But in another epistle, teaching about the same things and showing the disciples the abundance of spiritual wealth and exhorting them to hasten to attain to the perfect measure, he said: But earnestly desire the spiritual gifts; and yet I show you a more excellent way. If I speak with the tongues of angels, but do not have love, I have become a noisy brass or a clanging cymbal; and if I have prophecy and 250 know all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith so as to move mountains, but have not love, I am profited nothing; and if I give all my possessions to feed the poor and give my body that I may be burned, but do not have love, I am nothing. And he adds what the fruits of love are and how those who possess it have been completely delivered from the passions of wickedness, saying: Love does not envy; love does not boast; is not puffed up; does not behave unseemly; does not seek its own; does not take into account evil; does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth; bears all things; endures all things; believes all things; hopes all things. And again the same: Love never fails. But "3never fails"3 means this, that those who possess the aforementioned gifts of the Spirit and have not yet, through the most complete and active love of the Spirit, received deliverance from the passions, are still in danger and conflict and fear because of the struggle against the spiritual forces of wickedness, even if they possess spiritual gifts. For behold, what a great spiritual measure, since it is no longer subject to falling and passion, he showed to those wishing to walk accurately the path of Christianity; 251 so that even the tongues of angels and prophecy and faith and all knowledge and the gifts of healings are nothing in comparison with the highest virtue and the fullness of the love of perfection, although those things are also workings of the same Spirit. But so that, if anyone should be deemed worthy of those gifts, he might not think, on account of the newer working of grace, that he has arrived at perfection and, thinking he no longer needs anything, remain short of the perfect measures of dispassion, being fully convinced only in the lesser gifts, for this reason he showed the goal of perfection, so that each one, recognizing himself as poor of so great a wealth, might unceasingly and relentlessly fight the good fight, and so run the spiritual race, until he should lay hold of it, as he has said: So run, that you may obtain. Behold how through many things he makes clear to all the boundary and goal and rule of piety and perfection, praying for his own disciples that all might attain to it; for again the same, showing in another place the newness and change that comes to be in Christ for those who believe and love the Lord, says: For neither circumcision avails anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation; and as many as walk according to this rule, peace be upon them, and mercy, and upon the Israel of God. And again: If anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old things have passed away. through the single phrase of the new creation, he has 252 made clear the apostolic rule; and what else is the new creation than, as the same says elsewhere: That he might present to himself the church in splendor, not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing, but that it should be holy and blameless, the complete purity from shame, which is the complete deliverance from the passions, and the full, ineffable, and mystical communion in holiness of the divine power of the Spirit, working in the hearts of saints who have been deemed worthy of a newer, supernatural, and spiritual enjoyment in virtues, the apostle taught that this is the new creation in Christ. But also the [saying], Clean out the old leaven, that you may be a new lump; and the [saying], Let us celebrate, not with old leaven, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth, the same
