Philocalia or Selections from the works of Origen made by Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus (ch. 23, 25-27)

 of those concerning the stars, so that what is said by them may not be an unproven declaration, let them try to bring us more compellingly, by present

 to her a sign, saying: This is the sign which the Lord spoke, saying: Behold, the altar shall be rent, and the fat that is upon it shall be poured out

 of certain observations, or also from the teaching of angels who had transgressed their own order and, for the ruin of our race, taught certain things

 to be mistaken, but it is possible concerning things that are contingent to happen and not to happen to think that they happen and that they do not ha

 these past events are not in our power, it being possible on the basis of the same past events to do other things than what we do. But if anyone seeks

 It is fated for you to have children or not to have children in vain then you have relations with a woman. For just as in this case, since it is impo

 they will reasonably agree that nothing concerning human affairs comes from the stars, but, as we have said before, if anything, they are signified A

 argument, that humans are able to comprehend the heavenly configurations and the signs and what they are signs of, let us now examine if this is true.

 of human nature, not in a human way but in a divine way they are taught the secrets just as Paul, saying: I heard unspeakable words, which it is not

 they read the book of God and thus they do what is incumbent upon them. But as we said before, what we do, or what the opposing energies accomplish i

 they do away with sayings, also using the one: “The sinners were estranged from the womb,” spoken in the psalms. Now to this it is easy to reply, by a

 troubling our argument since Paul says: “But we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called accordin

 the deeds foreknown beforehand but happening later, each from the apostolic preparation and choice. But now to apply this to the saying from the psalm

 Health, of course, and bodily strength are a good. The text reads thus: ‘If you will not hearken to do all the words of this law that are written in t

 it is necessary to raise a further question to those who suppose, whether the prophets, whose sins are not spoken against, have kept the law for exam

 of whom the prophet also finds fault with those who are in such states, saying: 'From the feet to the head, there is neither wound, nor bruise, nor fe

 who was once the morning star, rising in the morning, but later was shattered upon the earth. For not only among the sons of men, if one is perfect, i

 that the sound account concerning this Scripture is also among the hidden things. But those who claim there is another god besides the creator wish hi

 they suppose concerning God, nor to what they dogmatize concerning natures, does the argument from the reading now under examination contribute, as th

 leading him into the open and perhaps exhausting him through the action, so that having brought to completion all the outbursts of his indwelling wick

 chasten me” the one praying these things is asking not to need the reproof that comes through the wrath of God and the chastisement that comes throug

 Good masters, being long-suffering toward their sinning servants, are accustomed to say: I have ruined you and: I have made you wicked showing with

 the heart of Pharaoh” whether they believe that these things are said truly by God through the inspired Moses or falsely. For if falsely, then accord

It is fated for you to have children or not to have children; in vain then you have relations with a woman. For just as in this case, since it is impossible and impracticable for one who has not had relations with a woman to have children, it is not in vain that having relations with a woman is undertaken; so, if recovery from sickness happens by the way of medical art, the physician is necessarily employed; and it is false to say: You employ the physician in vain. We have gone through all these things, because of what the most wise Celsus alleged, saying: “Being God, he foretold it, and what was foretold absolutely had to happen.” For if he understands "absolutely" as "by necessity," we shall not concede it to him; for it was possible for it not to happen. But if he says "absolutely" instead of "it will be," which is not prevented from being true, even if it is possible for it not to happen, it does not harm the argument; for it did not follow from Jesus's having truly foretold the things concerning the traitor or concerning Peter who denied him, that he himself became the cause of their impiety and unholy deed. For seeing his wicked character, he who according to us knew "what was in man," and seeing what he would dare both from his being a lover of money and from not holding firmly the proper thoughts about the teacher, he said, among many things, also this: "He who has dipped his hand with me in the dish, he will betray me." 23.14n <From the third book of the commentary on Genesis> (2) But come, let us argue also concerning the stars being in no way causative of things among men, but only significative. For it is clear that if this particular configuration of the stars were thought to be causative of certain things that happen to a man; for let the argument now be considered concerning this; a configuration happening today, so to speak, concerning this person could not be conceived to have caused past events concerning another or even others; for everything that causes is prior to what has been caused. But as far as the doctrines of those who profess such things are concerned, it is thought that things prior to the configuration are foretold concerning men. For they profess in a certain way, having taken the hour of this man's birth, to comprehend how each of the planets is in a perpendicular line to this degree of the zodiac or to the minutes within it, and which star of the zodiac was on the eastern horizon, and which on the western, and which at the mid-heaven, and which at the anti-mid-heaven. And when they have set the stars, which they think have formed a configuration for themselves, configured in this way at the time of so-and-so's birth, at the time of the birth of the one they are examining, they examine not only future things, but also past things, and things that happened before the birth and conception of the one in question; concerning the father, what sort of person he is, rich or poor, whole in body or maimed, better or worse in character, possessing little or much, having this or that profession; and the same things also about the mother, and about older siblings, if there happen to be any. 23.15 For the present, let us grant that they comprehend the truths in this matter, concerning which we will also later show that it is not so; let us ask, then, of those who suppose that the affairs of men are compelled by the stars, in what way today's configuration of this sort can have caused earlier things. For if this is impossible, and since what is said about earlier times is found to be true, it is clear that the stars moving thus in heaven have not caused past events that happened before they were in this state. If this is the case, perhaps one who grants that they speak the truth, reflecting on what is said about future events, will say that they speak the truth not because the stars cause things but only because they signify them. But if someone should say that the stars do not cause past events, but that other configurations were the cause of their occurrence, and the present configuration has only signified them, but future things are indicated by the present configuration at the time of so-and-so's birth; let him set forth the difference by which he can show from the stars that these things are understood to be true as from causes, and those as only from signs. But being unable to give the difference

