De oratione

 Therefore, the one of these, I mean the 'what we should pray for,' is the words of the prayer, but the 'as we ought' is the state of the one praying

 we are more than conquerors.” It is likely that “intercedes” only concerns those who are not so great as to be more than conquerors, nor again such as

 God be with me, and keep me in this way that I go, and give me bread to eat and a garment to put on, and bring me back with safety to my father's hous

 of the tribes of the sons of Israel, saying: This is the word, which the Lord commanded: A man, who shall vow a vow to the Lord or swear an oath with

 of those who say there is providence for it is not our present purpose to examine the sayings of those who entirely deny God or providence) God kn

 since God exists and has comprehended the whole universe and abides in His pre-arranged decrees, to pray, supposing that by his prayer he will alter G

 and from what is in our power, which will be enacted according to our impulse. For even if, hypothetically, God did not know the future, we would not

 “let him not boast” “before” me but let him say: “I am not worthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God,” and perceiving my

 of prayer benefits those who have persuaded themselves that they have stood before and are speaking to a present and hearing God? 9.1 What has been sa

 to God, who ordains what he wills for our training, but not even murmuring in the secret of our thoughts without a voice audible to men which murmuri

 his preeminence, and stretching forth the right hand and giving to Judas a golden sword, to whom another saint who had fallen asleep testified, sa

 an angel, «of the» in the church «little ones,» «always» seeing «the face of the Father» «who is in heaven» and beholding the divinity of the one who

 the prayer of Holofernes with God prevails and one woman of the Hebrews brought shame to the house of Nebuchadnezzar But 'Ananias' 'and Azarias and M

 suffering from a basilisk, because through Christ he has stepped upon them and has trampled “lion and dragon,” having used the good authority given by

 doxology for greater things, offered up more magnificently by someone, and intercession, a request to God concerning certain things by one having a ce

 And an example of thanksgiving is the voice of our Lord, saying: “I confess to you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you have hidden these thing

 kings shall be your nursing fathers, and their princesses your nurses they shall bow down to <you> with their face to the ground, and shall lick the

 with him the intelligible blessing reaching all the saints, spoken by Isaac to Jacob, namely: «May God give you of the dew of heaven,» to have come to

 of things truly and genuinely great and heavenly, and matters concerning the shadows that follow the preceding things must be entrusted to God, who kn

 For it is the work of hypocrites to want to put on airs before men for the sake of piety or for social reasons. But it is necessary, remembering the s

 20.2 And we must listen carefully to that they may be seen, since nothing that is merely apparent is good, as if existing in appearance and not in t

 It is not that God has not been called 20father20, or that those who are considered to have believed in God have not been named sons of God but rathe

 he has imitated the image «of the invisible God» and has become «according to the image of the one who created him,» who makes «his sun» rise «on the

 20Father20» let him go. And let us seek to understand more mystically the saying at the end of the Gospel according to John: «Do not touch me, for I h

 in order to persuade the reader from every side, according to the power given to us, to hear the divine scripture in a higher and more spiritual way,

 to exalt «0the name20» of God «at the same time,» is <when> someone, having partaken of an emanation of divinity by being taken up by God and having p

 We are commanded by Paul no longer to be subject to sin which wants to rule over us, and indeed we are ordered through these words: Let not sin there

 for us «0on earth20» likewise to them in all things “the 20will20” of God should be done which will happen, when we do nothing contrary to His «0will

 to divinity and being united with it. 26.5 But since the second point does not yet solve the difficulties about how «0the will20» of God is «0in heave

 we will set these things forth from more numerous sources. He says in the Gospel according to John to those who had come to Capernaum to seek him: “Tr

 nor are you able even now for you are still of the flesh” and in the one to the Hebrews: “and you have come to need milk, not solid food. For everyon

 being set apart, but is subject to every quality just like a prepared place. And by qualities they mean dispositively the activities and productions i

 by a demonstration of the angels and their becoming more ready to cooperate in every way and henceforth to concur in the apprehension of more and grea

 in the psalms thus: a thousand years in your eyes are as yesterday, which has passed (which is the famous millennium, which is likened to the yeste