Ἐν ἄλλῃ δὲ ἐπιστολῇ περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν διδάσκων καὶ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τοῦ πνευματικοῦ πλούτου ἐπιδεικνύων τοῖς μαθηταῖς καὶ προτρεπόμενος σπεύδειν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ τέλειον μέτρον καταντῆσαι ἔλεγε· Ζηλοῦτε δὲ τὰ πνευματικὰ χαρίσματα· καὶ ἔτι καθ' ὑπερβολὴν ὁδὸν ὑμῖν δείκνυμι. ἐὰν ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀγγέλων λαλῶ, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, γέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν ἢ κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον· κἂν ἔχω προφητείαν καὶ 250 εἰδῶ τὰ μυστήρια πάντα καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γνῶσιν, κἂν ἔχω πᾶσαν τὴν πίστιν ὥστε ὄρη μεθιστᾶν, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι· κἂν ψωμίσω πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου καὶ παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐθέν εἰμι. καὶ ἐπάγει τοὺς καρποὺς τῆς ἀγάπης οἷοί εἰσι καὶ πῶς οἱ ταύτην κεκτημένοι τῶν τῆς κακίας παθῶν παντελῶς ἐλυτρώθησαν, λέγων· Ἡ ἀγάπη οὐ ζηλοῖ· ἡ ἀγάπη οὐ περπερεύεται· οὐ φυσιοῦται· οὐκ ἀσχημονεῖ· οὐ ζητεῖ τὰ ἑαυτῆς· οὐ λογίζεται τὸ κακόν· οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συγχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ· πάντα στέγει· πάντα ὑπομένει· πάντα πιστεύει· πάντα ἐλπίζει. καὶ πάλιν ὁ αὐτός· Ἡ ἀγάπη οὐδέποτε πίπτει. τὸ δὲ "3οὐδέποτε πίπτει"3 τοῦτο σημαίνει, ὡς οἱ ἐν τοῖς προειρημένοις χαρίσμασι τοῦ πνεύματος ὄντες καὶ μηδέπω διὰ τῆς πληρεστάτης καὶ ἐνεργοῦς ἀγάπης τοῦ πνεύματος τὴν λύτρωσιν τῶν παθῶν δεξάμενοι ἐν κινδύνῳ ἔτι καὶ ἀγῶνι καὶ φόβῳ τυγχάνουσι διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας πάλην, εἰ καὶ χαρίσματα πνευματικὰ κέκτηνται. ἰδοὺ γὰρ οἷον καὶ ὅσον πνευματικὸν μέτρον, ἅτε μηκέτι ὂν ὑπὸ πτῶσιν καὶ πάθος, ἔδειξε τοῖς βουλομένοις ἀκριβῶς βαίνειν τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ χριστιανισμοῦ· 251 ὥστε καὶ γλώσσας ἀγγέλων καὶ προφητείαν καὶ πίστιν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γνῶσιν καὶ χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων μηδὲν εἶναι ὡς πρὸς σύγκρισιν τῆς ἀκροτάτης ἀρετῆς καὶ τοῦ πληρώματος τῆς ἀγάπης τῆς τελειότητος, καίπερ κἀκεῖνα τοῦ αὐτοῦ πνεύματος ὄντα ἐνεργήματα. ἀλλ' ἵνα, ἐάν τις ἐκείνων τῶν χαρισμάτων καταξιωθῇ, μὴ νομίσῃ διὰ τὴν καινοτέραν τῆς χάριτος ἐνέργειαν εἰς τὸ τέλειον ἐφθακέναι καὶ ὡς μηκέτι χρῄζων τινὸς οἰηθεὶς ἀπομείνῃ τῶν τελείων τῆς ἀπαθείας μέτρων, ἐν τοῖς ἐλάττοσι χαρίσμασι μόνον ἐμπληροφορούμενος, διὰ τοῦτο τὸν σκοπὸν τῆς τελειότητος ὑπέδειξεν, ἵνα ἕκαστος ἑαυτὸν πτωχὸν ἀπὸ τηλικούτου πλούτου ἐπιγινώσκων ἀπαύστως ἀνενδότως τὸν καλὸν ἀγωνίζηται ἀγῶνα, καὶ τὸν πνευματικὸν δρόμον οὕτως τρέχῃ, ἕως οὗ καταλάβῃ, καθὼς εἴρηκεν· Οὕτως τρέχετε, ἵνα καταλάβητε. Ἰδοὺ πῶς τὸν τῆς εὐσεβείας καὶ τελειότητος ὅρον καὶ σκοπὸν καὶ κανόνα διὰ πολλῶν εἰς φανερὸν πᾶσι τίθησιν ἐπευχόμενος τοῖς ἰδίοις μαθηταῖς εἰς αὐτὸν πάντας φθάσαι· πάλιν γὰρ ὁ αὐτὸς ἐν ἑτέρῳ δεικνύων τὴν ἐν Χριστῷ γινομένην καινότητα καὶ μεταβολὴν τοῖς πιστοῖς καὶ ἀγαπῶσι τὸν κύριόν φησιν· Οὔτε γὰρ περιτομή τι ἰσχύει οὔτε ἀκροβυστία, ἀλλὰ καινὴ κτίσις· καὶ ὅσοι τῷ κανόνι τούτῳ στοιχοῦσιν εἰρήνη ἐπ' αὐτοὺς καὶ ἔλεος, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ. καὶ πάλιν· Εἴ τις ἐν Χριστῷ, καινὴ κτίσις, τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθε. διὰ μιᾶς λέξεως τῆς καινῆς κτίσεως τὸν ἀποστολικὸν κανόνα 252 εἰς φανερὸν τέθεικεν· ἡ δὲ καινὴ κτίσις τί ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἤ, καθὼς ὁ αὐτὸς ἀλλαχοῦ λέγει· Ἵνα παραστήσῃ αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἔνδοξον, μὴ ἔχουσαν σπίλον ἢ ῥυτίδα ἤ τι τῶν τοιούτων, ἀλλ' ἵνα ᾖ ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος, τὴν παντελῆ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴσχους καθαρότητα, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ παντελὴς τῶν παθῶν ἀπαλλαγή, καὶ τὴν πλήρη τῆς θείας τοῦ πνεύματος δυνάμεως ἄρρητον καὶ μυστικὴν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ κοινωνίαν, ἐν καρδίαις ἁγίων ἐνεργουμένην, καινοτέρας ὑπὲρ τὴν φύσιν καὶ πνευματικῆς ἐν ἀρεταῖς ἀπολαύσεως κατηξιωμένων, ταύτην εἶναι τὴν ἐν Χριστῷ καινὴν κτίσιν ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐδίδαξεν. ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ Ἐκκαθάρατε τὴν παλαιὰν ζύμην, ἵνα ἦτε νέον φύραμα· καὶ τὸ Ἑορτάζομεν μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀζύμοις εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας, τὸν αὐτὸν