Chapter VI.

This, I believe, makes the greatness of the prophet Elias, and of him who afterwards appeared in the spirit and power of Elias, than whom “of those that are born of women there was none greater33    S. Matt. xii. 11..” If their history conveys any other mystic lesson, surely this above all is taught by their special mode of life, that the man whose thoughts are fixed upon the invisible is necessarily separated from all the ordinary events of life; his judgments as to the True Good cannot be confused and led astray by the deceits arising from the senses. Both, from their youth upwards, exiled themselves from human society, and in a way from human nature, in their neglect of the usual kinds of meat and drink, and their sojourn in the desert. The wants of each were satisfied by the nourishment that came in their way, so that their taste might remain simple and unspoilt, as their ears were free from any distracting noise, and their eyes from any wandering look. Thus they attained a cloudless calm of soul, and were raised to that height of Divine favour which Scripture records of each. Elias, for instance, became the dispenser of God’s earthly gifts; he had authority to close at will the uses of the sky against the sinners and to open them to the penitent. John is not said indeed to have done any miracle; but the gift in him was pronounced by Him Who sees the secrets of a man greater than any prophet’s. This was so, we may presume, because both, from beginning to end, so dedicated their hearts to the Lord that they were unsullied by any earthly passion; because the love of wife or child, or any other human call, did not intrude upon them, and they did not even think their daily sustenance worthy of anxious thought; because they showed themselves to be above any magnificence34    σεμνότητος; not as Galesinius renders, “asperitate quadam gravi.” of dress, and made shift with that which chance offered them, one clothing himself in goat-skins, the other with camel’s hair. It is my belief that they would not have reached to this loftiness of spirit, if marriage had softened them. This is not simple history only; it is “written for our admonition35    1 Cor. x. 11.,” that we might direct our lives by theirs. What, then, do we learn thereby? This: that the man who longs for union with God must, like those saints, detach his mind from all worldly business. It is impossible for the mind which is poured into many channels to win its way to the knowledge and the love of God.