 «0today20» but also in a way of the «0daily20» he who prays for «0today20», from the one who is able to grant «exceedingly abundantly above all that w

 and we are in a theater of the world and of angels and of men, it must be known that, just as the one in the theater is a 20debtor20 to say or do cert

 heavenly Father will do, unless you 20forgive20 each his brother from your hearts.” They say, however, that we 20must forgive20 those who have sinned

 they conceived a thought against God” for he offers the sacrifice concerning things of which it is doubted whether a sin has been committed, and this

 which our Lord taught concerning prayer. But when has anyone considered men to be outside of 20temptations20, whose word he knew he had fulfilled? And

 every time is one of 20temptation20 for men, even these things not even he who meditates on the law of God «day and night» and practices to fulfill w

 Finding such things in the law and the prophets, they stumbled as at one who was not good, who uttered such words but for us, on account of the diffi

 having desired generation, pray again to obtain twice what you desire, having come to hate the thing desired, and then thus to return to the good thin

 of our own evils and let us give thanks for the good things revealed to us through 20temptations20. But that the 20temptations20 which happen are for

 to put on (for he has received), but by in all that befell him not to have sinned at all before the Lord but to be shown to be righteous of the o

 to pray, stretching out the soul, as it were, before the hands, and stretching the mind toward God before the eyes, and before standing, arousing the

 which is possible, unless one gives himself to this by agreement for a time, that perhaps also concerning the place, if it is permissible, it must b

 It seems to me that these things have necessarily been said, while examining the place of prayer and representing what is exceptional as in a place at

 for the sake of magnifying you, my Lord, Lord.” 33.4 An example of confessions: “Deliver me from all my iniquities,” and in other places: “My wounds h

since God exists and has comprehended the whole universe and abides in His pre-arranged decrees, to pray, supposing that by his prayer he will alter God's purpose, or approaching him as one who has not pre-ordained but waits for the prayer of each, so that through the prayer He might arrange what is fitting for the one praying, ordaining then what is judged to be reasonable, which had not been considered by Him before. 5.6 Let what you set down in the letters to me be laid out here in the very same words, as follows. "First: if God is the foreknower of future things, and they must happen, prayer is in vain. Second: if all things happen according to the will of God, and His counsels are fixed, and nothing of what He wills can be changed, prayer is in vain." But it is useful, I think, to deal with these things first for the solution of the difficulties that cause some to be numb towards prayer. 6.1 Of things that are moved, some have their source of motion from without, such as inanimate things and those held together only by a state of being, and things moved by nature and soul, not inasmuch as they are sometimes moved as such but similarly to those held together only by a state of being; for stones and pieces of wood, which have been cut from the quarry or have lost their ability to grow, being held together only by a state of being, have their source of motion from without, but also the bodies of animals and the portable parts of plants, being moved by something, are not moved as animals and plants but similarly to stones and pieces of wood that have lost their ability to grow; and even if these things are moved because all bodies are in flux as they decay, they have a motion that is consequent to their decay. Second, besides these, are things moved by their indwelling nature or soul, which are also said to be moved "from themselves" by those who use terms more precisely. And there is a third kind of motion in animals, which is called motion "by themselves"; and I think that the motion of rational beings is motion "through themselves." But if we take away from the animal the motion "by itself," it can no longer be considered an animal, but will be like either a plant moved only by nature or a stone carried by something from without. But if something follows from its own motion, since we named this being moved "through itself," it must be rational. 6.2 Therefore, those who want there to be nothing in our power will necessarily accept something most foolish: first, that we are not animals, and second, that we are not even rational, but, as if moved by an external agent, we ourselves, being in no way moved, would be said to do by that agent what we are thought to do. And besides, let someone pay attention to his own experiences and see if he will not shamelessly say that he himself does not will, and he himself does not eat, and he himself does not walk, nor he himself assents to and accepts certain doctrines, nor he himself rejects others as false. Therefore, just as it is impossible for a person to be disposed towards certain doctrines, even if he constructs them ten thousand times with specious reasoning and uses plausible arguments, so it is impossible for someone to be disposed concerning human affairs as if what is in our power is in no way preserved. For who is disposed to believe that nothing is comprehensible or lives in such a way as to suspend judgment about absolutely everything? Who does not rebuke his servant, having the impression that the servant has done wrong? And who is there who does not blame a son for not rendering his duty to his parents, or does not reproach and censure as having done a shameful thing the woman who has committed adultery? For the truth compels and forces us, even if someone uses specious reasoning ten thousand times, to act and to praise and to blame, on the assumption that what is in our power is preserved, and that this becomes praiseworthy or blameworthy because of us. 6.3 If, then, what is in our power is preserved, having countless inclinations toward virtue or vice, and again toward duty or what is contrary to duty, necessarily this, along with other things, before it comes to be, has been known by God "from the creation" and "foundation of the world," what sort it will be; and in all things which God pre-ordains according to what He has foreseen concerning each work that is in our power, there has been pre-ordained according to merit for each movement that is in our power what will meet it from providence, and also what will happen according to the sequence of future events, not with God's foreknowledge becoming the cause of all things that will happen

