and easy to comprehend is the mystery concerning Christ. But God did not lead the Jews to this immediately, but through the long law and the many riddles, as through a certain long road, He guided them towards this; lest, assailed by thoughts of the excess, they turn back again to the Egyptian impiety, but so that by practicing from afar in the shadow of the truth, and being trained at the proper time, they might easily come to perfection. Philistim, then, is interpreted as "the wonderful," and the wonderful way is the short one, such as is that of the divine Gospel. And God led them, by day in a pillar of cloud, to show them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire. The pillar of truth is God, drawing from earth to heaven. And night is the time before the incarnation of the Lord; on account of the darkness of error, and the prevailing gloom of the passions; but day is that of His advent, in which the Sun of righteousness Himself arose, illuminating and making bright the souls of the believers. Therefore, He guided the Jews by the punishing law; for fire is a symbol of punishment. But He guides Christians by the salvation through holy baptism. For the cloud is water and a symbol of the divine water of baptism. For it is not 77.1193 possible to arrive at the city which is above and holy, unless Christ guides and shows the way of salvation. And the pillar of the cloud was taken up from before their face, and stood behind them, and went in between the camp of the Egyptians, and between the camp of the sons of Israel, and they did not come together all the night. For when it was night, that is, a time bringing cowardice upon the pious, the power of the Lord stands between them and those who pursue them, visible or invisible enemies; not allowing them to clash until the fear should pass. Or the word is also concerning those just now being instructed in the word of piety, with whom, since they are still weak, it prevents the enemies from engaging. But after which, just as through the sea, they might come through the divine baptism, it allows them to fight, having put aside their cowardice. For after crossing the Red Sea, the Israelites became most warlike and hard to conquer. The thirst that came upon the Israelites in the desert was a type of the labors in ascetic practice, and a prelude of training. For see, that in the beginning the war of enemies did not assail them; for they had not yet been trained for excellence. For this reason they are first tried by the labors of the flesh. And this also looks to that: No temptation has overtaken you except what is human. By a tree the bitter water of Marah was made sweet. For in Christ the tree of life, bitter things are made sweet; and the unbearable become bearable. Just as the Israelites, remembering the meats, desired to be in Egypt, and to be enslaved again so as to be filled with them, so also among us, harsh pleasures of the passions often persuade the more foolish to consider the slavery of the devil bearable, for the sake of enjoying them. And God allows these things to those who are incontinent. For the partaking of the quail illustrates this. But just as for those who preferred the meat to the manna, the eating ended in cholera; so also for those who prefer earthly luxury to heavenly, and carnal pleasure to spiritual, the partaking will end in the destruction of the soul. Concerning the manna. The manna came down in the morning, prefiguring Christ, who is the heavenly bread feeding the souls of the hungry; who also visited as the rising of the sun those sitting in darkness; but the quail towards evening, signifying the animal sacrifice of the legal worship, which was performed in shadows and faint traces of the truth, and was about to receive an end. For evening is the end of the day. He having commanded
