus eamdem impingendo in crimen homini advocavit: conventa statim illi mulier, non temere dixerim per colloquium ipsum ejus afflata est spiritu impatientia infecto, usque adeo nunquam omnino peccasset, si in divino interdicto patientiam perservasset . Quid quod non sustinuit sola conventa; sed apud Adam nondum maritum, 1257B nondum aures sibi debentem impatiens etiam tacendi est, ac traducem illum ejus, quod a malo hauserat, facit . Perit igitur et alius homo, per impatientiam alterius; perit mox et ipse per impatientiam suam utrobique commissam; et circa Dei praemonitionem, et circa diaboli circumscriptionem , illam servare, hanc refutare non sustinens. Hinc prima judicii, unde delicti origo: hinc Deus irasci exorsus, unde offendere homo inductus. Inde in Deo prima patientia, unde indignatio prima. Qui tunc maledictione sola contentus, ab animadversionis impetu in diabolo temperavit. Aut quod crimen ante istud impatientiae admissum homini imputatur? Innocens erat, et Deo de proximo amicus, et Paradisi colonus. At ubi semel succidit impatientiae desivit Deo sapere, 1257C desivit coelestia sustinere posse. Exinde homo terrae datus, et ab oculis Dei ejectus, facile usurpari ab impatientia coepit in omne quod Deum offenderet. 1258A Nam statim illa semine diaboli concepta, malitiae foecunditate, iram filium procreavit, editum suis artibus erudiit . Quod enim ipsum Adam et Evam morti immerserat, docuit et filium ab homicidio incipere (Gen., IV). Frustra istud impatientiae adscripserim, si Cain ille primus homicida, et primus fratricida, oblationes suas a Domino recusatas aequanimiter nec impatienter tulit, si iratus fratri suo non est, si neminem denique interemit. Cum ergo, nec occidere potuerit, nisi iratus; nec irasci, nisi impatiens: demonstrat quod per iram gessit ad eam referendum, a qua ira suggesta est. Et haec quidem impatientiae tunc infantis quodammodo incunabula. Caeterum quanta mox incrementa, nec mirum. Nam, si prima deliquit, consequens est, ut quia prima, 1258B idcirco et sola sit matrix in omne delictum, defundens de suo fonte varias criminum venas. De homicidio quidem dictum est. Sed ira editum a primordio, etiam quascumque postmodum causas sibi invenit, ad impatientiam ut ad originem sui confert. Sive enim quis inimicitiis, sive praedae gratia id scelus conficit, prius est ut aut odii aut avaritiae fiat impatiens. Quicquid compellit, sine impatientia sui non est ut perfici possit. Quis adulterium sine libidinis impatientia subiit? Quod et si pretio in foeminis cogitur venditio illa pudicitiae, utique impatientia contemnendi lucri ordinatur. Haec, ut principilia penes Dominum delicta. Nam ut compendio dictum sit, omne peccatum impatientiae adscribendum. Malum impatientia est boni. Nemo impudicus non impatiens 1258C pudicitiae, et improbus probitatis, et impius pietatis et inquietus quietis. Ut malus unusquisque fiat, bonus perseverare non poterit. Talis igitur excetra 1259A delictorum, cur non Dominum offendat improbatorem malorum? Annon ipsum quoque Israel per impatientiam semper in Deum deliquisse manifestum est, exinde cum oblitus brachii coelestis, quo aegyptiis afflictationibus fuerat extractus, de Aaron sibi deos duces postulat, cum in idolum auri sui collationes defundit (Exod., XVII)? tam necessarias enim Moysis cum Domino congredientis impatienter exceperat moras . Post mannae escatilem pluviam , post petrae aquatilem sequelam desperant de Domino, tridui sitim non sustinendo. Nam haec quoque illis impatientia a Domino exprobatur. Ac ne singula pervagemur, nunquam non per impatientiam delinquendo perierunt. Quomodo autem prophetis manus intulerunt, nisi per impatientiam audiendi (Act., VIII, Sap. II)? Domino autem ipsi, per impatientiam 1259B videndi . Quod si patientiam inissent, liberarentur.