ὄντος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὰ ὅλα προκατειληφότος μένοντός τε ἐν τοῖς προδιατεταγμένοις, εὔχεσθαι, οἰόμενον μετατρέψειν διὰ τῆς εὐχῆς αὐτοῦ τὴν πρόθεσιν ἢ ὡς μὴ προδιαταξαμένῳ ἀλλὰ περιμένοντι τὴν ἑκάστου εὐχὴν ἐντυγχάνειν, ἵνα διὰ τὴν εὐχὴν διατάξηται τὸ πρέπον τῷ εὐχομένῳ, τότε τάσσων τὸ δοκιμαζόμενον εἶναι εὔλογον οὐ πρό τερον αὐτῷ τεθεωρημένον. 5.6 κείσθω δὲ ἐν τοῖς παροῦσιν αὐταῖς λέξεσιν ἅπερ διὰ τῶν πρός με γραμμάτων ἔταξας, οὕτως ἔχοντα. «πρῶτον· εἰ προγνώστης ἐστὶν ὁ θεὸς τῶν μελλόντων, καὶ δεῖ αὐτὰ γίνεσθαι, ματαία ἡ προσευχή. δεύτερον· εἰ πάντα κατὰ βούλησιν θεοῦ γίνεται, καὶ ἀραρότα αὐτοῦ ἐστι τὰ βουλεύματα, καὶ οὐδὲν τραπῆναι ὧν βούλε ται δύναται, ματαία ἡ προσευχή.» χρήσιμα δὲ, ὡς οἶμαι, ταῦτα πρὸς λύσιν τῶν ἀποναρκᾶν πρὸς τὸ εὔχεσθαι ποιούντων προδια ληπτέον. 6.1 Τῶν κινουμένων τὰ μέν τινα τὸ κινοῦν ἔξωθεν ἔχει ὥσπερ τὰ ἄψυχα καὶ ὑπὸ ἕξεως μόνης συνεχόμενα καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ φύσεως καὶ ψυχῆς κινούμενα, οὐχ ᾗ τοιαῦτα ἔσθ' ὅτε κινούμενα ἀλλ' ὁμοίως τοῖς ὑπὸ ἕξεως μόνης συνεχομένοις· λίθοι γὰρ καὶ ξύλα, τὰ ἐκκοπέντα τοῦ μετάλλου ἢ τὸ φύειν ἀπολωλεκότα, ὑπὸ ἕξεως μόνης συνεχόμενα τὸ κινοῦν ἔξωθεν ἔχει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν ζῴων σώματα καὶ τὰ φορητὰ τῶν πεφυτευμένων, ὑπό τινος μετατιθέμενα, οὐχ ᾗ ζῷα καὶ φυτὰ μετατίθεται ἀλλ' ὁμοίως λίθοις καὶ ξύλοις τοῖς τὸ φύειν ἀπολωλεκόσι· κἂν κινῆται καὶ ταῦτα τῷ ῥευστὰ εἶναι πάντα τὰ σώματα φθίνοντα, παρακολουθητικὴν ἔχει τὴν ἐν τῷ φθίνειν κίνησιν. δεύτερα δὲ παρὰ ταῦτά ἐστι κινούμενα τὰ ὑπὸ τῆς ἐνυπ αρχούσης φύσεως ἢ ψυχῆς κινούμενα, ἃ καὶ ἐξ αὑτῶν κινεῖσθαι λέγεται παρὰ τοῖς κυριώτερον χρωμένοις τοῖς ὀνόμασι. τρίτη δέ ἐστι κίνησις ἡ ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις, ἥτις ὀνομάζεται ἡ ἀφ' αὑτῶν κίνησις· οἶμαι δὲ ὅτι ἡ τῶν λογικῶν κίνησις δι' αὐτῶν ἐστι κίνησις. ἐὰν δὲ περιέλωμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ζῴου τὴν ἀφ' αὑτοῦ κίνησιν, οὐδὲ ζῷον ἔτι ὂν ὑπονοηθῆναι δύναται, ἀλλὰ ἔσται ὅμοιον ἤτοι φυτῷ ὑπὸ φύσεως μόνης κινουμένῳ ἢ λίθῳ ὑπό τινος ἔξωθεν φερομένῳ. ἐὰν δὲ παρα κολουθῇ τι τῇ ἰδίᾳ κινήσει, ἐπεὶ τοῦτο δι' αὐτοῦ κινεῖσθαι ὠνο μάσαμεν, ἀνάγκη τοῦτο εἶναι λογικόν. 