[6] Κεφάλαιον ϚʹὍτι Ἠλίας καὶ Ἰωάννης τῆς ἀκριβείας τοῦ βίου τούτου ἐπεμελήθησαν. Διὰ τοῦτό μοι δοκεῖ καὶ ὁ μέγας ἐν προφήταις Ἠλίας καὶ ὁ «ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει Ἠλιοῦ» μετ' ἐκεῖνον ἐπιδημήσας τῷ βίῳ, οὗ «μείζων οὐδεὶς ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν», εἴπερ τι καὶ ἕτερον ἡ κατ' αὐτοὺς ἱστορία παραδηλοῖ δι' αἰνίγματος, τοῦτο μάλιστα τῷ ἰδίῳ δογματίζειν βίῳ τὸ χωρισθῆναι τῆς τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου βίου ἀκολουθίας τὸν τῇ θεωρίᾳ τῶν ἀοράτων ἀποσχολάζοντα, ὡς ἂν μὴ ταῖς τοιαύταις ἀπάταις ταῖς διὰ τῶν αἰσθήσεων γινομέναις προσεθισθεὶς σύγχυσίν τινα καὶ πλάνην πάθοι περὶ τὴν τοῦ ὄντως ἀγαθοῦ κρίσιν. Ἀμφότεροι γὰρ εὐθὺς ἐκ νέων ἀπεξενώθησαν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης ζωῆς καὶ οἷον ἔξω τῆς φύσεως ἑαυτοὺς ἔστησαν τῇ τε περὶ τὴν βρῶσιν καὶ πόσιν ὑπεροψίᾳ τῆς συνήθους καὶ νενομισμένης τροφῆς καὶ τῇ κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον διαγωγῇ, ὡς καὶ τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀπεριήχητον, καὶ ἀμετεώριστον αὐτοῖς φυλαχθῆναι τὴν ὄψιν, καὶ τὴν γεῦσιν ἁπλῆν τε καὶ ἀπραγμάτευτον διαμεῖναι, ἐκ τοῦ προστυχόντος ἑκατέροις πληρουμένης τῆς χρείας. Ἐντεῦθεν εἰς πολλὴν εὐδίαν καὶ γαλήνην ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν θορύβων κατέστησαν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο εἰς τοσοῦτον μέγεθος τῶν θείων χαρισμάτων ἐπήρθησαν, ὅσον περὶ ἑκατέρου τούτων μνημονεύει ὁ λόγος. Ἠλίας μὲν γὰρ καθάπερ ταμίας τις τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ δωρεῶν καταστὰς τὰς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ χρείας κατ' ἐξουσίαν καὶ ἀποκλείειν τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσι καὶ ἀνιέναι τοῖς μετανοοῦσι κύριος ἦν: τὸν δέ γε Ἰωάννην τοιοῦτον μέν τι θαυματοποιῆσαι οὐδὲν ἡ θεία φησὶν ἱστορία, περισσότερον δὲ ἢ κατὰ πάντα προφήτην τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ χάρισμα παρὰ τοῦ τὰ κρυπτὰ βλέποντος μεμαρτύρηται: τάχα ὅτι καθαράν τε καὶ ἀμιγῆ πάσης ὑλικῆς προσπαθείας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίαν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς εἰς τέλος τῷ κυρίῳ ἀνέθηκαν, οὔτε εἰς τέκνων στοργὴν οὔτε εἰς γυναικῶν φροντίδα οὔτε εἰς ἄλλο τι τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἀπασχολήσαντες: οἵ γε μηδὲ τῆς καθ' ἡμέραν ἀναγκαίου τροφῆς πρέπειν ἑαυτοῖς ὑπολαβόντες τὴν μέριμναν τῆς τε τῶν ἐνδυμάτων σεμνότητος κρείττους ἐπιδειχθέντες ἐκ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων ἑαυτοῖς τὰς χρείας ἀπεσχεδίαζον, ὁ μὲν «δέρμασιν αἰγείοις», ὁ δὲ «καμήλου θριξὶ» σκεπαζόμενος, οὐκ ἂν εἰς ἐκεῖνο τὸ μέγεθος, ὡς οἶμαι, φθάσαντες, εἰ ταῖς τοῦ σώματος ἡδυπαθείαις ὑπὸ τοῦ γάμου κατεμαλάχθησαν. Ταῦτα δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλά, καθώς φησιν ὁ ἀπόστολος, εἰς «νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν ἀναγέγραπται», ἵνα πρὸς τὸν ἐκείνων βίον καὶ τὸν ἑαυτῶν κατευθύνωμεν. Τί οὖν ἐκ τούτων μανθάνομεν; Τὸ καθ' ὁμοιότητα τῶν ἁγίων ἀνδρῶν μηδενὶ τῶν βιωτικῶν πραγμάτων προσασχολεῖν τὴν διάνοιαν τὸν ἐπιθυμοῦντα τῷ θεῷ συναφθῆναι. Οὐδὲ γάρ ἐστι δυνατὸν τὸν εἰς πολλὰ τῇ διανοίᾳ διαχεόμενον πρὸς θεοῦ κατανόησιν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν εὐθυπορῆσαι.
