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lying among the many things conceived about him, but to present what each of them intends, and to show the mystery of the names.

17 We must begin from here. The divine is unnameable; and this is declared, not only by our reasonings, but also by the wisest and most ancient of the Hebrews, as far as they have given us to conjecture. For they who honored the divine with their own special characters, and could not endure that anything after God and God himself should be written with the same letters, since it was necessary that the divine should be incommunicable even to this extent with our affairs, when would they ever accept that the indissoluble and unique nature be declared by a dissoluble voice? For no one has ever breathed the whole air, nor has mind completely comprehended, or voice encompassed, the essence of God. But sketching out his attributes from the things that surround him, we gather a certain dim and weak and varied image from varied sources. And he is the best theologian among us, not who has found the whole—for the bond does not admit the whole—but he who has imagined more than another, and has gathered in himself a fuller image, or adumbration, or whatever we may call it, of the truth.

18 So then, as far as is within our reach, "He Who Is," and "God," are in some way names of His essence; and of these, "He Who Is" is the more so; not only because when communing with Moses on the mount, and when asked for the name by which He might be known, He called Himself this, commanding him to say to the people, "He Who Is has sent me;" but also because we find this name to be more proper. For the name of God, though it has been etymologized by those clever in these things from *theein* (to run) or *aithein* (to burn), on account of His constant motion and His consuming of evil habits, —for He is from this called a consuming fire— is yet relative, and not absolute; just as also the title "Lord," which is also said to be a name of God. For it says, "I am the Lord your God; this is my name." and, "The Lord is His name." But we are seeking for a nature, whose being is absolute and not bound up with another; but "That Which Is" is truly proper to God, and wholly so, being neither limited nor cut short by what is before Him or what is after Him, for He was not, nor shall be.

19 Of the other titles, some are manifestly of His dominion, others of His economy, and this is twofold: one above the body, the other in the body; for example, "Almighty," and "King" of glory, or of ages, or of powers, or of the beloved, or of kings; and "Lord," or "Sabaoth," which is of hosts, or of powers, or of lords. These are clearly of His dominion; but "God" of salvation, or of vengeance, or of peace, or of righteousness, or of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, and of all Israel, the spiritual one who sees God; these are of His economy. For since we are administered by these three things: by fear of punishment, by hope of salvation and also of glory, and by the practice of virtues from which these come; the name "of vengeance" administers fear; that "of salvation" hope; that "of virtues" practice; so that he who achieves any of these, as bearing God in himself, may hasten more towards perfection and appropriation through virtues. These then are names common to the Godhead. But the proper name of the Unoriginate is Father; and of the unoriginately Begotten, Son; and of that which proceeds or comes forth unbegottenly, the Holy Spirit. But let us come to the titles of the Son, which the discourse set out to speak of.

20 For it seems to me that He is called Son, because He is the same as the Father in essence? and not only that, but also because He is from Him. "Only-begotten," not because He is the only one from the only one and only, but also because it is in a unique manner, not as bodies are. "Word," because He is to the Father as word is to mind; not only because of the passionless nature of the generation, but also because of the union, and His declarative function. And perhaps one might say, also as a definition is to the thing defined, since this too is called *logos*. For "he who has understood," it says, "the Son"—for this is "he who has seen"—"has understood the Father;" and a concise and easy demonstration of the

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πολλῶν κειμένας τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν νοουμένων, ἀλλ' ἑκάστην αὐτῶν ὅ τί ποτε βούλεται παραστῆσαι, καὶ δεῖξαι τὸ τῶν ὀνομάτων μυστήριον.

17 Ἀρκτέον δὲ ἡμῖν ἐντεῦθεν. τὸ θεῖον ἀκατονόμαστον· καὶ τοῦτο δηλοῦσιν, οὐχ οἱ λογισμοὶ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἑβραίων οἱ σοφώτατοι καὶ παλαιότατοι, ὅσον εἰκάζειν ἔδοσαν. οἱ γὰρ χαρακτῆρσιν ἰδίοις τὸ θεῖον τιμήσαντες, καὶ οὐδὲ γράμμασιν ἀνασχόμενοι τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἄλλο τι γράφεσθαι τῶν μετὰ θεὸν καὶ θεόν, ὡς δέον ἀκοινώνητον εἶναι καὶ μέχρι τούτου τὸ θεῖον τοῖς ἡμετέροις, πότε ἂν δέξαιντο λυομένῃ φωνῇ δηλοῦσθαι τὴν ἄλυτον φύσιν καὶ ἰδιάζουσαν; οὔτε γὰρ ἀέρα τις ἔπνευσεν ὅλον πώποτε, οὔτε οὐσίαν θεοῦ παντελῶς ἢ νοῦς κεχώρηκεν, ἢ φωνὴ περιέλαβεν. ἀλλ' ἐκ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν σκιαγραφοῦντες τὰ κατ' αὐτὸν, ἀμυδράν τινα καὶ ἀσθενῆ καὶ ἄλλην ἀπ' ἄλλου φαντασίαν συλλέγομεν. καὶ οὗτος ἄριστος ἡμῖν θεολόγος, οὐχ ὃς εὗρε τὸ πᾶν, οὐδὲ γὰρ δέχεται τὸ πᾶν ὁ δεσμός, ἀλλ' ὃς ἂν ἄλλου φαντασθῇ πλέον, καὶ πλεῖον ἐν ἑαυτῷ συναγάγῃ τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας ἴνδαλμα, ἢ ἀποσκίασμα, ἢ ὅ τι καὶ ὀνομάσομεν.