6.2 οἱ τοίνυν θέλοντες μηδὲν εἶναι ἐφ' ἡμῖν, ἀναγκαίως ἠλιθιώ τατόν τι παραδέξονται· πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι οὐκ ἐσμὲν ζῷα, δεύτερον δὲ ὅτι οὐδὲ λογικὰ, ἀλλ' οἷον ὑπὸ ἔξωθεν κινοῦντος αὐτοὶ οὐδαμῶς κινούμενοι ποιεῖν ὑπ' ἐκείνου λεγοίμεθα ἃ ποιεῖν νομιζόμεθα. ἄλλως τε καὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις πάθεσιν ἐπιστήσας τις ὁράτω, εἰ μὴ ἀναιδῶς ἐρεῖ μὴ αὐτὸς θέλειν καὶ μὴ αὐτὸς ἐσθίειν καὶ μὴ αὐτὸς περιπατεῖν μηδὲ αὐτὸς συγκατατίθεσθαι καὶ παραδέχεσθαι ὁποῖα δή ποτε τῶν δογμάτων μηδὲ αὐτὸς ἀνανεύειν πρὸς ἕτερα ὡς ψευδῆ. ὥσπερ οὖν πρός τινα δόγματα ἀμήχανον διατεθῆναι ἄνθρωπον, κἂν μυριάκις αὐτὰ κατασκευάζῃ εὑρεσιλογῶν καὶ πιθανοῖς λόγοις χρώμενος, οὕτως ἀδύνατον διατεθεῖσθαί τινα περὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων, ὡς μηδαμῶς τοῦ ἐφ' ἡμῖν σῳζομένου. τίς γὰρ διάκειται περὶ τοῦ μηδὲν εἶναι καταληπτὸν ἢ οὕτως βιοῖ, ὡς ἐπέχων περὶ παντὸς οὑτινοσοῦν; τίς δὲ οὐκ ἐπιπλήττει, φαντασίαν ἁμαρτήσαντος οἰκέτου λαβὼν, τῷ θεράποντι; καὶ τίς ἐστιν, ὃς μὴ αἰτιᾶται υἱὸν τὸ πρὸς γονεῖς καθῆκον μὴ ἀποδιδόντα ἢ μὴ μέμφεται καὶ ψέγει ὡς αἰσχρὸν πεποιη κυῖαν τὴν μεμοιχευμένην; βιάζεται γὰρ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἀναγκάζει, κἂν μυριάκις τις εὑρεσιλογῇ, ὁρμᾶν καὶ ἐπαινεῖν καὶ ψέγειν, ὡς τηρουμένου τοῦ ἐφ' ἡμῖν, καὶ τούτου ἐπαινετοῦ ἢ ψεκτοῦ γινομένου παρ' ἡμᾶς. 6.3 εἰ δὴ τὸ ἐφ' ἡμῖν σῴζεται, μυρίας ὅσας ἀπονεύσεις ἔχον πρὸς ἀρετὴν ἢ κακίαν καὶ πάλιν ἢ πρὸς τὸ καθῆκον ἢ πρὸς τὸ παρὰ τὸ καθῆκον, ἀναγκαίως τοῦτο μετὰ τῶν λοιπῶν, πρὶν γένηται, τῷ θεῷ ἔγνωσται «ἀπὸ κτίσεως» καὶ «καταβολῆς κόσμου», ὁποῖον ἔσται· καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν, οἷς προδιατάσσεται ὁ θεὸς ἀκολούθως οἷς ἑώρακε περὶ ἑκάστου ἔργου τῶν ἐφ' ἡμῖν, προδιατέτακται κατ' ἀξίαν ἑκάστῳ κινήματι τῶν ἐφ' ἡμῖν τὸ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς προνοίας αὐτῷ ἀπαντησόμενον ἔτι δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὸν εἱρμὸν τῶν ἐσομένων συμβησόμενον, οὐχὶ τῆς προγνώσεως τοῦ θεοῦ αἰτίας γινομένης τοῖς ἐσομένοις πᾶσι