7

and not to achieve it without much zeal; just as, then, nothing again sets it right like pursuing it with all one's strength. And Christ, making this plain, says, If two of you agree on the same thing, whatever they ask, they will receive; and again, When lawlessness increases, love will grow cold. This has given birth to all the heresies. For from not loving their own brothers they envied those who were well-regarded, and from envy they became ambitious for power, and from ambition for power they gave birth to heresies. For this reason also Paul, having said, That you may command certain people not to teach other doctrines, also explains the way by which this is possible to happen. What then is this? Love. Therefore, just as when he says, Christ is the end of the law, that is, its fulfillment, and this depends on those things, so this command is contained in love. The end of medicine is health; so that when health is present, there is no need for much preparation; and when love is present, there is no need for much instruction. But what kind of love does he mean? Sincere love, not one that goes only as far as words, but one from disposition, and from the mind and from sympathizing, From a pure, he says, heart; that is, he speaks either of a right way of life, or of genuine friendship. For an impure life also creates schisms; For everyone who does evil hates the light. For there is also a friendship of the wicked, for instance robbers love robbers, and murderers love murderers; but this is not from a good conscience, but from a wicked one, nor from a pure heart, but from an impure one, nor from an unfeigned faith, but from a counterfeit and hypocritical one. For faith shows what is true; and from a sincere faith love is born; for he who truly believes in God will never endure to let this go. From which some, he says, having swerved, have turned aside to vain jangling. He said well, Having swerved; for it requires art, so as to shoot straight, and not outside the mark. So as to be directed 62.510 by the Spirit; for many are the things that turn one from the straight path; and one must look to one thing. Desiring, he says, to be teachers of the law. Do you see another cause, that of the love of power? For this reason Christ also said, But do not you be called Rabbi; and again the Apostle, For they themselves do not keep the law, but that they may boast in your flesh. They desire the dignity, he says; for this reason they do not look to the truth. Not understanding, he says, neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm. Here he accuses them, as not knowing the purpose of the law, nor the time for which it ought to have authority. How then, if it is from ignorance, do you call this a sin? Because they suffered this not only from desiring to be teachers of the law, but also from not holding to love; and otherwise, the ignorance also was born from these things. For when the soul gives itself over to carnal things, its perceptive faculty is maimed; and having fallen from love, it falls into contention, and the eye of the mind is maimed. For he who is possessed by some desire for these transient things, being drunk with passion, cannot become an impartial judge of the truth. They do not know, he says, whereof they affirm. For it was likely that they would speak about the law, and say many things about purifications and the other bodily matters. Then, refraining from refuting those things as being nothing but a shadow of spiritual things and an outline, which would have been more gentle, he does this. What then is this? He praises the law, here calling the Decalogue the law. And from this he has cast out those other things too. For if these things themselves punish the transgressors, and become useless to us, much more those other things. But we know, he says, that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully, knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man. Good, he says, and not good. What then, he says? if someone does not use it lawfully, is it not good? Even so it is good; but what he says is this: when he fulfills it through works; for the phrase, If a man use it lawfully, has this meaning here. But when they expound it through words, but transgress it through their works, this is to use it unlawfully; for this man too uses it,