καὶ εὐσύνοπτον τὸ περὶ Χριστοῦ μυστήριον. Οὐκ εὐθὺς δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ὁ Θεὸς ἤγαγε, διὰ δὲ τοῦ μακροῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν πολλῶν αἰνιγμάτων, ὡς διὰ μακρᾶς τινος ὁδοῦ, τούτους ὡδήγει πρὸς τοῦτο· μήποτε πολεμηθέντες τοῖς λογισμοῖς τῆς ὑπερβολῆς, ἀποστρέψωσι πάλιν εἰς τὴν Αἰγυπτιακὴν ἀσέβειαν, ἀλλ' ἵνα πόῤῥωθεν ἐμμελετῶντες τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς ἀληθείας, καὶ γυμναζόμενοι κατὰ τὸν πρέποντα καιρὸν, εὐμαρῶς ἐπὶ τὸ τέλειον ἔλθοιεν. Φυλιστιεὶμ μὲν οὖν ἡ θαυμαστὴ ἑρμηνεύεται, ὁδὸς δὲ θαυμαστὴ ἡ σύντομος, ὁποία ἐστὶν ἡ τοῦ θείου Εὐαγγελίου. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἡγεῖτο αὐτῶν, ἡμέρας μὲν ἐν στύλῳ νεφέλης, δεῖξαι αὐτοῖς τὴν ὁδόν· τὴν δὲ νύκτα ἐν στύλῳ πυρός. Στύλος ἐστὶ τῆς ἀληθείας, ὁ Θεὸς ἀπὸ γῆς ἕλκων εἰς οὐρανόν. Καὶ νὺξ μὲν ὁ πρὸ τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως τοῦ Κυρίου καιρός· διὰ τὸν σκότον τῆς πλάνης, καὶ τὸν ἐπιπολάζοντα ζόφον τῶν παθῶν· ἡμέρα δὲ ὁ τῆς ἐπιδημίας αὐτοῦ, καθ' ὃν ἀνέτειλεν αὐτὸς ὁ ἥλιος τῆς δικαιοσύνης, φωτίζων καὶ λαμπρύνων τὰς τῶν πιστευόντων ψυχάς. Λοιπὸν οὖν μὲν Ἰουδαίους ὡδήγει τῷ κολάζοντι νόμῳ· κολάσεως γὰρ σύμβολον τὸ πῦρ. Τοὺς Χριστιανοὺς δὲ ὁδηγεῖ τῇ διὰ τοῦ ἁγίου βαπτίσματος σωτηρίᾳ. Ὕδωρ γὰρ ἡ νεφέλη καὶ σύμβολον τοῦ θείου ὕδατος τοῦ βαπτίσματος. Οὐ γὰρ 77.1193 ἔστιν εἰς τὴν ἄνω τε καὶ ἁγίαν ἀφικέσθαι πόλιν, μὴ καθοδηγουμένου Χριστοῦ, καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς σωτηρίας ὑποδεικνύοντος. Ἐξῆρε δὲ καὶ ὁ στύλος τῆς νεφέλης ἀπὸ προσ ώπου αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔστη ἐκ τῶν ὀπίσω αὐτῶν, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ οὐ συνέμιξαν ἀλλήλοις ὅλην τὴν νύκτα. Νυκτὸς γὰρ οὔσης, ἤτοι καιροῦ δειλίαν τοῖς εὐσεβέσιν ἐπάγοντος, ἵσταται μέσον αὐτῶν τε καὶ τῶν καταδιωκόντων αὐτοὺς, ὁρατῶν ἢ ἀοράτων ἐχθρῶν, ἡ τοῦ Κυρίου δύναμις· οὐκ ἐῶσα συῤῥήγνυσθαι μέχρις ἂν ὁ φόβος παρέλθῃ. Ἢ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄρτι κατηχουμένων τὸν τῆς εὐσεβείας λόγον ὁ λόγος, οἷς ἀσθενέσιν οὖσιν ἔτι συμπλέκεσθαι κωλύει τοὺς πολεμίους. Μεθ' ὃ δὲ καθάπερ διὰ θαλάσσης, διὰ τοῦ θείου βαπτίσματος ἔλθοιεν, ἀφίησι μάχεσθαι, τὴν δειλίαν ἀποθεμένους. Τὴν γὰρ Ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν διαβάντες οἱ Ἰσραηλῖται, μαχιμώτατοι καὶ δυσκαταγώνιστοι γεγόνασιν. Ἡ προσγενομένη δίψα τοῖς Ἰσραηλίταις κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον τύπος ἦν τῶν ἐν ἀσκήσει πόνων, καὶ γυμνασίας προοίμιον. Ὅρα γὰρ, ὅτι οὐκ ἐν ἀρχῇ προσέβαλεν αὐτοῖς πόλεμος ἐχθρῶν· οὔπω γὰρ ἐγυμνάσθησαν εἰς τὸ ἀριστεύειν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο τοῖς τῆς σαρκὸς πρότερον δοκιμάζονται πόνοις. Εἰς τοῦτο δὲ βλέπει καὶ τό· Πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὔπω κατέλαβεν, εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος. Ξύλῳ κατεγλυκάνθη τὸ τῆς Μερᾶς πικρὸν ὕδωρ. Ἐν Χριστῷ γὰρ τῷ τῆς ζωῆς ξύλῳ καταγλυκαίνονται μὲν τὰ πικρά· φορητὰ δὲ τὰ δύσοιστα γίνονται. Ὥσπερ οἱ Ἰσραηλῖται τῶν κρεῶν ὑπομνησθέντες ἐπεθύμησαν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ γενέσθαι, καὶ δουλεύειν πάλιν ὥστε ἐμπλησθῆναι αὐτῶν, οὕτω καὶ τοὺς ἀνοητοτέρους ἐν ἡμῖν δριμεῖαι πολλάκις ἀναπείθουσιν ἡδοναὶ παθῶν, φορητὴν ἡγεῖσθαι τὴν τοῦ διαβόλου δουλείαν, ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἀπολαύειν αὐτῶν. Ἐφίησι δὲ τούτοις ὁ Θεὸς, ἀκαθέκτως ἔχουσι. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ τῆς ὀρτυγομήτρας εἰκονίζει μετάληψις. Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἐκείνοις προτιμήσασι τοῦ μάννα τὸ κρέας εἰς χολέραν κατέληξεν ἡ βρῶσις· οὕτω καὶ τούτοις προτιμῶσι τῆς οὐρανίου τρυφῆς τὴν γεηρὰν, καὶ τῆς πνευματικῆς ἡδονῆς τὴν σαρκικὴν, εἰς ψυχικὸν ὄλεθρον ἡ μετάληψις καταλήξει. Περὶ τοῦ μάννα. Τὸ μὲν μάννα πρωῒ κατήρχετο, προτυποῦν τὸν Χριστὸν, ὅς ἐστιν οὐράνιος ἄρτος τρέφων τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν πινῶν· ὃς καὶ ἀνατολὴ ἡλίου τοῖς ἐν σκότει καθημένοις ἐπιδεδήμηκεν· ἡ δὲ ὀρτυγομήτρα πρὸς ἐσπέραν, δηλοῦσα τῆς νομικῆς λατρείας τὴν ζωοθυσίαν, ἥτις ἐν σκιαῖς τε καὶ ἀμυδροῖς ἴχνεσι τῆς ἀληθείας ἐπετελεῖτο, καὶ πέρας ἔμελλε δέξασθαι. Πέρας γὰρ τῆς ἡμέρας ἡ ἑσπέρα. Ἐντειλάμενος ὁ