GREGORY PALAMAS' TWO APODEICTIC TREATISES CONCERNING THE PROCESSION OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
mind, and that the Spirit proceeds from another because of your ignorance concerning 'alone'?
It is said and not from Him, but with Him, begotten from the Father, and the Spirit proceeds.
Holy Spirit. But those who connect or make pretexts first refute each,
Sixth Inscription. Since there are some who say that 'proceeds' and 'is poured forth' and
EPISTLE 1 TO AKINDYNOS (p. 398)
of the Father", is it not understood by necessity? When it has been said so many times, therefore, concerning the Son that He is from the Father, and nowhere is "alone" added, you yourself everywhere understand this implicitly, and you are not displeased with those who everywhere understand this implicitly. Rather, you would be most displeased with those who do not understand this and would accuse them as impious or even ungodly. But when hearing concerning the Holy Spirit "from the Father," then what has happened to you that you do not understand what is implicitly necessary, but have even turned aside to the contrary opinion, that which you would have justly accused those who think wrongly concerning the Son, this you yourself have unjustly suffered regarding the Spirit, from absolutely no pretext that would cause this impiety?
For not only because it is said that the Spirit is from the Father, (p. 94) just as the God Logos before the ages is from the Father, is He understood by necessity to proceed from the Father alone, but also since according to the wise martyr of the truth, Justin, "as the Son is from the Father, so also is the Holy Spirit from the Father, except in the mode of His existence; for the one shone forth from light by generation, but the other, though light from light itself, came forth not by generation, but by procession." If the Son is immediately from the Father, the Spirit too is immediately from the Father; and if the Son is not also from the Spirit, the Spirit too is not also from the Son; and if the Son is from the Father alone, the Spirit too is from the Father alone. For since the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father, as the Son is begotten of the Father, and that which proceeds as the Son is begotten of the Father, proceeds from the Father alone, therefore the Holy Spirit comes forth by procession from God the Father alone.
These things, therefore, are both said similarly and are, both together and each one separately, providing to us the causal proof of the truth through their being similar, and evidentiary through their being similarly spoken of; for it is not because the Son and the Spirit are together from eternity that we will not know the things of the Spirit from the Son, but because the things of the Son are more knowable to us, from these more knowable things we will also demonstrate the Spirit. Besides, it has been demonstrated that the Spirit exists from the Father alone not simply from the Son, but from the Spirit's being from the Father as the Son is.
And indeed according to the divine Paul, the Holy Spirit is called the Spirit and mind of Christ, just as Basil the Great says in his writings against the Eunomians concerning the Spirit: "The Apostle clearly proclaimed the Spirit to be from God, saying, 'we have received the Spirit which is of God'; and he made it clear that He is manifested through the Son (p. 96) by naming Him the Spirit of the Son, just as of God, and calling Him the mind of Christ, just as the Spirit of God, like that of man."
Just as, therefore, each one of men has his own mind, and the mind of each of these is his own, but not from him, but from whence he himself is, so then the own mind of each is not from him, except perhaps according to energy, so also the divine Spirit, naturally subsisting in Christ as God, is both His Spirit and His mind. And according to energy, He is both of Him and from Him, as being breathed and sent and manifested, but according to existence and hypostasis, He is of Him, but not from Him, but from the one who begot Him.
In order, therefore, that we might beat back from you on all sides the handles against the truth, the Son and Word of God, being by nature from God, is by nature begotten, but does not come to be by grace from the Father. And since the one who begets is fontal divinity and the fount of divinity, the one begotten is fountained. And since the Father alone is the fount of divinity and fontal divinity, as Dionysius the Areopagite and Athanasius the Great pronounce in harmony, therefore the Son by nature exists from the only...
Πατρός", οὐχ ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης συννοούμενον; Τοσαυτάκις οὖν εἰρημένου περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ ὅτι παρά τοῦ Πατρός καί μηδαμοῦ τοῦ
«μόνου» προσκειμένου, αὐτός τε πανταχοῦ συνυπακούεις τοῦτο καί τοῖς πανταχοῦ συνυπακούουσιν οὐ δυσχεραίνεις. Μᾶλλον μέν οὖν καί τοῖς μή συννοοῦσι τοῦτο ἐς τά μάλιστα δυσχερανεῖς καί ὡς δυσεβέσιν ἤ καί ἀσεβέσιν ἐγκαλέσεις. Περί δέ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἀκούων, εἶτα τί παθών, οὐ συννοεῖς τό ἐξ ἀνάγκης συνυπακουόμενον, ἀλλά καί εἰς τήν ἐναντίαν ἐξετράπης δόξαν, ὅ ἄν ἐνεκάλεσας δικαίως τοῖς περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ κακῶς νοοῦσι, τοῦτ᾿ αὐτός ἀδίκως πεπονθώς ἐπί τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἐκ μηδεμιᾶς ὅλως τό δυσσεβές προεξενούσης ἀφορμῆς;
Οὐ γάρ μόνον ὅτι λέγεται παρά τοῦ Πατρός τό Πνεῦμα, (σελ. 94) ὡς ὁ Θεός Λόγος πρό αἰώνων παρά τοῦ Πατρός, ἐξ ἀνάγκης παρά μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευόμενον νοεῖται, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεί καί κατά τόν σοφόν μάρτυρα τῆς ἀληθείας Ἰουστῖνον, «ὡς ὁ Υἱός ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, οὕτω καί τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, πλήν τοῦ τρόπου τῆς ὑπάρξεως˙ ὁ μέν γάρ γεννητῶς ἐκ φωτός ἐξέλαμψε, τό δέ, φῶς μέν ἐκ φωτός καί αὐτό, οὐ μήν γεννητῶς, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκπορευτῶς προῆλθεν». Εἰ ὁ Υἱός ἀμέσως ἐκ Πατρός, καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ Πατρός ἀμέσως˙ καί εἰ ὁ Υἱός οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος, καί τό Πνεῦμα οὐχί καί ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ˙ καί εἰ ὁ Υἱός ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός, καί τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός. Ἐπεί γάρ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐκπορευτόν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, ὡς ὁ Υἱός γεννητός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, τό δέ ὡς ὁ Υἱός γεννητός ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευτόν, ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ἐκπορευτόν, τό Πνεῦμα ἄρα τό ἅγιον ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρός μόνου ἐκπορευτῶς προερχόμενος.
