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and are held together more toward being, according to the qualitative and quantitative motion and inclination of their choice, receiving either well-being through virtue and the straight path according to the logos by which it exists, or wretched being through vice and the motion contrary to the logos by which it exists, and, to speak concisely, according to the possession or deprivation of their natural capacity to partake of that which is by nature entirely unpartakeable, and which through infinite goodness provides its whole self by grace simply to all, both worthy and unworthy, and which will effect the permanence of ever-being according as each one is and has been disposed by himself. For whom the analogous participation or non-participation in that which truly is, and is well, and is forever, is an intensification and increase of punishment for those unable to partake, and of enjoyment for those able to partake. For there is nothing at all among beings of which the logos of them all does not pre-exist in God. And of those things whose logoi of their essence pre-exist in God, of these things, evidently, the generation is certainly according to a divine purpose. And of those things whose generation is according to a divine purpose, their existence according to essence remains unremoved towards non-being. And of those things whose existence according to essence has subsisted after generation from being, unremoved towards non-being, the logoi of these things happen to be permanent and stable, having wisdom as the sole 14Ε_034 principle of their being, from which and through which they exist, and by which they firmly have the power to be able to exist. And of those things whose logoi exist permanently with God, the purpose of God who made all things concerning them is also infallible; for the purpose of God is not at all contained by temporal limits, nor does it admit alteration from change, changing along with its subjects, of these things, unquestionably, their existences are clearly incorruptible.

For either God, willing according to purpose, has made human bodies, and through Him they remain completely unchangeable towards non-being, always willing that to exist which was willed with reason and wisdom according to purpose, and there will not be, as they claim, the complete passing-away of bodies into non-being, or He did not make them according to purpose, and not willing, He was tyrannized, being led by force to the generation of things whose logoi He is not revealed as possessing. And if, being tyrannized, He came to make the bodies against His purpose and unwillingly, clearly reason and wisdom in no way guided their generation. For that which comes to be against the divine purpose is both completely deprived 1332 and alienated from reason and wisdom. And that which is completely deprived of reason and wisdom is only evil, whose being is characterized by non-existence, of which may it never be ours even to conceive of God as the maker, much less to say so openly and dare to believe so ruinously. And who is the one who tyrannized God, if indeed He was tyrannized, and is it right at all to say that He made against His purpose what He did not will? And how is the one who was tyrannized God, bringing into existence by necessity against His purpose a generation of things for destruction? Let those who maintain this opinion dare to say. For either they would say that God made these things, and would utter the greatest blasphemies, 14Ε_036 imposing necessity on God to make something against His purpose; or that He did not make them, and they will be caught introducing by necessity, in a Manichaean fashion, another principle that makes these things. For the dogma of pre-existence is surely characteristic of those who set up two principles in opposition to each other. Whom, by the grace of the all-merciful God, the deep gloom of obscurity has enveloped and driven away into complete oblivion, as they could not bear the light of the truth preached by our holy Fathers.

But I wonder how, to omit for now all that could be said for the sake of the argument's proportion, the mystery concerning Christ our true God does not shame them into eagerly casting off this opinion from themselves. For if the mystery concerning Christ exists as the most mysterious of all divine mysteries, and is definitive of all perfection which is or will be in all things according to every concept, and

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καί πρός τό εἶναι μᾶλλον συνεχόμενα, κατά τήν ποιάν τε καί ποσήν τῆς προαιρέσεως κίνησίν τε καί ῥοπήν, τό εὖ δι᾿ ἀρετήν καί τήν πρός τόν λόγον καθ᾿ ὅν ἐστιν εὐθυπορίαν, ἤ τό φεῦ εἶναι διά κακίαν καί τήν παρά τόν λόγον καθ᾿ ὅν ἐστι κίνησιν λαμβάνοντα, καί συντόμως εἰπεῖν κατά τήν ἕξιν ἤ τήν στέρησιν τῆς αὐτῶν κατά φύσιν μεθεκτικῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ παντελῶς ἀμεθέκτου κατά φύσιν ὑπάρχοντος, καί πᾶσιν ἁπλῶς ἑαυτόν ἀξίοις τε καί ἀναξίοις ὅλον κατά χάριν δι' ἄπειρον ἀγαθότητα παρέχοντος, καί τήν τοῦ ἀεί εἶναι καθώς ἕκαστος ὑφ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ διατέθειταί τε καί ἔστι διαμονήν ἐμποιήσοντος. Οἷς ἡ τοῦ κυρίως ὄντος καί εὖ ὄντος καί ἀεί ὄντος ἀνάλογος μέθεξις ἤ ἀμεθεξία, τιμωρίας τῶν μετασχεῖν μή δυναμένων, καί ἀπολαύσεως τῶν μετασχεῖν δυναμένων, ἐπίτασίς ἐστι καί ἐπαύξησις. Οὐδέν γάρ τό παράπαν ἔστι τῶν ὄντων οὗ μή παρά τῷ Θεῷ πάντων ὁ λόγος προένεστιν. Ὧν δέ παρά τῷ Θεῷ προϋπάρχουσιν ὄντες τῆς οὐσίας οἱ λόγοι, τούτων δηλαδή κατά πρόθεσιν θείαν πάντως ἐστίν ἡ γένεσις. Ὧν δέ κατά πρόθεσιν θείαν ἐστίν ἡ γένεσις, τούτων ἡ κατ᾿ οὐσίαν ὕπαρξις μένει πρός τό μή ὅν ἀμεταχώρητος. Ὧν δέ πρός τό μή ὄν ἀμεταχώρητος μετά τήν γένεσιν ἀπό τοῦ ὄντος ἡ κατ᾿ οὐσίαν ὑφέστηκεν ὕπαρξις, τούτων οἱ λόγοι τυγχάνουσι μόνιμοί τε καί βάσιμοι, μόνην 14Ε_034 ἔχοντες ἀρχήν τοῦ εἶναι τήν σοφίαν, ἐξ ἧς καί δι᾿ ἥν ὑπάρχουσι, καί ὑφ᾿ ἧς τήν πρός τό εἶναι δύνασθαι παγίως δύναμιν ἔχουσιν. Ὧν δέ οἱ λόγοι μονίμως ὑπάρχουσι παρά τῷ Θεῷ, καί ἡ περί αὐτούς τοῦ πεποιηκότος τά πάντα Θεοῦ πρόθεσίς ἐστιν ἀδιάπτωτος· χρονικοῖς γάρ ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ πρόθεσις παντάπασιν οὐ περιείληπται πέρασιν, οὔτε μέν τήν ἐκ μεταβολῆς ἀλλοίωσιν ἐπιδέχεται τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις συμμεταπίπτουσα, τούτων ἀναμφηρίστως αἱ ὑπάρξεις σαφῶς εἰσιν ἀδιάφθοροι.