εἵμαρταί σοι τεκνοποιῆσαι ἢ μὴ τεκνοποιῆσαι· μάτην ἄρα συνέρχῃ γυναικί. Ὡς γὰρ ἐπὶ τούτου, ἐπεὶ ἀμήχανον καὶ ἀδύνατον τεκνο ποιῆσαι τὸν μὴ συνελθόντα γυναικί, οὐ μάτην παραλαμβάνεται τὸ συνελθεῖν γυναικί· οὕτως, εἰ τὸ ἀναστῆναι ἐκ τῆς νόσου ὁδῷ τῇ ἀπὸ ἰατρικῆς γίνεται, ἀναγκαίως παρα λαμβάνεται ὁ ἰατρός· καὶ ψεῦδος τό· Μάτην εἰσάγεις τὸν ἰατρόν. Ὅλα δὲ ταῦτα παρειλήφαμεν, δι' ἃ παρέθετο ὁ σοφώτατος Κέλσος εἰπών· «Θεὸς ὢν προεῖπε, καὶ πάντως ἐχρῆν γενέσθαι τὸ προειρημένον.» Εἰ γὰρ τοῦ πάντως ἀκούει ἀντὶ τοῦ κατηναγκασμένως, οὐ δώσομεν αὐτῷ· δυνατὸν γὰρ ἦν καὶ μὴ γενέσθαι. Εἰ δὲ τὸ πάντως λέγει ἀντὶ τοῦ ἔσται, ὅπερ οὐ κωλύεται εἶναι ἀληθές, κἂν δυνατὸν ᾖ τὸ μὴ γενέσθαι, οὐδὲν λυπεῖ τὸν λόγον· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἠκολούθει τῷ προειρηκέναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀληθῶς τὰ περὶ τοῦ προδότου ἢ τὰ περὶ τοῦ ἀρνησαμένου Πέτρου, τὸ αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς αἴτιον γενέσθαι ἀσεβείας καὶ ἀνοσίου πράξεως. Ὁρῶν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸ μοχθηρὸν ἦθος ὁ καθ' ἡμᾶς γιγνώσκων «τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ», καὶ ὁρῶν ἃ τολμήσει ἔκ τε τοῦ φιλάργυρος εἶναι καὶ ἐκ τοῦ μὴ βεβαίως περὶ τοῦ διδασκάλου φρονεῖν ἃ ἐχρῆν, εἶπε μετὰ πολλῶν καὶ τό· «Ὁ ἐμβάψας μετ' ἐμοῦ τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὸ τρυβλίον, ἐκεῖνός με παραδώσει.» 23.14ν <Τόμου τρίτου τῶν εἰς τὴν Γένεσιν> (βʹ) Φέρε δὲ ἀγωνισώμεθα καὶ περὶ τοῦ τοὺς ἀστέρας μηδαμῶς εἶναι ποιητικοὺς τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις, σημαντικοὺς δὲ μόνον. Σαφὲς δὴ ὅτι εἰ ὅδε, τις ὁ σχηματισμὸς τῶν ἀστέρων ποιητικὸς νομίζοιτο τῶνδέ τινων τῶν γινομένων περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον· ἔστω γὰρ περὶ τούτου νῦν ζητεῖσθαι τὸν λόγον· οὐκ ἂν ὁ σήμερον φέρε εἰπεῖν γενόμενος σχηματισμὸς περὶ τόνδε δύναιτο νοεῖσθαι πεποιηκέναι τὰ παρεληλυθότα περὶ ἕτερον ἢ καὶ περὶ ἑτέρους· πᾶν γὰρ τὸ ποιοῦν πρεσβύτερον τοῦ πεποιημένου. Ὅσον δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς μαθήμασι τῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐπαγγελλομένων, πρεσβύτερα τοῦ σχηματισμοῦ προλέγεσθαι νομίζεται περὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώ πους. Ἐπαγγέλλονται γὰρ τόνδε τινὰ τρόπον τὴν ὥραν λαβόντες τοῦδε τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καταλαμβάνειν πῶς ἕκαστος τῶν πλανωμένων κατὰ κάθετον ἢ τῆσδε