18 Ὅσον δ' οὖν ἐκ τῶν ἡμῖν ἐφικτῶν, ὁ μὲν ὤν, καὶ ὁ θεός, μᾶλλόν πως τῆς οὐσίας ὀνόματα· καὶ τούτων μᾶλλον ὁ ὤν· οὐ μόνον ὅτι τῷ Μωυσεῖ χρηματίζων ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους, καὶ τὴν κλῆσιν ἀπαιτού μενος, ἥ τίς ποτε εἴη, τοῦτο προσεῖπεν ἑαυτὸν, Ὁ ὢν ἀπέσταλκέ με, τῷ λαῷ κελεύσας εἰπεῖν· ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ κυριωτέραν ταύτην εὑρίσκομεν. ἡ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ, κἂν ἀπὸ τοῦ θέειν, ἢ αἴθειν, ἠτυμολόγηται τοῖς περὶ ταῦτα κομψοῖς, διὰ τὸ ἀεικίνητον καὶ δαπα νητικὸν τῶν μοχθηρῶν ἕξεων, -καὶ γὰρ πῦρ καταναλίσκον ἐντεῦ θεν λέγεται, -ἀλλ' οὖν τῶν πρός τι λεγομένων ἐστί, καὶ οὐκ ἄφετος· ὥσπερ καὶ ἡ Κύριος φωνή, ὄνομα εἶναι θεοῦ καὶ αὐτὴ λεγομένη· Ἐγὼ γάρ, φησι, κύριος ὁ θεός σου· τοῦτό μού ἐστιν ὄνομα. καί, Κύριος ὄνομα αὐτῷ. ἡμεῖς δὲ φύσιν ἐπιζητοῦμεν, ᾗ τὸ εἶναι καθ' ἑαυτό, καὶ οὐκ ἄλλῳ συνδεδεμένον· τὸ δὲ ὂν ἴδιον ὄντως θεοῦ, καὶ ὅλον, μήτε τῷ πρὸ αὐτοῦ, μήτε τῷ μετ' αὐτόν, οὐ γὰρ ἦν, ἢ ἔσται, περατούμενον ἢ περικοπτόμενον.

19 Τῶν δ' ἄλλων προσηγοριῶν αἱ μὲν τῆς ἐξουσίας εἰσὶ προφανῶς, αἱ δὲ τῆς οἰκονομίας, καὶ ταύτης διττῆς· τῆς μὲν ὑπὲρ τὸ σῶμα, τῆς δὲ ἐν σώματι· οἷον ὁ μὲν παντοκράτωρ, καὶ ὁ βασιλεύς, ἢ τῆς δόξης, ἢ τῶν αἰώνων, ἢ τῶν δυνάμεων, ἢ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ, ἢ τῶν βασιλευόντων· καὶ ὁ κύριος, ἢ σαβαώθ, ὅπερ ἐστὶ στρατιῶν, ἢ τῶν δυνάμεων, ἢ τῶν κυριευόντων. ταῦτα μὲν σαφῶς τῆς ἐξου σίας· ὁ δὲ θεός, ἢ τοῦ σώζειν, ἢ ἐκδικήσεων, ἢ εἰρήνης, ἢ δικαιοσύνης, ἢ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακώβ, καὶ παντὸςἸσραὴλ τοῦ πνευματικοῦ καὶ ὁρῶντος θεόν· ταῦτα δὲ τῆς οἰκονομίας. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τρισὶ τούτοις διοικούμεθα, δέει τε τιμωρίας, καὶ σωτηρίας ἐλπίδι, πρὸς δὲ καὶ δόξης, καὶ ἀσκήσει τῶν ἀρετῶν, ἐξ ὧν ταῦτα· τὸ μὲν τῶν ἐκδικήσεων ὄνομα οἰκονομεῖ τὸν φόβον· τὸ δὲ τῶν σωτηρίων τὴν ἐλπίδα· τὸ δὲ τῶν ἀρετῶν τὴν ἄσκησιν· ἵν' ὡς τὸν θεὸν ἐν ἑαυτῷ φέρων ὁ τούτων τι κατορθῶν μᾶλλον ἐπείγηται πρὸς τὸ τέλειον, καὶ τὴν ἐξ ἀρετῶν οἰκείωσιν. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐστι κοινὰ θεότητος τὰ ὀνόματα. ἴδιον δὲ τοῦ μὲν ἀνάρχου, πατήρ· τοῦ δὲ ἀνάρχως γεννηθέντος, υἱός· τοῦ δὲ ἀγεννήτως προελ θόντος, ἢ προιόντος, τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὰς τοῦ υἱοῦ κλήσεις ἔλθωμεν, ὅπερ ὡρμήθη λέγειν ὁ λόγος.

20 ∆οκεῖ γάρ μοι λέγεσθαι υἱὸς μέν, ὅτι ταὐτόν ἐστι τῷ πατρὶ κατ' οὐσίαν; καὶ οὐκ ἐκεῖνο μόνον, ἀλλὰ κἀκεῖθεν. μονογενὴς δέ, οὐχ ὅτι μόνος ἐκ μόνου καὶ μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ μονοτρόπως, οὐχ ὡς τὰ σώματα. λόγος δέ, ὅτι οὕτως ἔχει πρὸς τὸν πατέρα, ὡς πρὸς νοῦν λόγος· οὐ μόνον διὰ τὸ ἀπαθὲς τῆς γεννήσεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ συναφές, καὶ τὸ ἐξαγγελτικόν. τάχα δ' ἂν εἴποι τις, ὅτι καὶ ὡς ὅρος πρὸς τὸ ὁριζόμενον, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τοῦτο λέγεται λόγος. ὁ γὰρ νενοηκώς, φησι, τὸν υἱόν, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ ἑωρακώς, νενόηκε τὸν πατέρα· καὶ σύντομος ἀπόδειξις καὶ ῥᾳδία τῆς τοῦ