7

καὶ μὴ μετὰ πολλῆς αὐτὴν κατορθοῦν τῆς σπουδῆς· ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲν πάλιν ὀρθοῖ, ὡς τὸ παντὶ σθένει μεταδιώκειν αὐτήν. Καὶ τοῦτο δηλῶν ὁ Χριστός φησιν, Ἐὰν δύο συμφωνήσωσιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ, πᾶν, ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσωσι, λήψονται· καὶ πάλιν, Ὅταν πληθυνθῇ ἡ ἀνομία, ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη. Τοῦτο τὰς αἱρέσεις ἔτεκε πάσας. Ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ μὴ φιλεῖν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ἐφθόνουν εὐδοκιμοῦσιν, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ φθονεῖν ἐφιλάρχουν, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ φιλαρχεῖν αἱρέσεις ἔτεκον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος εἰπὼν, Ἵνα παραγγείλῃς τισὶ μὴ ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν, καὶ τὸν τρόπον ὑφηγεῖται, καθ' ὃν τοῦτο γενέσθαι δυνατόν. Τίς δ' οὖν οὗτός ἐστιν; Ἡ ἀγάπη. Ὥσπερ οὖν ὅταν λέγῃ, Τέλος νόμου Χριστὸς, τουτέστι, συμπλήρωμα, καὶ τοῦτο ἐκείνων ἔχεται, οὕτως ἡ παραγγελία αὕτη ἐνέχεται τῇ ἀγάπῃ. Τέλος ἰατρείας ὑγεία· ὥστε ὑγείας οὔσης, οὐ πολλῆς δεῖ κατασκευῆς· καὶ ἀγάπης οὔσης, οὐ πολλῆς δεῖ παραγγελίας. Ἀγάπην δὲ ποίαν φησί; Τὴν εἰλικρινῆ, οὐ τὴν μέχρι ῥημάτων, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀπὸ διαθέσεως, καὶ γνώμης καὶ τοῦ συναλγεῖν, Ἐκ καθαρᾶς, φησὶ, καρδίας· ἤτοι περὶ πολιτείας φησὶν ὀρθῆς, ἢ περὶ γνησίας φιλίας. Ποιεῖ γὰρ καὶ βίος ἀκάθαρτος σχίσματα· Πᾶς γὰρ ὁ φαῦλα πράσσων, μισεῖ τὸ φῶς. Ἔστι γὰρ φιλία καὶ ἡ τῶν φαύλων, οἷον καὶ λῃσταὶ λῃστὰς φιλοῦσιν, καὶ ἀνδροφόνοι ἀνδροφόνους· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο ἀπὸ συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ φαύλης, οὐδ' ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἀκαθάρτου, οὐδὲ ἐκ πίστεως ἀνυποκρίτου, ἀλλ' ἐπιπλάστου καὶ ὑποκεκριμένης. Πίστις γὰρ τὸ ἀληθὲς δείκνυσιν· ἀπὸ δὲ πίστεως εἰλικρινοῦς ἡ ἀγάπη τίκτεται· ὁ γὰρ ὄντως εἰς Θεὸν πιστεύων, οὐκ ἀνέχεταί ποτε ταύτην ἀφεῖναι. Ὧν τινες, φησὶν, ἀστοχήσαντες, ἐξετράπησαν εἰς ματαιολογίας. Καλῶς εἶπεν, Ἀστοχήσαντες· τέχνης γὰρ δεῖ, ὥστε εὐθέα βάλλειν, καὶ μὴ ἔξω τοῦ σκοποῦ. Ὥστε ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος εὐθύνε 62.510 σθαι· πολλὰ γὰρ τὰ τῆς εὐθείας παρεκτρέποντα· καὶ δεῖ πρὸς ἓν ὁρᾷν. Θέλοντες, φησὶν, εἶναι νομοδιδάσκαλοι. Ὁρᾷς καὶ ἄλλην αἰτίαν, τὴν τῆς φιλαρχίας; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγεν, Ὑμεῖς δὲ μηδένα καλέσητε Ῥαββί· καὶ πάλιν ὁ Ἀπόστολος, Οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτοὶ τὸν νόμον φυλάσσουσιν, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἐν τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ σαρκὶ καυχήσωνται. Τοῦ ἀξιώματος ἐφίενται, φησί· διὰ τοῦτο πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν οὐχ ὁρῶσι. Μὴ νοοῦντες, φησὶ, μήτε ἃ λέγουσι, μήτε περὶ τίνων διαβεβαιοῦνται. Ἐνταῦθα διαβάλλει αὐτοὺς, ὡς οὐκ εἰδότας τὸν τοῦ νόμου σκοπὸν, οὐδὲ τὸν καιρὸν μέχρι τίνος κύριον αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐχρῆν. Πῶς οὖν, εἰ ἐξ ἀγνοίας, ἁμάρτημα τοῦτο λέγεις; Ὅτι οὐ διὰ τὸ θέλειν νομοδιδασκάλους εἶναι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὸ μὴ κατέχειν τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦτο ἔπαθον· ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἡ ἄγνοια ἐκ τούτων ἐτέχθη. Ὅταν γὰρ ἡ ψυχὴ πράγμασιν ἑαυτὴν ἐκδῷ σαρκικοῖς, πηροῦται αὐτῆς τὸ διορατικόν· ἐκπεσοῦσα δὲ τῆς ἀγάπης ἐμπίπτει εἰς φιλονεικίαν, καὶ πηροῦται τὸ τῆς διανοίας ὄμμα. Ὁ γὰρ ὑπό τινος ἐπιθυμίας τούτων τῶν προσκαίρων κατεχόμενος, μεθύων τῷ πάθει, τῆς ἀληθείας οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο κριτὴς ἀδέκαστος. Οὐκ ἴσασι, φησὶ, περὶ τίνων διαβεβαιοῦνται. Εἰκὸς γὰρ ἦν αὐτοὺς περὶ τοῦ νόμου φθέγγεσθαι, καὶ πολλὰ περὶ καθαρσίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν σωματικῶν λέγειν. Εἶτα ἀφεὶς ἐκεῖνα ἐλέγξαι, ὡς οὐδὲν ὄντα ἢ σκιὰν τῶν πνευματικῶν καὶ ὑπογραμμὸν, ὃ μᾶλλον προσηνέστερον ἦν, τοῦτο ἐργάζεται. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Ἐπαινεῖ τὸν νόμον, νόμον ἐνταῦθα τὸν δεκάλογον καλῶν. Ἀπὸ δὲ τούτου κἀκεῖνα ἐξέβαλεν. Εἰ γὰρ ταῦτα αὐτὰ κολάζει τοὺς παραβάτας, καὶ ἄχρηστα ἡμῖν γίνεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκεῖνα. Οἴδαμεν δὲ, φησὶν, ὅτι καλὸς ὁ νόμος, ἐάν τις αὐτῷ νομίμως χρῆται, εἰδὼς, τοῦτο, ὅτι δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται. Καλὸς, φησὶ, καὶ οὐ καλός. Τί δαὶ, φησίν; ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως τις χρῆται, οὐκ ἔστι καλός; Καὶ οὕτω καλός· ἀλλ' ὃ λέγει τοῦτό ἐστιν· ὅταν ἐκπληροῖ αὐτὸν δι' ἔργων· τὸ γὰρ, Ἐάν τις αὐτῷ νομίμως χρῆται, τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα σημαῖνον. Ὅταν δὲ ἐξηγῶνται μὲν αὐτὸν διὰ ῥημάτων, διὰ δὲ τῶν ἔργων παραβαίνωσι, τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀνόμως χρῆσθαι· χρῆται μὲν γὰρ καὶ οὗτος,