Δοκεῖ δέ μοι δι' ὑποδείγματος ἐναργέστερον ἂν παραστῆσαι τὸ περὶ τούτων δόγμα. Ὑποθώμεθα γάρ τι ὕδωρ ἐκ πηγῆς προχεόμενον εἰς διαφόρους ἀπορροὰς κατὰ τὸ συμβὰν διασχίζεσθαι. Οὐκοῦν ἕως ἂν οὕτω φέρηται, εἰς οὐδὲν τῶν πρὸς τὴν γεωργίαν χρησίμων ἐπιτήδειον ἔσται, τῆς εἰς πολλὰ διαχύσεως ὀλίγον τὸ ἐν ἑκάστῳ καὶ ἀδρανὲς καὶ δυσκίνητον ὑπὸ ἀτονίας ποιούσης: εἰ δέ τις πάσας αὐτοῦ τὰς ἀτάκτους ἀπορροὰς συναγάγοι καὶ εἰς ἓν ῥεῖθρον τὸ πολλαχῇ τέως διεσκεδασμένον ἀθροίσειεν, εἰς πολλὰ ἂν τῶν βιωφελῶν καὶ χρησίμων ἀθρόῳ καὶ συντεταμένῳ τῷ ὕδατι χρήσαιτο. Οὕτω μοι δοκεῖ καὶ ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἀνθρώπινος, εἰ μὲν πανταχοῦ διαχέοιτο πρὸς τὸ ἀρέσκον ἀεὶ τοῖς αἰσθητηρίοις ῥέων καὶ σκεδαννύμενος, μηδεμίαν ἀξιόλογον δύναμιν σχεῖν πρὸς τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄντως ἀγαθὸν πορείαν: εἰ δὲ πανταχόθεν ἀνακληθεὶς καὶ περὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀθροισθεὶς συνηγμένος καὶ ἀδιάχυτος πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν ἑαυτῷ καὶ κατὰ φύσιν ἐνέργειαν κινοῖτο, οὐδὲν τὸ κωλύον αὐτὸν ἔσται πρὸς τὰ ἄνω φέρεσθαι καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας τῶν ὄντων ἐφάπτεσθαι. Καθάπερ γὰρ τὸ περιεστεγασμένον διὰ σωλῆνος ὕδωρ ὄρθιον πολλάκις ὑπὸ τῆς ἀναθλιβούσης βίας ἐπὶ τὰ ἄνω φέρεται, οὐκ ἔχον ὅπῃ διαχυθῇ, καὶ ταῦτα κατωφεροῦς αὐτῷ τῆς κατὰ φύσιν οὔσης κινήσεως, οὕτω καὶ ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἀνθρώπινος οἷόν τινος σωλῆνος στενοῦ τῆς ἐγκρατείας αὐτὸν πανταχόθεν περισφιγγούσης ἀναληφθήσεταί πως ὑπὸ τῆς τοῦ κινεῖσθαι φύσεως πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὑψηλῶν ἐπιθυμίαν, οὐκ ἔχων ὅπου παραρρυῇ. Οὔτε γὰρ στῆναί ποτε δύναται τὸ ἀεικίνητον ὑπὸ τοῦ πεποιηκότος εἰληφὸς τὴν φύσιν καὶ εἰς τὰ μάταια κεχρῆσθαι τῇ κινήσει κωλυόμενον ἀμήχανον μὴ πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν πάντως εὐθυπορῆσαι, τῷ πανταχόθεν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀτόπων ἀπείργεσθαι. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς πολυοδίαις οὕτω μάλιστα τοὺς ὁδοιπόρους ὁρῶμεν τῆς εὐθείας οὐχ ἁμαρτάνοντας, ὅταν τὴν ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις ὁδοῖς πλάνην προμαθόντες ἐκκλίνωσιν. Ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ τῶν πεπλανημένων τρίβων ἐν τῷ ὁδεύειν ἀναχωρήσας ἐπὶ τῆς εὐθείας ἑαυτὸν φυλάσσει, οὕτως ἡμῶν ἡ διάνοια τῇ ἀποστροφῇ τῶν ματαίων τὴν ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ἀλήθειαν ἐπιγνώσεται. Ἔοικεν οὖν ταῦτα παιδεύειν ἡμᾶς ἡ μνήμη τῶν μεγάλων προφητῶν ἐκείνων τὸ μηδενὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ σπουδαζομένων ἐμπλέκεσθαι, ἓν δὲ τῶν σπουδαζομένων ὁ γάμος ἐστί, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀρχὴ καὶ ῥίζα τῆς τῶν ματαίων σπουδῆς.