τῆς μοίρας τοῦ ζῳδίου ἢ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ λεπτῶν, καὶ ποῖος ἀστὴρ τοῦ ζῳδιακοῦ κατὰ τοῦ ἀνατολικοῦ ἐτύγχανεν ὁρίζοντος, ποῖός τε κατὰ τοῦ δυτικοῦ, καὶ τίς κατὰ τοῦ μεσουρανήματος, καὶ τίς κατὰ τοῦ ἀντιμεσουρανήματος. Καὶ ἐπὰν θῶσι τοὺς ἀστέρας, οὓς νομίζουσιν ἑαυτοῖς ἐσχηματικέναι, κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς τοῦ δεῖνος γενέσεως ἐσχηματισμένους οὑτωσί, τῷ χρόνῳ τῆς ἀποτέξεως τοῦ περὶ οὗ σκοποῦσιν, οὐ μόνον τὰ μέλλοντα ἐξετάζουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ παρεληλυθότα, καὶ τὰ πρὸ τῆς γενέσεως καὶ τῆς σπορᾶς τοῦ περὶ οὗ ὁ λόγος γεγενημένα· περὶ πατρός, ποταπὸς ὢν τυγχάνει, πλούσιος ἢ πένης, ὁλόκληρος τὸ σῶμα ἢ σεσινωμένος, τὸ ἦθος βελτίων ἢ χείρων, ἀκτήμων ἢ πολυκτήμων, τήνδε τὴν πρᾶξιν ἢ τήνδε ἔχων· τὰ δ' αὐτὰ καὶ περὶ τῆς μητρός, καὶ περὶ πρεσβυτέρων ἀδελφῶν, ἐὰν τύχωσιν ὄντες. 23.15 Ἔστω δὲ ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος προσίεσθαι αὐτοὺς καταλαμβάνειν τὰ ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἀληθῆ, περὶ οὗ καὶ αὐτοῦ ὕστερον δείξομεν ὅτι οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει· πευσώμεθα τοίνυν τῶν ὑπολαμβανόντων κατηναγκάσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἄστρων τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πράγματα, τίνα τρόπον ὁ σήμερον σχημα τισμὸς ὁ τοιόσδε δύναται πεποιηκέναι τὰ πρεσβύτερα. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἀμήχανον, καθ' ὃ δὴ ὅτι εὑρίσκεται τὸ περὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ χρόνου ἀληθές, σαφὲς τὸ μὴ πεποιη κέναι τοὺς ἀστέρας οὑτωσὶ κινουμένους ἐν οὐρανῷ τὰ παρεληλυθότα καὶ γενόμενα πρὸ τοῦ οὕτως ἔχειν αὐτούς. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο, τάχα ὁ προσιέμενος ἀληθεύειν αὐτούς, ἐπι στήσας τοῖς περὶ τῶν μελλόντων λεγομένοις, ἐρεῖ ἀληθεύειν αὐτοὺς οὐ τῷ ποιεῖν τοὺς ἀστέρας ἀλλὰ τῷ σημαίνειν μόνον. Ἐὰν δέ τις φάσκῃ τὰ μὲν παρεληλυθότα μὴ ποιεῖν τοὺς ἀστέρας, ἀλλὰ ἄλλους μὲν σχηματισμοὺς τοὺς τῆς ἐκείνων γενέσεως αἰτίους γεγονέναι, τὸν δὲ νῦν σχηματισμὸν σεσημαγκέναι μόνον, τὰ μέντοι μέλλοντα δηλοῦσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνεστηκότος σχηματισμοῦ τῆς τοῦ δεῖνος γενέσεως· παραστησάτω τὴν διαφορὰν τοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀστέρων δύνασθαι δεῖξαι ὅτι τάδε μὲν νενόηται ἀληθῆ ὡς ἀπὸ ποιούντων, τάδε δὲ ὡς ἀπὸ σημαινόντων μόνον. Μὴ ἔχοντες δὲ δοῦναι τὴν διαφορὰν