Ταῦτα ἄρα καί ὁμοίως λέγεταί τε καί ἔστιν, ὁμοῦ τε καί χωρίς ἑκάτερον, διά μέν τοῦ ὁμοίως εἶναι τήν ἀπόδειξιν ἡμῖν τῆς ἀληθείας αἰτιώδη παρεχόμενα, διά δέ τοῦ ὁμοίως λέγεσθαι τεκμηριώδη˙ οὐ γάρ ὅτι ἅμα ἐξ ἀϊδίου ὁ Υἱός τε καί τό Πνεῦμα, διά τοῦτο οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τά τοῦ Πνεύματος γνωρίσομεν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι γνωριμώτερα ἡμῖν ἐστι τά τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἐκ τῶν γνωριμωτέρων τούτων καί τό Πνεῦμα ἀποδείξομεν. Ἄλλως τε οὐδέ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ εἶναι ὡς ὁ Υἱός τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ Πατρός, ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός ὑπάρχον ἀποδέδεικται.
Καί μήν κατά τόν θεῖον Παῦλον Πνεῦμα καί νοῦς λέγεται Χριστοῦ τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, καθάπερ ὁ Μέγας Βασίλειος ἐν τοῖς πρός Εὐνομιανοῦς περί τοῦ Πνεύματός φησιν γράφων˙ «τό ἐκ Θεοῦ τό Πνεῦμα εἶναι τρανῶς ἀνεκήρυξεν ὁ ἀπόστολος λέγων, ὅτι "τό Πνεῦμα ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐλάβομεν"˙ καί τό δι᾿ Υἱοῦ (σελ. 96) πεφηνέναι σαφές πεποίηκεν, Υἱοῦ Πνεῦμα ὀνομάσας αὐτό καθάπερ Θεοῦ, καί νοῦν Χριστοῦ προσειπών, καθάπερ Θεοῦ Πνεῦμα, ὡς τό τοῦ ἀνθρώπου».
Καθάπερ οὖν τῶ νἀνθρώπων ἕκαστος τόν οἰκεῖον ἔχει νοῦν καί αὐτοῦ μέν ἐστιν ἑκάστου τούτων ὁ οἰκεῖος νοῦς, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐξ οὗπερ καί αὐτός, οὐκ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοίνυν ἑκάστου ὁ οἰκεῖος νοῦς, εἰ μή ἄρα κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν, οὕτω καί τό θεῖον Πνεῦμα φυσικῶς ἐνυπάρχον ὡς Θεῷ τῷ Χριστῷ, καί Πνεῦμα καί νοῦς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ. Καί κατά μέν τήν ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ ἐστι καί ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἐμφυσώμενον καί πεμπόμενον καί φανερούμενον, κατά δέ τήν ὕπαρξιν καί τήν ὑπόστασιν αὐτοῦ μέν ἔστιν, οὐκ ἐξ αὐτοῦ δέ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ γεννήσαντος αὐτόν.
Ἵν᾿ οὖν σοι πανταχόθεν τάς κατά τῆς ἀληθείας ἐκκρούσωμεν λαβάς, ὁ Υἱός καί Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, φύσει ὤν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, φύσει γεννᾶται, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ χάριτι γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός. Ἐπεί δέ ὁ γεννῶν πηγαία θεότης καί πηγή θεότητος, πηγάζεται ὁ γεννώμενος. Ἐπεί δέ μόνος πηγή θεότητος καί πηγαία θεότης ὁ Πατήρ, ὡς ∆ιονύσιος ὁ Ἀρεοπαγίτης καί Ἀθανάσιος ὁ μέγας συνῳδά φθέγγονται, ἐκ μόνου ἄρα ὁ φύσει Υἱός ὑπάρχει τοῦ