Ἤ γάρ οὖν κατά πρόθεσιν θέλων πεποίηκεν ὁ Θεός τά ἀνθρώπινα σώματα, καί μένει δι' αὐτόν πρός τό μή ὄν ἀμετάπτωτα παντελῶς, ἀεί θέλοντα εἶναι τό σύν λόγῳ καί σοφίᾳ κατά πρόθεσιν θεληθέν, καί οὐκ ἔσται κατ' αὐτούς ἡ παντελής τῶν σωμάτων πρός τό μή ὄν ἀπογένεσις, ἤ κατά πρόθεσιν οὐ πεποίηκε, καί μή θέλων ἐτυραννήθη, κατά βίαν ἀγόμενος πρός γένεσιν, ὧν τούς λόγους ἔχων οὐ πέφανται. Καί εἰ μέν τυραννηθείς παρά πρόθεσιν ἦλθε ποιῆσαι μή θέλων τά σώματα, λόγος δηλονότι καί σοφία τῆς τούτων γενέσεως οὐδαμῶς καθηγήσατο. Τό γάρ παρά πρόθεσιν θείαν γινόμενον, λόγου καί σοφίας παντελῶς ἐστέρηταί τε 1332 καί ἠλλοτρίωται. Τό δέ λόγου καί σοφίας παντελῶς ἐστερημένον μόνον ἐστί τό κακόν, οὗ τό εἶναι χαρακτηρίζει ἡ ἀνυπαρξία, οὗτινος ποιητήν τόν Θεόν μήτε ἐννοεῖν ἡμῖν γένοιτο πώποτε, μήτιγε δέ λέγειν ἀναφανδόν, καί πιστεύειν ὀλεθρίως τολμᾷν. Τίς δέ ὁ τυραννήσας τόν Θεόν, εἴπερ τετυράννηται, καί θέμις ὅλως εἰπεῖν ποιῆσαι παρά πρόθεσιν ὅ μή βεβούληται; Καί πῶς ὁ τυραννηθείς ἐστι Θεός, πρός ἀνάγκης ὑφιστῶν παρά πρόθεσιν ἐπ᾿ ἀπωλείᾳ γένεσιν πραγμάτων; Οἱ ταύτην περιέποντες τήν δόξαν λέγειν τολμάτωσαν. Ἤ γάρ ἄν τόν Θεόν ταῦτα πεποιηκέναι φαῖεν, καί τά μέγιστα βλασφημήσαιεν, 14Ε_036 ἀνάγκην ἐπάγοντες τῷ Θεῷ ποιῆσαί τι παρά πρόθεσιν· ἤ μή πεποιηκέναι, καί ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἄλλην ἀρχήν Μανιχαϊκῶς τήν ταῦτα ποιοῦσαν εἰσάγοντες φωραθήσονται. Πάντως γάρ ἴδιόν ἐστι τῶν δύο ἀρχάς ἀλλήλαις ἀντιπαρεξαγόντων τό τῆς προϋπάρξεως δόγμα. Οὕς χάριτι Θεοῦ τοῦ παντελεήμονος ὁ βαθύς τῆς ἀφανείας ζόφος περιλαβών εἰς τελείαν ἀπήλασε λήθην, τό φέγγος τῆς κηρυττομένης ὑπό τῶν ἁγίων Πατέρων ἡμῶν ἀληθείας οὐ φέροντας.

Θαυμάζω δέ πῶς αὐτούς, ἵνα παραλείψω νῦν ὅσα ῥηθῆναι δυνατόν ἐστι, διά τήν συμμετρίαν τοῦ λόγου, τό κατά Χριστόν τόν ἀληθινόν Θεόν ἡμῶν μυστήριον, οὐ δυσωπεῖ ταύτην προθύμως ἑαυτῶν ἐκτινάξασθαι τήν δόξαν. Εἰ γάρ πάντων τῶν θείων μυστηρίων μυστηριωδέστερον τό κατά Χριστόν ὑπάρχει μυστήριον, καί πάσης τῆς κατά πάσαν ἔννοιαν ἐν πᾶσιν ἤ οὔσης ἤ γενησομένης τελειότητος ὁριστικόν, καί